US3911749A - Sampling probes - Google Patents

Sampling probes Download PDF

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Publication number
US3911749A
US3911749A US514510A US51451074A US3911749A US 3911749 A US3911749 A US 3911749A US 514510 A US514510 A US 514510A US 51451074 A US51451074 A US 51451074A US 3911749 A US3911749 A US 3911749A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
cannula
outlet
sampling probe
sample
wash
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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US514510A
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English (en)
Inventor
Robert John Hendry
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
CHEMLAB Manufacturing Ltd
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CHEMLAB Manufacturing Ltd
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by CHEMLAB Manufacturing Ltd filed Critical CHEMLAB Manufacturing Ltd
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Publication of US3911749A publication Critical patent/US3911749A/en
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N35/00—Automatic analysis not limited to methods or materials provided for in any single one of groups G01N1/00 - G01N33/00; Handling materials therefor
    • G01N35/10—Devices for transferring samples or any liquids to, in, or from, the analysis apparatus, e.g. suction devices, injection devices
    • G01N35/1004—Cleaning sample transfer devices

Definitions

  • FIG4 SAMPLING PROBES This invention relates to sampling probes of the type comprising a small bore tube or cannula intended to have a suction applied at one end and to have the other end dipped alternatively into a sample cup and into a wash container filled with water or other cleaning medium so that sample and cleaning medium are drawn alternately through the cannula. This prevents intermixing or cross contamination of the samples.
  • the successive samples are subjected to analysis or testing, e.g. by testing with reagents and subsequent colorimetry to assess the results of the tests. In one type, the results are recorded graphically and continuously.
  • One prior form of such a sampling probe has included mechanism for reciprocating the cannula axially to dip into the sample cup or wash container and also to swing bodily around an axis to translate it between the sample cup and the wash container.
  • Such a motion requires a complex mechanical drive to produce the required rotary and axial reciprocation, particularly if the movements have to be synchronised with an indexing sample cup holder.
  • a sampling probe of the type described has the wash container in the form of a reservoir chamber having an inlet for washing liquid and opposed upper and lower outlets, the cannula extending through the upper outlet and being axially reciprocable between a wash position in which its lower end is within the reservoir chamber and a sample position in which the lower end extends through the lower outlet so as to extend into a sample cup when such is located below the said lower outlet, a sealing member being carried by the cannula to seal the upper outlet in the wash position and the lower outlet in the sample position of the cannula, and a suction zone being provided below the lower outlet adapted to be connected to a source of vacuum to prevent washing liquid passing from the lower outlet into a sample cup below the lower outlet.
  • the sealing member is sealingly slidable on the outer surface of the cannula whereby the axial stroke of the cannula between the wash and sample positions may exceed the axial distance between the upper and lower outlets.”
  • the action of the cannula is thus purely axial and therefore much simpler to drive and the time interval between successive samples can be reduced.
  • FIG. 1 is a sectional view of a preferred form of sampling probe according to the invention in one operating position
  • FIG. 2 is a view similar to FIG. 1 showing the other operating position.
  • FIG. 3 is a diagrammatic sectional view showing some modification
  • FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating a complete samplin system.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 of the drawing show a body 1, e.g. of polymethyl methacrylate, formed with an internal reservoir chamber 2 of cylindrical shape leading at its upper end into a reduced diameter outlet zone 3, with a shoulder 4 at the junction, the said zone 3 forming an upper outlet from the chamber 2. Above the zone 3 there'is a bore within the body 1 which accommodates a small bore tube or cannula 5 for free sliding motion.
  • a drain or overflow outlet 6 communicates with the zone 3, and a water inlet 7 communicates with the reservoir chamber 2.
  • a ring 8 having a central aperture 9 opening out into an annular suction chamber 10 communicating with a suction line 11 and partly closed by an end cap 12 having a central aperture 13 through which the cannula 5 extends in the position shown in FIG. 2.
  • the cannula 5 has an O ring 14 slidably received thereon and which closes the upper outlet from the reservoir chamber 2 when in the FIG. 1 position and the lower exit when in the FIG. 2 position.
  • the sample probe illustrated is intended to be used with an integrated testing apparatus of the type illustrated in FIG. 4.
  • the apparatus of FIG. 4 includes a peristaltic pump 31 with inlets or suction lines 32, 33 and 34 from a water reservoir 35, the line 11 and the cannula 5 respectively.
  • the corresponding outlets 36, 37 and 38 lead respectively to the line 7, waste or drain and an analysis system.
  • the apparatus is further shown as comprising a sample tray 41 having equally circumferentially spaced sample cups 42 and arranged to be indexed about its axis in steps equal to the angular pitching of the cups 42.
  • a drive unit 43 co-ordinates this motion with the reciprocation of the cannula 5 by means of a rod 44 also driven from the unit 43.
  • the assembly of the body 1, the ring 8, and the end cap 12 is located above the indexing sample tray 41 which presents the cup 42 seriatim beneath the assembly.
  • the O ring 14 is cooperating with the shoulder 4 to seal the oulet from the top of the reservoir chamber 2. Washing water is being fed in by the peristaltic pump through the line 7 to the reservoir chamber and part of this is being drawn up through the cannula 5 by the peristaltic pump, and the surplus water passes through the central aperture 9 in the ring 8 to the suction chamber 10 from where it is drawn by the peristaltic pump into the line 11.
  • the central aperture 9 in the ring 8 By maintaining a sub-atmospheric pressure within the suction chamber 10, leakage through the central aperture 13 of the end cap 12 is prevented, and in fact a certain amount of air is drawn upwards through this aperture into the suction chamber.
  • the outside of the cannula 5 is to a certain extent washed in the flow of water, and water is also drawn up through the cannula to flush the inside of it and to separate successive samples.
  • the cannula After a suitable washing period, during which the next succeeding sample cup will be indexed to its position below the central aperture 13 of the end cap 12, the cannula will be moved axially downwardly from the position of FIG. l to that of FIG. 2, by the rod 44 suitably synchronised with the indexing mechanism.
  • the O ring 14 first clears the shoulder 12 to open the upperexit from the reservoir chamber 2, and then passes downwardly until it engages the shoulder formed at the lower end of the reservoir chamber 2 by the ring 8, and it thus seals the entrance to the central aperture 9 of this ring.
  • the required stroke of the cannula will be somewhat longer than the length of the reservoir chamber 2 itself, and in order to accommodate this, the cannula is arranged so it can continue to slide within the O ring 14 until it-projects sufficiently far through the aperture 13 to extend into the sample cup. At this point, the sample will be sucked through the cannula by the pump.
  • the supply of water through the line 7 will pass through the upper outlet from the reservoir chamber 2 and out through the overflow line 6. This flow washes out the reservoir chamber so as to free it from contamination by the previous sample.
  • the cannula 5 When sampling has been continued for a sufficiently long period, the cannula 5 is once more moved upwardly, initially carrying the O ring 14 with it so as to open the lower outlet from the reservoir chamber 2 and subsequently reseal the upper outlet. The additional motion of the cannula 5 is once more absorbed by its sliding through the O ring 14.
  • This sliding of the cannula 5 within the O ring 14 eliminates any necessity for accurate adjustment of the motion of the cannula 5 in relation to the chamber 2, and ensures that there is always a positive seal by the Oring.
  • a peristaltic pump applies pulsating pressure and vacuum to the lines 7 and l 1 respectively, and consequently in the washing position illustrated in FIG. 1, there is generally a pulsating bubble of air within the suction chamber 10, and tending to pass up the aperture 9 into the reservoir chamber itself.
  • this bubble will in fact reach the cannula and be induced into the flow therein, so that a series of air bubbles will enter the cannula 5 during the washing process.
  • Such air bubbles create an efficient scavenging within the cannula by breaking up the continuous stream of washing water. This scavenging action continues along the line through'the peristaltic pump.
  • FIG. 3 shows such a tube 20 leading to a vent fitting 21, provided with an upstanding, open topped, wide vent tube 22 to prevent liquid overflow through the vent tube, the vent fitting being adapted to take an exhaust line or waste pipe 23 of any desired length.
  • This vent fitting 21 prevents siphoning occurring beyond the fitting and thus the user is not restricted to the length of actual waste pipe 23 he may use.
  • FIG. 3 also shows the provision of a taper 24 instead of a shoulder 4 between the reservoir chamber 2 and the outlet zone 3 to provide a better seat for the O ring 14.
  • a similar taper may be provided at the lower outlet.
  • a sampling probe of the type comprising a small bore cannula intended to have a suction applied at one end and to have the other end dipped alternately into a sample cup and into a wash container filled with water or other cleaning medium so that sample and cleaning medium are drawn alternately through the cannula: the improvement that the wash container is in the form of a reservoir chamber having an inlet for washing liquid and opposed upper and lower outlets, the cannula extending through the upper outlet and being axially reciprocable between a wash position in which its lower end is within the reservoir chamber and a sample position in which the lower end extends through the lower outlet so as to extend into a sample cup when such is located below the said lower outlet, a sealing member being carried by the cannula to seal the upper outlet in the wash position and the lower outlet in the sample position of the cannula, and a suction zone being provided below the lower outlet adapted to be connected to a source of vacuum to prevent washing liquid passing from the lower outlet into a sample cup below the lower outlet.
  • a sampling probe as claimed in claim 1 in which an overflow tube leading from the upper outlet to a vent fitting is provided siphoning back.
  • vent fitting is provided with an upstanding vent tube to prevent overflow through the vent tube and has an outlet connection adapted to take an outlet of any desired length.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Sampling And Sample Adjustment (AREA)
US514510A 1973-10-16 1974-10-15 Sampling probes Expired - Lifetime US3911749A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB4811673 1973-10-16
GB571074*[A GB1445389A (en) 1973-10-16 1974-02-07 Sampling arrangements

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3911749A true US3911749A (en) 1975-10-14

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US514510A Expired - Lifetime US3911749A (en) 1973-10-16 1974-10-15 Sampling probes

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US (1) US3911749A (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html)
JP (1) JPS5068179A (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html)
BE (1) BE821111A (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html)
DE (1) DE2449052C3 (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html)
FR (1) FR2325034A1 (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html)
GB (1) GB1445389A (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html)
IT (1) IT1022930B (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html)
NL (1) NL7413500A (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html)

Cited By (32)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2382004A1 (fr) * 1977-02-25 1978-09-22 Waters Associates Inc Appareil et procede d'injection d'echantillons dans un appareil d'analyse, dispositif et procede de lavage de son conduit d'injection
US4140018A (en) * 1977-09-07 1979-02-20 Science Spectrum, Inc. Programmable action sampler system
FR2401412A1 (fr) * 1977-02-25 1979-03-23 Waters Associates Inc Appareil injecteur d'echantillons dans un appareil d'analyse et son dispositif d'etancheite
US4297903A (en) * 1980-04-24 1981-11-03 Beckman Instruments, Inc. Liquid transfer valve
US4463615A (en) * 1980-04-24 1984-08-07 Beckman Instruments, Inc. Liquid transfer valve
US4516437A (en) * 1983-03-23 1985-05-14 Coulter Corporation Microsample handling apparatus
US4621534A (en) * 1983-09-14 1986-11-11 Carlo Erba Strumentazione S.P.A. Automatic sample apparatus, valve and sampling method
FR2606885A1 (fr) * 1986-11-14 1988-05-20 Abx Sarl Dispositif de nettoyage d'une aiguille de prelevement d'un liquide
EP0253519A3 (en) * 1986-07-11 1988-07-27 Beckman Instruments, Inc. Sample handling system
EP0300894A1 (fr) * 1987-07-23 1989-01-25 Societe A.B.X. Dispositif pour la détermination du groupe sanguin d'un échantillon
EP0251087A3 (en) * 1986-06-23 1989-03-15 E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Movable cleaning assembly for an aspirating needle
US4888998A (en) * 1986-07-11 1989-12-26 Beckman Instruments, Inc. Sample handling system
US4891104A (en) * 1987-04-24 1990-01-02 Smithkline Diagnostics, Inc. Enzymatic electrode and electrode module and method of use
US4935106A (en) * 1985-11-15 1990-06-19 Smithkline Diagnostics, Inc. Ion selective/enzymatic electrode medical analyzer device and method of use
US4946651A (en) * 1985-11-15 1990-08-07 Smithkline Diagnostics, Inc. Sample holder for a body fluid analyzer
US5130095A (en) * 1989-03-13 1992-07-14 Beckman Instruments, Inc. Automatic chemistry analyzer
US5132233A (en) * 1989-03-13 1992-07-21 Beckman Instruments, Inc. Sample injection cell
EP0503003A4 (en) * 1989-12-01 1992-12-02 Akzo N.V. Apparatus and method for cleaning reagent delivery probes
US5213762A (en) * 1989-03-13 1993-05-25 Beckman Instruments, Inc. Automatic chemistry analyzer
US5223222A (en) * 1989-03-13 1993-06-29 Beckman Instruments, Inc. Automatic chemistry analyzer
US5279794A (en) * 1991-10-31 1994-01-18 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Probe washing unit and automatic analysis system having probe washing unit
US5474744A (en) * 1993-10-28 1995-12-12 Hoffmann-La Roche Inc. Automatic pipetting device with cleaning mechanism
EP0661542A3 (en) * 1993-12-20 1996-04-24 Toa Medical Electronics Pipette cleaning unit.
US20040052685A1 (en) * 1998-02-27 2004-03-18 Ventana Medical Systems, Inc. Automated molecular pathology apparatus having independent slide heaters
US20050244303A1 (en) * 2000-11-17 2005-11-03 Tecan Trading Ag Device for aspirating and dispensing liquid samples
EP1056541A4 (en) * 1998-02-27 2005-11-30 Ventana Med Syst Inc SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR VACUUMING AND DISPENSING A REAGENT
US7396508B1 (en) 2000-07-12 2008-07-08 Ventana Medical Systems, Inc. Automated molecular pathology apparatus having independent slide heaters
US20100037921A1 (en) * 2004-06-17 2010-02-18 Abbott Laboratories Probe washing cups and methods
US20110189713A1 (en) * 2007-08-03 2011-08-04 Roger Le Comte Device for the Preparation and Fractioned Dispensing of Fluid Samples, Dispensing System Including Such Device and Related Method
CN103521480A (zh) * 2012-07-06 2014-01-22 深圳市麦迪聪医疗电子有限公司 一种采样针的自动清洗装置及其方法
CN104690044A (zh) * 2015-03-09 2015-06-10 北京普立泰科仪器有限公司 一种防止交叉污染的主动型取样针清洗装置及清洗方法
CN116479853A (zh) * 2023-06-20 2023-07-25 河南科平工程检测咨询有限公司 一种水下桩基施工土质检测装置

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2482310A1 (fr) * 1980-05-09 1981-11-13 Prioux Alain Dispositif de transfert de liquide pour un appareil de prelevement ou de fourniture d'echantillons liquides
AT377366B (de) * 1981-05-25 1985-03-11 List Hans Analysengeraet, insbesondere zur untersuchung von fluessigkeitsproben
DE4318919A1 (de) * 1993-06-07 1994-12-08 Bodenseewerk Perkin Elmer Co Probendosiersystem
DE102005051279B4 (de) * 2005-10-26 2008-05-21 Endress + Hauser Conducta Gmbh + Co. Kg Armatur zur Aufnahme einer Messsonde
CN105057297B (zh) * 2015-07-14 2017-10-03 重庆南方数控设备有限责任公司 采样针清洗器

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3266322A (en) * 1964-06-15 1966-08-16 Technicon Instr Automatic liquid sample supply and wash apparatus for automatic analysis system
US3748911A (en) * 1970-12-29 1973-07-31 Hoffmann La Roche Device for taking samples of liquid specimens especially for the automatic analysis apparatus
US3759667A (en) * 1971-10-22 1973-09-18 Damon Corp Apparatus for aspirating precise volumes of fluid sample

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3719086A (en) * 1971-01-12 1973-03-06 Damon Corp Liquids sampler with probe-bathing chamber

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3266322A (en) * 1964-06-15 1966-08-16 Technicon Instr Automatic liquid sample supply and wash apparatus for automatic analysis system
US3748911A (en) * 1970-12-29 1973-07-31 Hoffmann La Roche Device for taking samples of liquid specimens especially for the automatic analysis apparatus
US3759667A (en) * 1971-10-22 1973-09-18 Damon Corp Apparatus for aspirating precise volumes of fluid sample

Cited By (41)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2382004A1 (fr) * 1977-02-25 1978-09-22 Waters Associates Inc Appareil et procede d'injection d'echantillons dans un appareil d'analyse, dispositif et procede de lavage de son conduit d'injection
FR2401412A1 (fr) * 1977-02-25 1979-03-23 Waters Associates Inc Appareil injecteur d'echantillons dans un appareil d'analyse et son dispositif d'etancheite
US4140018A (en) * 1977-09-07 1979-02-20 Science Spectrum, Inc. Programmable action sampler system
US4297903A (en) * 1980-04-24 1981-11-03 Beckman Instruments, Inc. Liquid transfer valve
US4463615A (en) * 1980-04-24 1984-08-07 Beckman Instruments, Inc. Liquid transfer valve
US4516437A (en) * 1983-03-23 1985-05-14 Coulter Corporation Microsample handling apparatus
US4621534A (en) * 1983-09-14 1986-11-11 Carlo Erba Strumentazione S.P.A. Automatic sample apparatus, valve and sampling method
US4935106A (en) * 1985-11-15 1990-06-19 Smithkline Diagnostics, Inc. Ion selective/enzymatic electrode medical analyzer device and method of use
US4946651A (en) * 1985-11-15 1990-08-07 Smithkline Diagnostics, Inc. Sample holder for a body fluid analyzer
EP0251087A3 (en) * 1986-06-23 1989-03-15 E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Movable cleaning assembly for an aspirating needle
EP0253519A3 (en) * 1986-07-11 1988-07-27 Beckman Instruments, Inc. Sample handling system
US4888998A (en) * 1986-07-11 1989-12-26 Beckman Instruments, Inc. Sample handling system
FR2606885A1 (fr) * 1986-11-14 1988-05-20 Abx Sarl Dispositif de nettoyage d'une aiguille de prelevement d'un liquide
EP0271383A1 (fr) * 1986-11-14 1988-06-15 Abx Dispositif de nettoyage d'une aiguille de prélèvement d'un liquide
US4817443A (en) * 1986-11-14 1989-04-04 A.B.X. Device for cleaning a liquid sample taking needle
US4891104A (en) * 1987-04-24 1990-01-02 Smithkline Diagnostics, Inc. Enzymatic electrode and electrode module and method of use
FR2618559A1 (fr) * 1987-07-23 1989-01-27 Abx Sa Dispositif pour la determination du groupe sanguin d'un echantillon
EP0300894A1 (fr) * 1987-07-23 1989-01-25 Societe A.B.X. Dispositif pour la détermination du groupe sanguin d'un échantillon
US5223222A (en) * 1989-03-13 1993-06-29 Beckman Instruments, Inc. Automatic chemistry analyzer
US5130095A (en) * 1989-03-13 1992-07-14 Beckman Instruments, Inc. Automatic chemistry analyzer
US5132233A (en) * 1989-03-13 1992-07-21 Beckman Instruments, Inc. Sample injection cell
US5213762A (en) * 1989-03-13 1993-05-25 Beckman Instruments, Inc. Automatic chemistry analyzer
EP0503003A4 (en) * 1989-12-01 1992-12-02 Akzo N.V. Apparatus and method for cleaning reagent delivery probes
US5279794A (en) * 1991-10-31 1994-01-18 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Probe washing unit and automatic analysis system having probe washing unit
US5474744A (en) * 1993-10-28 1995-12-12 Hoffmann-La Roche Inc. Automatic pipetting device with cleaning mechanism
EP0661542A3 (en) * 1993-12-20 1996-04-24 Toa Medical Electronics Pipette cleaning unit.
US5592959A (en) * 1993-12-20 1997-01-14 Toa Medical Electronics Co., Ltd. Pipet washing apparatus
US20040052685A1 (en) * 1998-02-27 2004-03-18 Ventana Medical Systems, Inc. Automated molecular pathology apparatus having independent slide heaters
EP1056541A4 (en) * 1998-02-27 2005-11-30 Ventana Med Syst Inc SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR VACUUMING AND DISPENSING A REAGENT
US7396508B1 (en) 2000-07-12 2008-07-08 Ventana Medical Systems, Inc. Automated molecular pathology apparatus having independent slide heaters
US7727476B2 (en) * 2000-11-17 2010-06-01 Tecan Trading Ag Device for aspirating and dispensing liquid samples
US20050244303A1 (en) * 2000-11-17 2005-11-03 Tecan Trading Ag Device for aspirating and dispensing liquid samples
US20100037921A1 (en) * 2004-06-17 2010-02-18 Abbott Laboratories Probe washing cups and methods
US8171946B2 (en) * 2004-06-17 2012-05-08 Abbott Laboratories Probe washing cups and methods
US20110189713A1 (en) * 2007-08-03 2011-08-04 Roger Le Comte Device for the Preparation and Fractioned Dispensing of Fluid Samples, Dispensing System Including Such Device and Related Method
US8623297B2 (en) * 2007-08-03 2014-01-07 Horiba Abx Sas Device for the preparation and fractioned dispensing of fluid samples, dispensing system including such device and related method
CN103521480A (zh) * 2012-07-06 2014-01-22 深圳市麦迪聪医疗电子有限公司 一种采样针的自动清洗装置及其方法
CN103521480B (zh) * 2012-07-06 2016-10-26 深圳市麦迪聪医疗电子有限公司 一种采样针的自动清洗装置的清洗方法
CN104690044A (zh) * 2015-03-09 2015-06-10 北京普立泰科仪器有限公司 一种防止交叉污染的主动型取样针清洗装置及清洗方法
CN116479853A (zh) * 2023-06-20 2023-07-25 河南科平工程检测咨询有限公司 一种水下桩基施工土质检测装置
CN116479853B (zh) * 2023-06-20 2023-09-08 河南科平工程检测咨询有限公司 一种水下桩基施工土质检测装置

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
BE821111A (fr) 1975-02-17
DE2449052C3 (de) 1979-02-01
IT1022930B (it) 1978-04-20
DE2449052A1 (de) 1975-05-07
JPS5068179A (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html) 1975-06-07
FR2325034A1 (fr) 1977-04-15
NL7413500A (nl) 1975-04-18
DE2449052B2 (de) 1978-04-20
FR2325034B1 (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html) 1979-08-24
GB1445389A (en) 1976-08-11

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