US3911335A - Method of and apparatus for forming electrostatic latent images - Google Patents

Method of and apparatus for forming electrostatic latent images Download PDF

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Publication number
US3911335A
US3911335A US503058A US50305874A US3911335A US 3911335 A US3911335 A US 3911335A US 503058 A US503058 A US 503058A US 50305874 A US50305874 A US 50305874A US 3911335 A US3911335 A US 3911335A
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United States
Prior art keywords
image forming
conductive
grounding
electrostatic latent
conductive layer
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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US503058A
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English (en)
Inventor
Isoji Takahashi
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Fujifilm Holdings Corp
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Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G15/00—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern
    • G03G15/22—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern involving the combination of more than one step according to groups G03G13/02 - G03G13/20
    • G03G15/32—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern involving the combination of more than one step according to groups G03G13/02 - G03G13/20 in which the charge pattern is formed dotwise, e.g. by a thermal head
    • G03G15/321—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern involving the combination of more than one step according to groups G03G13/02 - G03G13/20 in which the charge pattern is formed dotwise, e.g. by a thermal head by charge transfer onto the recording material in accordance with the image
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G15/00—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern
    • G03G15/22—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern involving the combination of more than one step according to groups G03G13/02 - G03G13/20

Definitions

  • the image forming plate having the insulating recessed portions is subjected to a corona discharge made by a corona charger.
  • the conductive layer is grounded by a grounding means provided in contact with the surface of the image forming plate.
  • the grounding means the potential of the isolated conductive parts of the image forming plate is lowered to prevent the discharge between the isolated conductive parts.
  • grounding wires or grounding rollers which are grounded are provided in contact with a drum or an endless belt on which the image forming plate is carried so that the surface of the conductive layer of the image forming plate may be grounded thereby.
  • This invention relates to a method of and apparatus for forming an electrostatic latent image, and more particularly to a method of forming an electrostatic latent image on an electrostatic latent image forming plate which has a conductive surface with insulating recessed portions formed in the shape of an image to be obtained thereon and to an apparatus for carrying out the method.
  • electrically isolated island like conductive parts are formed surrounded by the insulating recessed portions formed in the shape of an image.
  • an electrostatic latent image in the form of O is formed on the image forming plate which has an O- shaped annular insulating recessed portion and a circular electrically isolated island like conductive part surrounded thereby.
  • charges on the isolated conductive part remain thereon without being neutralized even if the conductive background part of the image surrounding the annular insulating recessed portion is grounded. The charges remaining on the isolated conductive part deteriorate the performance of image formation.
  • the above described method employing conductive meshes provided in contact with the isolated conductive parts is, however, disadvantageous in the following points.
  • the primary object of the present invention is to provide a method of forming an electrostatic latent image on an image forming plate of the above described type in which no means for grounding the material is provided in the image forming plate itself.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a method of forming an electrostatic latent image on an image forming plate having insulating recessed portions on a conductive surface in which the gas discharge between the adjacent conductive parts of the plate is prevented.
  • Still another object of the present invention is to provide an apparatus for forming an electrostatic latent image on an image forming plate having on a conductive surface insulating recessed portions formed in the shape of an image to be obtained.
  • the conductive surface having insulating recesses of an image forming plate is grounded in a charging process to prevent the discharge between isolated conductive parts thereof. Further, after the charging process, the conductive surface is grounded again to neutralize the charges thereon.
  • the image forming apparatus in accordance with the present invention employs a plurality of wires or rollers brought into contact with the conductive surface of the image forming plate for grounding the conductive surface during the charging process of the same.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing an example of the electrostatic latent image forming plate used in this invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic sectional elevational view showing an embodiment of the latent image forming apparatus in accordance with the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic horizontal sectional view showing the embodiment of the apparatus as shown in FIG. 2 taken along the line lII--III of FIG. 2,
  • FIG. 4 is a plan view showing an example of a grounding wire device employed in this invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a plan view showing another example of a grounding wire device employed in this invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic sectional elevational view showing another embodiment of the image forming apparatus in accordance with the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic sectional elevational view showing still another embodiment of the image forming apparatus in accordance with the present invention.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic side view showing a further embodiment of the image forming apparatus in accordance with the present invention.
  • the image forming plate 1 comprises a substrate 2 at least the surface of which is insulating and a conductive layer 3 deposited thereon.
  • the substrate 2 is made of highly dielectric material such as polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene, polystyrene, polypropylene, polyester, polyvinylidene chloride, cellulose triacetate and the like.
  • the substrate 2 may be made of material of comparatively low resistance such as metal foil or paper covered with dielectric material as the above mentioned resins.
  • the conductive layer 3 is a thin film of metal such as cupper, tin, zinc, aluminium, silver, gold and so forth or may be a thin film comprising fine particles of said metal, alloy or carbon dispersed in a proper binder coated in a thin film layer on the substrate 2.
  • the image forming plate 1 as described above is provided with recessed portions 4 shaped in the form of the image desired to be obtained.
  • the insulating surface of the substrate 2 is exposed at the bottom of the recessed portions 4.
  • the recessed portions 4 can be made by chemically removing the conductive layer 3 by the art of etching or may be mechanically removed by use of a scraping means such as a steel pen.
  • various known means are used to remove the conductive layer from the surface of the substrate to form the recessed portions 4.
  • a character of O which is a combination of a letter of Q and a sign of is formed with recessed portions 4a and 4b.
  • the recessed portions 4a and 4b are formed three conductive parts 3a, 3b and 36.
  • One cgnductive part 3a is the background of the character Q and the other two conductive parts 31) and 3c are electrically isolated island like conductive parts.
  • the depth of the recessed portions 4 is preferably not less than Suand the surface resistance of the recessed portions 4 is preferably not less than 10 so that the charges may remain thereon for a predetermined time.
  • the surface resistance of the conductive layer 3 is preferably not more than 10 so that the surface thereof may easily be grounded.
  • the structure of the image forming plate used in the present invention is not limited to that shown in FIG. 1.
  • an intermediate layer made of insulating material which is easily peeled off may be interposed between the substrate 2 and the conductive layer 3 so that the conductive layer 3 may easily be removed from the surface of the substrate together with the intermediate layer or it may be assured that the bottom surface of the recessed portion become insulating even if the intermediate layer is left at the bottom of the recessed portions 4 on the surface of the substrate 2.
  • a feed drum 10 mounted to a shaft 11 is rotatable about the shaft 1 1 and has a conductive surface which is grounded.
  • the shaft 11 is supported at the opposite ends thereof by a pair of parallel side plates 12 and is rotated in the counterclockwise direction as indicated by an arrow 13in FIG. 2 by means of a motor M, for instance.
  • a feed-in roller 14 In contact with the surface of the drum 10 are arranged a feed-in roller 14, a grounding wire device 15 and a feed-out roller 16 in this order in the direction of rotation of the drum 10.
  • corona charger 19 comprising a corona electrode 17 impressed with a high DC. voltage and a grounded shield 18.
  • the drum 10 is made of metal such as iron, cupper, aluminium, duralumin, brass, stainless steel and so forth.
  • the feed-in roller 14 comprises, for instance, a metal shaft and a rubber coating made of rubber material having hardness of 10 to such as natural rubber, neoprene, Buna rubber, butyl rubber, SBR, silicone rubber and the like.
  • the rubber coating provided on the metal shaft of the feed-in roller 14 may contain conductive powder as of carbon, or may be made of the same material as that of the drum '10.
  • the feed-out roller 16 which grounds the surface of the image forming plate 1 may be made of the same material as that of the feed-in roller 14 and should preferably be made of rigid conductive material so as not to damage the latent image formed in said recessed portions of the plate 1.
  • the feed-out roller 16 is grounded by proper means.
  • the feed-in roller 14 and the feed-out roller 16 are rotatably supported and spring urged to be in press contact with the surface of the feed drum 10 by means of a proper spring means such as a plate spring, a coil spring and the like.
  • the grounding wire device 15 comprises, as shown in FIG. 3, a rectangular frame 22 and a plurality of grounding wires 15a tensioned in parallel with each other and fixed to the frame 22 by means of springs 21 fixed at the opposite ends of the grounding wires 15a.
  • the grounding wires 15a are urged to be in contact with the surface of the feed drum 10 by the force of the springs 21.
  • the grounding wires 15a are made of conductive material such as tungsten, molybdenum, cupper, iron, brass, phosphor bronze, stainless steel and the like and has the diameter of 10 to 500p" As shown in the drawing, the grounding wires 15a are tensioned obliquely with respect to the feeding direction of the feed drum 10.
  • the pitch of the parallel arrangement of the grounding wires 15a is determined so that at least one wire 15a may exist in contact with the surface of the drum 10 in the charging region 23 where the surface of the drum 10 receives corona ions generated from the corona electrode 17 of the corona charger 19 on a line L extending in the feeding direction of the drum 10.
  • two wires 15a are in contact with the surface of the drum 10 on the line L in said region 23.
  • the image forming plate 1 comprising the substrate 2 and the conductive layer 3 having recessed portions 4 formed in the shape of the image desired to be obtained is inserted between the feed-in roller l4 and the feed drum with the substrate 2 put in contact with the surface of the feed drum 10 as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, and accordingly, with the conductive layer 3 having the recessed portions 4 faced outside.
  • the image forming plate 1 inserted between the drum 10 and the feed-in roller 14 is carried by the feed drum l0 and fed in slide contact with the grounding wires 15a through the charging region 23. While the image forming plate 1 advances through the charging region 23, the surface of the conductive layer 3 slides on the grounding wires 15a in contact therewith. Since any part of the surface of the conductive layer 3 is brought into contact with the grounding wires 15a at least once, any part of the surface of the conductive layer 3 is grounded. Accordingly, any island like isolated part of the conductive layer 3 is grounded however small it may be.
  • the surface of the conductive layer 3 and the recessed portions 4 are charged with the corona ions coming from the corona electrode 17 of the corona charger 19.
  • Charges on the conductive surface 3 are, however, neutralized by the grounding wires 15a when the surface is brought into contact with the grounding wires 15a. Since the conductive layer 3 is grounded during the charging process while the image forming plate 1 passes through the charging region 23, the potential of the conductive layer 3 including the electrically isolated island like parts 3b and 3c is lowered. Therefore, the potential difference between the adjacent isolated conductive parts is reduced, and consequently, the gas discharge therebetween is prevented.
  • the background portion 3a is always in contact with the grounding wires 15a and accordingly the potential thereof is always zero.
  • the isolated parts 3b and 3c of small area are grounded for a short period during the charging process. By the short period grounding of the isolated parts, the potential of the isolated parts is lowered to such a level that no discharge may occur between isolated parts or between the isolated parts and the surrounding conductive part.
  • the image forming plate 1 is then brought into contact with the grounded feed-out roller 16 and the conductive layer 3 is completely grounded.
  • the material coated on the feed-out roller 16 is rigid, the surface of the feed-out roller 16 does not contact the surface of the bottom of the recessed portions 4, but contacts only the surface of the conductive layer 3. Therefore, the electrostatic latent image formed on the image forming plate 1 is not damaged by the feed-out roller 16.
  • the depth of the recessed portions 4 is made not less than 5p, the discharge between the feedout roller 16 and the recessed portions 4 is also prevented, and accordingly, the electrostatic latent image is completely protected.
  • the arrangement of the grounding wires 15a is not limited to that shown in FIG. 3 and may be such that shown in FIGS. 4 and 5.
  • the second example of the grounding wire device is shown in FIG. 4 in which the grounding wires 15b obliquely tensioned in the frame 22 are provided symmetrically with respect to the center line CL along the direction of feed of the feed drum 10 to expand obliquely in the opposite directions from the center line CL.
  • grounding wires 15c whichare obliquely tensioned in the frame 22 in an obliquely Y crossed lattice pattern.
  • the wires 15c obliquely extending in a lattice pattern in the frame 22 are also symmetrical with respect to the center line CL. Therefore,- the image forming plate 1 fed in slide contact with the wires is also smoothly fed without being biased laterally.
  • the wires 15b or 150 in the second and third examples of the grounding wire device intersect in the frame 22, the intersections do not bring any problem in the image formation if the wires are made sufficiently thin.
  • like elements are designated with like numerals and the description thereof is omitted with reference to FIGS. 4 and 5.
  • FIG. 6 Another embodiment of the apparatus for forming an electrostatic latent image is illustrated in FIG. 6, in which the same elements as those shown in FIG. 2 are indicated with the same numerals and the description thereof is omitted here.
  • the grounding wires 15d employed in this embodiment are tensioned between nails 32 arranged in aline at the lower end of a pair of spring plates 31 supported by a pair of parallel support bars 30, respectively.
  • the support bars 30 are fixed to the side plates 12 by proper fixing means.
  • the wires 15d are tensionedobliquely and in parallel with each other similarly to those shown'in FIGS. 4 and 5. Since the wires 15d can easily be tensioned between the pair of spring plates 31 by simply tensioning the wire around the nails 32, the grounding wire device employed in this apparatus is easily manufactured.
  • the spring plates 31 are made of elastic material such as phosphor bronze, spring steel and the like having the thickness of 0.1 to 0.5mm. I
  • grounding wires 15a, 15b, 15c and 15d are tensioned obliquely with respect to'the feeding direction of the feed drum 10 in the above described embodiments, it should be understood that the wires may be tensioned in the direction orthogonal to the feeding direction.
  • FIG. 7 Still another embodiment of the apparatus for forming an electrostatic latent image in accordance with the present invention is shown in FIG. 7 in which the same elements as those shown in the above described er'nbodiments are indicated with the same numerals.
  • grounding rollers 40 of small diameter are employed for grounding the surface of the conductive layer 3 of the image forming plate 1 instead of said grounding wires 15a, 15b, 15c and 15d.
  • the grounding rollers 40 are grounded and arranged in parallel with each other in contact with the surface of the drum 10 in the charging region23. Further, the grounding rollers 40 are arranged at intervals with the space of d made therebetween.
  • the grounding rollers 40 are rotatably supported by the side plates 12.
  • grounding rollers 40 be movable up and down and downwardly urged onto the surface of the drum 10 by spring means such as spring plates or coil springs.
  • the grounding rollers 40 are made of rigid metal having a smooth surface such as stainless steel, cupper, aluminium, duralumin, brass and the like.
  • the diameter of the rollers 40 which is determined with reference to the width of the charging region 23 measured in the feeding direction and the amount of corona ions generated from the corona electrode 17 of the corona charger 19, should preferably be 2 to 30mm.
  • the interval d between the adjacent grounding rollers 40 which is determined with reference to the width of the charging region 23, the amount of the corona ions and the diameter of the grounding rollers 40 should preferably be I to mm.
  • the surface of the conductive layer 3 of the image forming plate 1 is grounded by the grounding .rollers 40 while the plate 1 passes through the charging region .23 being carried by the feed drum 10 in contact with the grounding rollers 40. Since the isolated parts of the conductive layer 3 are grounded, the potential of the isolated parts is lowered and the gas discharge between the isolated conductive parts is prevented. Therefore, the electrostatic latent image is not damaged through the charging process.
  • FIG. 8 A further embodiment of the apparatus for forming an electrostatic latent image on an image forming plate having insulating recessed portions on a conductive layer is illustrated in FIG. 8 in which elements similar to those shown in FIGS. 2 to 7 are indicated with similar reference numerals.
  • an endless belt 42 at least the surface of which is conductive is tensioned between a pair of feed rollers 41 and runs in the direction as shown with an arrow 43.
  • the image forming plate I is carried on the endless belt 42.
  • a number of grounding rollers 40 are rotatably provided in contact with the endless belt 42.
  • the endless belt 42 is made of metal thin film as of stainless steel, cupper, brass and the like and has the thickness of 0.05 to 0.2mm.
  • the endless belt 42 may be composed of a film of synthetic resin such as polyester, polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene, polypropylene, cellulose acetate and the like and a coating layer of metal such as aluminium, cupper, tin, zinc and the like vacuum evaporated or plated thereon.
  • a film of synthetic resin such as polyester, polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene, polypropylene, cellulose acetate and the like
  • metal such as aluminium, cupper, tin, zinc and the like vacuum evaporated or plated thereon.
  • the electrostatic latent image formed on the image forming plate 1 is not damaged through the charging process.
  • Method of forming an electrostatic latent image on an image forming member composedof a substrate at least the surface of which is insulating and a conductive layer deposited thereon, said conductive layer being removed to form recessed portions having an insulating bottom surface in the shape of the image desired to be obtained and form a plurality of electrically isolated conductive parts on the substrate, comprising the steps of;
  • Method of forming an electrostatic latent image on an image forming member as defined in claim 1 wherein said step of uniformly charging the surface of the image forming plate is conducted by feeding the image forming plate on a grounded feeding means through a corona charging region in which corona ions are applied on the image forming plate, and said step of grounding the conductive layer in the uniformly charging step is conducted by feeding the image forming plate in slide contact with a grounding means stationarily provided in said charging region.
  • Apparatus for forming an electrostatic latent image on an image forming member composed of a substrate at least the surface of which is insulating and a conductive layer deposited thereon, said conductive layer being removed to form recessed portions having an insulating bottom surface in the shape of the image desired to be obtained and form a plurality of electrically isolated conductive parts on the substrate, comprising in combination;
  • a feeding means for feeding the image forming member througha predetermined passage
  • a corona charging means provided on the way of said passage for uniformly charging the surface of the image forming member with corona ions when the member passes thereby,
  • a conductive backing member provided opposite to said corona charging means for supporting the back of said substrate of the image forming member when the image forming member passes by the corona charging means
  • a first grounding means provided between said charging means and said backing member to be brought into contact with the surface of said conductive layer of the image forming member when the image forming member passes by the corona charging means for grounding the surface of the conductive layer
  • a second grounding means provided downstream said charging means to be brought into contact with the surface of the conductive layer of the image forming member for further grounding the surface of the conductive layer.
  • said first grounding means comprises grounded meshed grounding wires spring urged to be in contact with the surface of the conductive backing member.
  • said first grounding means comprises a plurality of rollers having a grounded conductive surface spring urged to be' in contact with the surface of the conductive backing member.
  • Apparatus for forming an electrostatic latent image as defined in claim 3 wherein said feeding means comprises a drum having a conductive surface, a feedin roller rotatable in contact with the drum and a feedout roller rotatable in contact with the drum.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Printing Methods (AREA)
  • Printers Or Recording Devices Using Electromagnetic And Radiation Means (AREA)
  • Electrostatic Charge, Transfer And Separation In Electrography (AREA)
US503058A 1973-09-07 1974-09-04 Method of and apparatus for forming electrostatic latent images Expired - Lifetime US3911335A (en)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP48100827A JPS5753195B2 (fr) 1973-09-07 1973-09-07

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JP (1) JPS5753195B2 (fr)
GB (1) GB1451516A (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5381214A (en) * 1992-04-20 1995-01-10 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Electrophotographic charging device

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3220324A (en) * 1963-11-12 1965-11-30 Xerox Corp Photoconductively controlled corona charging
US3248216A (en) * 1961-03-28 1966-04-26 Gen Aniline & Film Corp Process and apparatus for half-tone electrophotography
US3449568A (en) * 1966-12-27 1969-06-10 Xerox Corp Corona discharge apparatus for creating an electrostatic charge pattern on a xerographic surface
US3723111A (en) * 1970-12-23 1973-03-27 Konishiroku Photo Ind Method of grounding for an electronic photosensitive plate

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3248216A (en) * 1961-03-28 1966-04-26 Gen Aniline & Film Corp Process and apparatus for half-tone electrophotography
US3220324A (en) * 1963-11-12 1965-11-30 Xerox Corp Photoconductively controlled corona charging
US3449568A (en) * 1966-12-27 1969-06-10 Xerox Corp Corona discharge apparatus for creating an electrostatic charge pattern on a xerographic surface
US3723111A (en) * 1970-12-23 1973-03-27 Konishiroku Photo Ind Method of grounding for an electronic photosensitive plate

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5381214A (en) * 1992-04-20 1995-01-10 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Electrophotographic charging device

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JPS5064013A (fr) 1975-05-30
GB1451516A (en) 1976-10-06
JPS5753195B2 (fr) 1982-11-11

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