US3910058A - Construction of immersed structures - Google Patents

Construction of immersed structures Download PDF

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Publication number
US3910058A
US3910058A US485102A US48510274A US3910058A US 3910058 A US3910058 A US 3910058A US 485102 A US485102 A US 485102A US 48510274 A US48510274 A US 48510274A US 3910058 A US3910058 A US 3910058A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
shield
ring
water
space
cavity
Prior art date
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Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US485102A
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English (en)
Inventor
Paul H Fouillade
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DUMEX TRAVAUX PUBLICS
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DUMEX TRAVAUX PUBLICS
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Application filed by DUMEX TRAVAUX PUBLICS filed Critical DUMEX TRAVAUX PUBLICS
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Publication of US3910058A publication Critical patent/US3910058A/en
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D25/00—Joining caissons, sinkers, or other units to each other under water
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L1/00—Laying or reclaiming pipes; Repairing or joining pipes on or under water
    • F16L1/12—Laying or reclaiming pipes on or under water
    • F16L1/16—Laying or reclaiming pipes on or under water on the bottom

Definitions

  • the [30] Forelgn Apphcatlon Pnor'ty Data skirt carries an elastic seal which contacts the struc- July 5, 1973 France 73.24817 ture and seals one end f said Space against the ingress of fluid, and a ring within the skirt and adjacent the [52] U.S. Cl; 61/85; 61/36 A; 61/43 end f said portion of the structure and provided with [51] Illlt. Cl.
  • EZID 9/24 l ti als engaging respectively the end of the t [58] held of Search 61/84 85, 36 45 ture and the interior of the skirt seals the opposite end of said space.
  • Refrigerated water is supplied to said [56] References C'ted space from the skirt and the hollow portion of the UNITED STATES PATENTS skirt has at least one cooling coil through which a re- 1,296,312 3/1919 ORourke 61/85 frigerating fluid is passed to freeze the Water in Said 3,195,310 7/1965 Schroeder 6l/36 A space n h reby f rm a se ling plug of ice between the skirt and said portion of the structure.
  • the present invention applies to the 'submarineconstruction in successive sections of tunnels for the passage of pedestrians, road or rail vehicles, various materials, etc. and pipes carrying various liquids such as drinking water, waste water, etc.
  • the present invention relates to a process and apparatus for producing, when constructing a linear immersed structure in a substantially normal atmosphere, the sealing between the final member of the structure constructed and the terminal portion of a caisson shield which covers the said member in order to define a working enclosure in which a new member can be'constructed.
  • the object of the invention is to obtain rapidly and with maximum efficiency the sealing of this joint up to a relatively large immersion depth, both when the caisson shield is locked on the final members constructed so as to permit the construction of a new member and when the shield is moved towards the front in order to free a new atmospheric space in the immersed zone for the construction of a member.
  • a further object of the invention is to make the sealing automatic and completely resistant to the hydrostatic pressure of the atmosphere.
  • the process consists of causing a liquid penetrate between the last member constructed and the terminal portion of the caisson shield and then cooling thisliquid to form a solid sealing plug preventing the passage of the ambient liquid.
  • the circulation of the water is interrupted when the temperature of these walls is sufficiently low and this water is further cooled through the outer wall formed by the terminal portion of the caisson shield until ice is formed, becomes completely firm and remains extant while work is being carried out.
  • the invention also extends to an apparatus for performing this process.
  • the apparatus is applied to a caisson shield whose lateral, cylindrical or parallel facetted jacket covers the final member constructed and whereof the base is coupled to a feed and-stopping device which is supported on at least one of the existing members.
  • a tubular cavity is provided between the outer surface of the final member constructed and an inner wall of the terminal portion of the caisson shield, whereby the said cavity issues to the outside into the ambient liquid.
  • At least one coil surrounding on the outside the aboveindicated inner wall is applied against this wall in such a way as to provide good frigorific transfer conditions through the said wall.
  • a cold source supplies a refrigerating fluid to the coil and causes it to circulate therein.
  • the cold source can comprise liquid nitrogen cylinders or a refrigerating unit.
  • FIG. 1 is a vertical axial section of the caisson shield and its sealing apparatus according to the invention
  • FIG. 2 is a cross-section along the line IIII of FIG.
  • FIG. 3 is a view identical to that of FIG. 1 showing on a larger scale the complete sealing apparatus;
  • FIG. 4 is a view identical to that of FIG. 3 illustrating on a still larger scale the part of the apparatus permitting the formation of a solid plug by freezing a liquid.
  • a reinforced concrete pipe 1 whereof tubular portions 2 are constructed successively and end to end.
  • This pipe forms a route for the passage of vehicles, pedestrians and var ious materials.
  • it can form a submarine or subfluvial passage or tunnel for pedestrians, road vehicles, trains, subways, etc. and can also form a pipe system for sewers or for discharging waste water out to sea.
  • the apparatus comprises a caisson shield 3 with a base 4 and a lateral tubular skirt 5 whose cross-section is such that it covers, with an adequate clearance, by means of its free end the already constructed portion of the pipe 1.
  • This caisson shield 3 must be solidly anchored to this portion of the pipe to resist the hydrostatic pressure of the ambient water on the base 4 while a new tubular section 2 n 1 is being constructed. It must also be movable forwards by the length of one section 2 when, with section 2 n 1 completed, a new atmospheric space is to be isolated from the liquid medium for the construction of the next section.
  • the base 4 of the caisson shield is integral with a shaft 6 extending coaxially with the jacket 3 and supporting both an expansible formwork 7 and an anchoring head 8.
  • the outer retractable wall of formwork 7 is equipped with projecting cores 9 which serve to form in sections 2 gripping slots 10 distributed in equiangular mannen Moreover, in the retracted position,
  • the formwork 7 can be moved along the shaft 6 by means of jacks 11 supported in both directions on the said shaft.
  • the anchoring head 8, which is integral with the latter, is equipped with radially movable crampirons 12 and operated by jacks 13 which make them project sufficiently to permit them to enter the slots of a section 2 and grip therein or cause them to retract so that this section cannot oppose the axial displacement of head 8, shaft 6 and caisson shield 3.
  • a ring 14 is arranged within the lateral tubular jacket of the caisson shield. It is connected to jacks 15 supported on the latter for its movement in axial translation following a course identical to that of form 7 and therefore to the length of sections 2.
  • section 2 n when section 2 n is completed, the jacks 15 are actuated in order to move ring 14 forwards, thereby freeing the space wherein a new section 2 n 1 must be constructed.
  • the reinforcements thereof are then fitted and bound to the projecting portion of those of section 2 n.
  • a plastic foam packing 16 can also be applied to the jacket 5 permitting the subsequent easy displacement thereof without danger of jamming or seizing.
  • the formwork 7 is then retracted in order to remove section 2 n from the mold and completely extract cores 9 from the slots 10 in the latter.
  • caisson shield 3 adequately resists the hydrostatic pressure of the atmosphere and can be moved forwards by a distance equal to the length of one section by means of the jacks 11 supported on the said formwork.
  • skirt or jacket 5 has an outer wall 17 and an inner wall 18 interconnected by means of annular bulkheads 19,20 in such a way as to define a tubular refrigerating chamber 21.
  • One or more coils located in chamber 21 are thermally connected e.g. by welding to inner wall 18.
  • the said chamber 21 is filled with an insulating material, such as injected polyurethane foam.
  • the coil or coils 22 are connected to a refrigerating source 23 supplying a refrigerating fluid.
  • the refrigerating source can comprise liquid nitrogen cylinders or a refrigerating unit in a sealed case 24 integral with outer wall 17 and located above the same. Obviously, the circulation of the refrigerating fluid and its interruption are controlled by any appropriate means and more particularly by a valve 25.
  • the inner wall 18 delimits with the outer surface of a section 2 a tubular cavity 26 blocked at its ends by a ring 14 and an elastic joint 27 respectively.
  • This joint comprises a thick ring 28 fixed by means of studs 29 and a counter-flange 30 between bulkhead and extended by a lip 31 which is applied against the packing 16 of the cooperating section.
  • cavity 26 is filled with the ambient water and is frozen by the refrigerating wall 18. Therefore, an ice plug is formed which ensures the sealing between the jacket 5 of the caisson shield and the last section constructed 2 n. Thus, no leak can enter the working area within the caisson shield and the construction of a new section 2 n 1 can be started.
  • the ambient water entering cavity 26 can contain corrosive particles or particles which can destroy the sealing e.g. mud, sand, algae, etc.
  • the temperature of this water is relatively higher than the freezing temperature, particularly since on coming into contact with the concrete of section 2 n which evolves heat during curing the water in cavity 26 tends to heat up. Therefore the freezing period of the ice plug may become too long for the construction programme of the structure.
  • a toroidal tubular ring 32 for distributing the refrigerating water.
  • This ring is connected via a valve 33 to a pure water pipe 34 which traverses a refrigerating source 35, e.g. a refrigerating unit (FIG. 1).
  • Ring 32 and wall 18 define apertures 36 issuing into cavity 26 close to ring 14.
  • the pure cold water expels the ambient water in this cavity, together with the impurities by raising lip 31 of joint 27.
  • its circulation cools section 2 n of jacket 5.
  • the cold water is kept under pressure by progressively decreasing the flow rate until it is eliminated by means of valve 33.
  • the coil or coils 22 is then connected by means of the other valve to the refrigerating source 23 which supplies a refrigerating fluid which can be e.g. between 20 and C, in such a way that the solidification of the ice plug is very rapid.
  • ring 14 is provided with both a U-shaped peripheral annular elastic joint 37 ensuring the sealing between the said ring and the inner wall 18 of jacket 5 and at least one toroidal elastic joint 38 ensuring the sealing between the said ring and the front surface 40 of the last section constructed 2 n 1.
  • the invention can be used in all cases where, in order to construct a linear immersed structure by means of juxtaposed and aligned members, it is necessary to ensure the sealing between the last member constructed and a caisson shield covering the same in order to delimit a space isolated from the ambient liquid and wherein the air is renewed at atmospheric pressure.
  • the apparatus forming the object of the invention is applicable to the submarine construction of tunnels for the passage of pedestrians, road or rail vehicles, various materials etc. and to pipes carrying various liquids such as drinking water, waste water, etc.
  • a method of constructing in a substantially normal atmosphere a linear structure immersed in a fluid in which method a portion of the structure to be added to previously formed such structure is constructed within a tubular caisson shield having a portion surrounding and spaced from said previously formed structure to provide a space between said shield and said lastmentioned structure and extending around the latter, the step of sealing said shield to said lastmentioned structure by introducing into said space a liquid which can be made solid by cooling and by cooling said liquid until it is solid.
  • Means for constructing a linear structure immersed in a fluid comprising a tubular caisson shield having an open end with a skirt portion extending therearound, a feeding and stepping device coupled to said shield for stepwise advancement of the latter and extending outwardly of said open end, said device having means engageable with a previously formed portion of said structure for supporting said device during said stepwise advancement of said shield, said skirt portion having an inner wall adapted to extend around said structure in spaced relation thereto to define an annular cavity between said wall and said structure, at least one tube coil on said skirt portion in good thermal connection with said wall, and means for passing a refrigerating fluid through said coil for freezing water within said cavity and thereby provide a seal between said shield and said structure.
  • Constructing means as set forth in claim 4 further comprising a ring slidably mounted in said shield for movement away from said cavity and further comprising an activator extending between said shield and said ring for moving said ring with respect to said shield, an elastomeric seal on the periphery of said ring and engaging the inner wall of said shield and at least one further elastomeric seal on the surface of said ring facing toward said cavity for engaging and providing a seal with said structure.
  • skirt portion has a free end and further comprising an elastomeric seal carried by said skirt portion at said free end, said seal having a lip engageable with said structure to close one end of said cavity, a bulkhead within said shield and spaced from said free end for closing the opposite end of said cavity, a tubular ring on said skirt portion intermediate said free end and said bulkhead and having apertures therein extending to the interior of said skirt portion for supplying refrigerated water to said cavity, and means for delivering refrigerated water to said ring, including a pump, a filter, and a refrigerating unit.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Paleontology (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Revetment (AREA)
  • Lining And Supports For Tunnels (AREA)
  • Excavating Of Shafts Or Tunnels (AREA)
US485102A 1973-07-05 1974-07-02 Construction of immersed structures Expired - Lifetime US3910058A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR7324817A FR2236371A5 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1973-07-05 1973-07-05

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3910058A true US3910058A (en) 1975-10-07

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US485102A Expired - Lifetime US3910058A (en) 1973-07-05 1974-07-02 Construction of immersed structures

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US (1) US3910058A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
BR (1) BR7405478D0 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE2431880A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR2236371A5 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5346331A (en) * 1991-10-18 1994-09-13 Phoenix Aktiengesellschaft Shield tail sealing
KR100436879B1 (ko) * 2002-07-16 2004-06-23 건양씨앤이 주식회사 간이 동결 강관추진공법 및 그 장치
US10253904B1 (en) * 2017-11-03 2019-04-09 Cccc Highway Consultants Co., Ltd. Integrated immersed tube coupling and installation method thereof as well as installation closure method of immersed tube coupling
US11313099B2 (en) * 2019-01-23 2022-04-26 Daewoo Engineering & Construction Co., Ltd Flexible joint connecting device of precast body segment, precast body segment joining-type underwater tunnel construction method using same, and underwater tunnel constructed thereby

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1296312A (en) * 1918-02-04 1919-03-04 John F O'rourke Tunnel-shield.
US3195310A (en) * 1961-10-02 1965-07-20 Continental Oil Co Storage installation and sealing method therefor

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1296312A (en) * 1918-02-04 1919-03-04 John F O'rourke Tunnel-shield.
US3195310A (en) * 1961-10-02 1965-07-20 Continental Oil Co Storage installation and sealing method therefor

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5346331A (en) * 1991-10-18 1994-09-13 Phoenix Aktiengesellschaft Shield tail sealing
KR100436879B1 (ko) * 2002-07-16 2004-06-23 건양씨앤이 주식회사 간이 동결 강관추진공법 및 그 장치
US10253904B1 (en) * 2017-11-03 2019-04-09 Cccc Highway Consultants Co., Ltd. Integrated immersed tube coupling and installation method thereof as well as installation closure method of immersed tube coupling
US11313099B2 (en) * 2019-01-23 2022-04-26 Daewoo Engineering & Construction Co., Ltd Flexible joint connecting device of precast body segment, precast body segment joining-type underwater tunnel construction method using same, and underwater tunnel constructed thereby

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE2431880A1 (de) 1975-01-30
FR2236371A5 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1975-01-31
BR7405478D0 (pt) 1975-04-15

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