US3909252A - Wear-resistant cast iron for sliding surfaces - Google Patents

Wear-resistant cast iron for sliding surfaces Download PDF

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Publication number
US3909252A
US3909252A US518514A US51851474A US3909252A US 3909252 A US3909252 A US 3909252A US 518514 A US518514 A US 518514A US 51851474 A US51851474 A US 51851474A US 3909252 A US3909252 A US 3909252A
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Prior art keywords
cast iron
wear
compositely
percent
electroplated layer
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US518514A
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English (en)
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Ichizo Kuriyama
Yasunobu Mori
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Suzuki Motor Corp
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Suzuki Motor Corp
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/02—Parts of sliding-contact bearings
    • F16C33/04—Brasses; Bushes; Linings
    • F16C33/06—Sliding surface mainly made of metal
    • F16C33/12—Structural composition; Use of special materials or surface treatments, e.g. for rust-proofing
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S417/00—Pumps
    • Y10S417/01—Materials digest

Definitions

  • the cast iron contains, in addition to carbon, silicon, manganese and chromium, cobalt for solid solubilization with the iron matrix and provision of high heat resistance, molybdenum and niobium for formation of such specific granular carbides as composite carbides of molybdenum and carbides of niobium and providing a high wear resistance, nickel for acceleration of graphitization and even distribution of fine and dense graphite in the iron matrix, and boron for aid of such acceleration in cooperation with the molybdenum thus providing high lubricity, the remainder being iron and impuritics.
  • FIG. 1 A first figure.
  • ABRASION VELOCITY (m/sec) ISTON MEASURING POSITIONS (8 POSITIONS MARKED WITH ON CIRCUMFERE'NCE OF CIRCLE DEFINED BY A P AT TOP DEAD CENTER TOP DEAD CENTER" OF A PISTON WEAR-RESISTANT CAST IRON FOR SLIDING SURFACES BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
  • the present invention relates to a metal material for use in sliding contact with a metal surface coated with a compositely electroplated layer having a coprecipitated substance protruding above the electroplated metal surface.
  • Cast iron has heretofore been used as a metal material for use in sliding contact with a metal surface coated with a compositely electroplated layer which has scaly graphite, granular graphite, or globular graphite distributed through coprecipitation in uniform state therein.
  • a metal material wherein, onto the surface of a cast iron metal, molten molybdenum is sprayed, or hard chromium or bronze is electroplated.
  • Such materials have their own respective properties such as elastic modulus, deflection strength, hardness, impact resistance and fatigue limit stress, and considerations of such individual properties have inevitably forced one to compromise in the use thereof for one purpose, since they have not completely satisfied the requirements in use throughout their properties.
  • an improved cast iron for use in sliding contact with a compositely electroplated layer in a mechanical structure, which contains 1.0 to 3.5 percent of total carbon, 0.5 to 3.0 percent of silicon, 0.1 to 1.5 percent of manganese, 0.1 to 2.0 percent of chromium, 1.0 to 15.0 percent of cobalt, 0.5 to 10.0 percent of molybdenum, 0.1 to 5.0 percent of nickel, 0.05 to 2.0 percent of niobium, and 0.001 to 0.1 percent of boron, the remainder being iron and impurities.
  • FIG. 11 is an enlarged diagrammatic representation, in section, of a compositely electroplated layer adapted to serve as a sliding contact surface of a mechanical structure;
  • FIG. 2 is a diagrammatic front elevation showing a wear tester
  • FIG. 3 is a side elevation of the wear tester shown in FIG. 2;
  • FIG. 4 is a graphical representation showing the results of wear tests performed by using the wear tester shown in FIGS. 2 and 3;
  • FIG. 5 is a side view, partly in longitudinal section, showing an ultra-high-pressure wear tester
  • FIG. 6 is a graphical representation showing the re sults of wear tests performed by using the ultra-highpressure wear tester shown in FIG. 5;
  • FIG. 7 is an enlarged diagrammatic representation, in section, of a cast iron Z according to this invention.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic view showing positions for measuring average quantity of abrasion observed in the case of Example 1.
  • an electrolytic bath containing nickel sulfamate, nickel chloride, boric acid and other effective admixtures is first prepared in an electrolytic cell, thereafter powdered silicon carbide is further dispersed evenly to be suspended therein.
  • electrolytic bath it is essential to use caution to keep the powdered substance admixed from settling in the bath.
  • Electrolytic nickel is used as anode and a metallic material to be coated is used as cathode.
  • silicon carbide as a coprecipitate is of a particle size of approximately 4 u, and the quantity of the silicon carbide to be coprecipitated in the compositely electroplated layer is approximately 6% by weight.
  • Silicon carbide is a material having a knoop hardness of 2480, and, therefore, a compositely electroplated layer of high wear resistance can be produced by coprecipitating silicon carbide in a nickel matrix.
  • such an electroplated layer may be applied to the interior wall surfaces of an internal combustion engine cylinder, the sliding contact surfaces of a machine tool, the engaging surface of a clutch plate, and the like.
  • a compositely electroplated layer which has improved wear resistance, in the following manner.
  • a sliding surface of porous character which is available for containing a lubricant therein, whereby the lubricant may be supplied incessantly onto the sliding surface of the engine cylinder, thus preventing undesired abrasion from progressing.
  • such treatment as electrolytic polishing, chemical polishing, and- /or mechanical polishing are applied to the compositely electroplated layer of nickel-silicon carbide.
  • nickel in the compositely electroplated surface is subject to electrolytic dissolution, chemical dissolution, or mechanical dissolution, depending on the polishing treatment referred to above.
  • silicon carbide per se is not affected by such polishing treatment and so remains in the compositely electroplated surface as it was coprecipitated originally. Consequently, silicon carbide assumes a state of protrusion from the electroplated surface, the protrusion height of such silicon carbide from above the surface of nickel matrix being of the order of l to 2 t.
  • a first sliding contact surface by silicon carbide particles per se and a second sliding contact surface by the electroplated surface of the nickel matrix thus forming spaces or depressions available for containing the lubricant between the first and second sliding contact surfaces.
  • compositely electroplated surface having silicon carbide particles protruding above the surface of compositely electroplated layer so as to form depressions available for containing the lubricant (hereinafter referred to as compositely electroplated surface) has a wear resistance superior to that obtained in the conventional compositely electroplated layer.
  • FIG. 1 there is shown an enlarged sectional view of a sliding surface obtained by the above described composite electroplating technique and comprising a first sliding contact surface 1, a second sliding contact surface 2, and silicon carbide particles 4 protruding from the surface of a nickel matrix 5, spaces or depressions for containing the lubricant being formed between the silicon carbide particles and the two sliding contact surfaces.
  • cast iron as a metal material for a mechanical part corresponding, in cooperative sliding contact, to the above mentioned compositely electroplated layer surface.
  • Cast iron has minor differences in its physical properties according to the configuration and quality of graphite precipitated in the structure thereof.
  • cast iron has been widely used in such application for the following reasons.
  • Graphite contained in the structure of cast iron has advantages such as its ability to store the lubricant so as to prevent the interruption of the lubricant film and its own lubricity.
  • the depressions from which graphite has come off become available for containing the lubricant, and, also, it can quickly dissipate frictional heat by virtue of its high thermal conductivity and can fit by running-in against the contour of the electroplated member surface by virtue of its low elastic modulus.
  • piston rings When the composite electroplating described hereinbefor is applied to the cylinder interior wall surfaces of an internal combustion engine, it is required that piston rings to be set in cooperative sliding contact with the above mentioned cylinder interior wall be of a metal material having wear resistance as high as that of the compositely electroplated layer.
  • cast iron materials for piston rings a cast iron wherein there are distributed much steadite of hard quality by increasing phosphorous in a pearlite matrix, and, further,
  • graphite globules are evenly distributed has advantages in wear resistance, heat resistance, and strength.
  • the addition of molybdenum and niobium into the cast iron results in the formation of hard carbides of specific granular shape.
  • the nickel therein serves as an accelerator for the graphitization, while the boron and molybdenum cause fine graphite particles to be distributed densely and evenly in the matrix, thus effecting such improvement.
  • This cast iron Z has an unusually high elasticity which cannot be found in the conventional cast irons, and specific granular carbides form a first sliding surface of this cast iron, thus resulting in superior wear resistance.
  • a special cast iron having a high wear resistance which is adaptable as a material for cast piston rings for sliding contact with the compositely electroplated layer described hereinbefore, and which is herein referred to as cast iron Z.
  • the cast iron Z is processed in such an ordinary manner where a cast iron is prepared, i.e., iron oxides of several additive elements, e.g., ferro-silicon, etc., are admixed to a molten gray cast iron.
  • This cast iron has a number of advantages such as improved hardness, heat resistance, and selflubricity over the conventional cast irons.
  • EXAMPLE 1 This example comprises an exemplary application of these cast irons to piston rings for use in an air-cooled, two-stroke-cycle, internal combustion engine having a single cylinder for a motorcycle:
  • Classification Chemical composition (wt. Co Mo Ni Nb B 1.0 0.5 0.1 0.05 0.001 Cast Iron Z Table 2 indicates certain physical properties and the 65 In this example, the interior wall surface of the enchemical composition of this cast iron Z.
  • cobalt added therein contributes to the improve ment of heat resistance of the cast iron by solid solubiligine cylinder having a bore x stroke of 56 mm X mm, and a maximum output of 10.2 HP/7,500 rpm is coated with a compositely electroplated layer of Ni-SiC :wuagzaz of the type described above wherein SiC protrudes 1-2p. above the nickel.
  • Table 3 Measured quantity Increase in Average wear Ring Gap at eight posi tions, top dead center Top ring 2nd ring Wear test by Ohkoshi type wear tester:
  • FIGS. 2 and 3 This type of wear tester is schematically shown in FIGS. 2 and 3.
  • a rotor 8 of 30-mm diameter covered with a compositely electroplated layer 7 was driven in rotation so as to slidably contact a fixed stator 9 under a load.
  • Cast irons A and Z were used as materials for the stator for the wear test.
  • the results of the wear test were indicated in terms of the amount of wear of the stator material.
  • the conditions and results of this wear test are indicated in Table 4 and FIG. 4, respectively.
  • the ordinate of the graph of FIG. 4 shows the volume of material in cubic millimeters which was removed during the wear test.
  • Lubricating oil Velocity of abrasion [m/sec] Distance of abrasion EXAMPLE 3 covered with a compositely electroplated layer 11 was fixed stationary under a load opposedly'against a jig with four stator pieces'l3' fixed rigidly thereto which was driven inrotation so as to cause the stator pieces to slidably contactthe stationary discf
  • the reference numeral 14 designates a rotating shaft of a speed changer; 15 designate's'an inlet for a lubricant, and 16 indicates the direction of the lubricant under pressure.
  • the results of this wear test were indicated in terms of roughness of a sliding surface for the compositely electroplated layer surface, while for the stator material the results were indicated in terms of height of wear loss after the performance of this test for a period corresponding to the running distance of 100 km on the road. Comparison was made on the degree of wear by applying these test pieces for stator material of the cast iron A, the cast iron A sprayed with molten molybdenum, and the cast iron Z. The conditions and results of the wear test are indicated in Table 5 and FIG. 6, respectively. The roughness or finishing degree of the compositely electroplated layer prior to the wear test was in the range of 0.6 to 1.5 ;1..
  • Example 2 it is apparent that the cast iron Z has greater wear resistance than the conventional cast irons. It was found that the cast iron of Example 3 had no scuffing which was observed in the case of the cast iron A sprayed with molten molybdenum, and also was run-in appropriately to fit the compositely electroplated surface. In each of these examples, it was observed that the cast iron Z of this invention had good compatibility in associated use with the compositely electroplated layer of hard character.
  • FIG. 7 there is diagrammatically shown asection of the cast iron Z of this invention showing the structure thereof.
  • the reference numeral 18 designates a first sliding surface, 19 a second sliding surface, 20 depressions containing the lubricant, 21 carbides 0f specific granular shape, 22
  • These specific granular carbides are of hard molybdenum and niobium. It should be noted that the above mentioned specific granular carbides 21 forming the first sliding surface 18 of the cast iron Z and the silicon carbide 4 forming the first sliding surface 1 of the compositely electroplated surface of the corresponding part both have high hardnesses, and, in this respect, the cooperative use of such materials for sliding contact with each other becomes suitable for such purpose by virtue of the outstandingly high wear resistance, thus affording good durability of such complementary parts of a mechanical structure.
  • both the cast iron 2 and the compositely electroplated layer have depressions 3 and 20 defined between the first and second sliding surfaces thereof, respectively, for containing the lubricant therein, thus supplying the lubricant contained therein to the sliding surfaces of the complementary parts in sliding contact with each other, and thus assuring the lubricity therebetween. Consequently, improved wear resistance of the two complementary parts is assured, and, simultaneously, quick running-in of the two is effected.
  • the cast iron Z has graphite 22 commixed therein as a self-contained lubricant, this graphite functions to prevent scuffing and/or fusion seizure of the two complementary parts. In this manner, there is now obtained an idealistic combination of metal materials for use in sliding contact which solves all problems inherent in the conventional combination of metal materials for such use.
  • the lubricant is inceimpulsly supplied to the sliding surfaces thereof so as to assure lubrication therebetween.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Pistons, Piston Rings, And Cylinders (AREA)
  • Cylinder Crankcases Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
  • Electroplating Methods And Accessories (AREA)
US518514A 1973-11-01 1974-10-29 Wear-resistant cast iron for sliding surfaces Expired - Lifetime US3909252A (en)

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Cited By (19)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4088476A (en) * 1975-10-29 1978-05-09 Nippon Piston Ring Co., Ltd. Abrasion-resistant cast irons
US4121925A (en) * 1974-01-15 1978-10-24 Ferodo Limited Method of producing grey cast iron brake rotors with uniform friction and wear characteristics
US4153017A (en) * 1977-05-16 1979-05-08 Stanadyne, Inc. Alloyed chilled iron
US4338128A (en) * 1979-06-13 1982-07-06 Noranda Mines Limited Low alloy white cast iron
US4405367A (en) * 1982-06-23 1983-09-20 Institut Problem Litya Akademii Nauk Ukrainskoi Ssr Corrosion-resistant cast iron
WO1985001962A1 (en) * 1983-10-24 1985-05-09 Giw Industries, Inc. Abrasive resistant white cast iron
US4808275A (en) * 1985-03-26 1989-02-28 Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. Method for forming corrosion resistant coating on a disc brake
EP0307189A2 (en) * 1987-09-08 1989-03-15 Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Combination of slide members
US5225007A (en) * 1990-02-28 1993-07-06 Hitachi Metals Ltd. Method for wear-resistant compound roll manufacture
WO1996039544A1 (en) * 1995-06-06 1996-12-12 Bo Tommy Kage Nylen Cast iron indefinite chill roll produced by the addition of niobium
US6325385B1 (en) * 1998-10-15 2001-12-04 Teikoku Piston Ring Co., Ltd. Piston ring
US20020182437A1 (en) * 2000-10-10 2002-12-05 Adamou Ibrahim Brah Coating blade and method for making same
US20040137261A1 (en) * 2000-12-07 2004-07-15 Allan Lunnerfjord Doctor or coater blade and method in connection with its manufacturing
US20060272909A1 (en) * 2005-06-02 2006-12-07 Fuller Brian K Brake assembly and coating
US20060283673A1 (en) * 2005-06-15 2006-12-21 Lamport Robert A Brake assembly and additive
WO2008019717A1 (de) * 2006-08-17 2008-02-21 Federal-Mogul Burscheid Gmbh Hochsiliziumhaltiger stahlwerkstoff zur herstellung von kolbenringen und zylinderlaufbuchsen
US20080289924A1 (en) * 2007-05-24 2008-11-27 Hans Peter Stehle Manually Guided Implement and Method of Producing a Brake Mechanism of a Manually Guided Implement
US20140093416A1 (en) * 2012-10-01 2014-04-03 Lutz Dekker Cast iron containing niobium and component
US20140360820A1 (en) * 2012-02-23 2014-12-11 Advics Co., Ltd. Disc rotor

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3658515A (en) * 1970-06-22 1972-04-25 Xaloy Inc Hard wear-resistant ferrous alloy
US3767386A (en) * 1971-04-05 1973-10-23 Kaisha K Uedasa Chuzo Sho Compound cast-iron for making brake shoes
US3834901A (en) * 1969-04-23 1974-09-10 Isuzu Motors Ltd Alloy composed of iron,nickel,chromium and cobalt
US3853545A (en) * 1972-06-29 1974-12-10 Tokushu Seiko Co Ltd Cast alloy for valve seat insert

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3834901A (en) * 1969-04-23 1974-09-10 Isuzu Motors Ltd Alloy composed of iron,nickel,chromium and cobalt
US3658515A (en) * 1970-06-22 1972-04-25 Xaloy Inc Hard wear-resistant ferrous alloy
US3767386A (en) * 1971-04-05 1973-10-23 Kaisha K Uedasa Chuzo Sho Compound cast-iron for making brake shoes
US3853545A (en) * 1972-06-29 1974-12-10 Tokushu Seiko Co Ltd Cast alloy for valve seat insert

Cited By (27)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4121925A (en) * 1974-01-15 1978-10-24 Ferodo Limited Method of producing grey cast iron brake rotors with uniform friction and wear characteristics
US4088476A (en) * 1975-10-29 1978-05-09 Nippon Piston Ring Co., Ltd. Abrasion-resistant cast irons
US4153017A (en) * 1977-05-16 1979-05-08 Stanadyne, Inc. Alloyed chilled iron
US4338128A (en) * 1979-06-13 1982-07-06 Noranda Mines Limited Low alloy white cast iron
US4405367A (en) * 1982-06-23 1983-09-20 Institut Problem Litya Akademii Nauk Ukrainskoi Ssr Corrosion-resistant cast iron
WO1985001962A1 (en) * 1983-10-24 1985-05-09 Giw Industries, Inc. Abrasive resistant white cast iron
GB2158462A (en) * 1983-10-24 1985-11-13 Giw Ind Inc Abrasive resistant white cast iron
US4808275A (en) * 1985-03-26 1989-02-28 Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. Method for forming corrosion resistant coating on a disc brake
EP0307189A2 (en) * 1987-09-08 1989-03-15 Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Combination of slide members
EP0307189A3 (en) * 1987-09-08 1990-02-07 Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Combination of slide members
US4927707A (en) * 1987-09-08 1990-05-22 Honda Giken Kogyo Kabashiki Kaisha Combination of slide members
US5225007A (en) * 1990-02-28 1993-07-06 Hitachi Metals Ltd. Method for wear-resistant compound roll manufacture
WO1996039544A1 (en) * 1995-06-06 1996-12-12 Bo Tommy Kage Nylen Cast iron indefinite chill roll produced by the addition of niobium
AU704855B2 (en) * 1995-06-06 1999-05-06 Akers Ab Cast iron indefinite chill roll produced by the addition of niobium
US6013141A (en) * 1995-06-06 2000-01-11 Akers International Ab Cast iron indefinite chill roll produced by the addition of niobium
US6325385B1 (en) * 1998-10-15 2001-12-04 Teikoku Piston Ring Co., Ltd. Piston ring
US20020182437A1 (en) * 2000-10-10 2002-12-05 Adamou Ibrahim Brah Coating blade and method for making same
US20040137261A1 (en) * 2000-12-07 2004-07-15 Allan Lunnerfjord Doctor or coater blade and method in connection with its manufacturing
US6841264B2 (en) * 2000-12-07 2005-01-11 Swedev Aktiebolag Doctor or coater blade and method in connection with its manufacturing
US20060272909A1 (en) * 2005-06-02 2006-12-07 Fuller Brian K Brake assembly and coating
US20060283673A1 (en) * 2005-06-15 2006-12-21 Lamport Robert A Brake assembly and additive
WO2008019717A1 (de) * 2006-08-17 2008-02-21 Federal-Mogul Burscheid Gmbh Hochsiliziumhaltiger stahlwerkstoff zur herstellung von kolbenringen und zylinderlaufbuchsen
US20100192895A1 (en) * 2006-08-17 2010-08-05 Federal-Mogul Burscheid Gmbhburgermeister-Schmidt- Strasse 17 Steel Material Having a High Silicon Content for Producing Piston Rings and Cylinder Sleeves
US20080289924A1 (en) * 2007-05-24 2008-11-27 Hans Peter Stehle Manually Guided Implement and Method of Producing a Brake Mechanism of a Manually Guided Implement
US8100234B2 (en) * 2007-05-24 2012-01-24 Andreas Stihl Ag & Co. Kg Manually guided implement and method of producing a brake mechanism of a manually guided implement
US20140360820A1 (en) * 2012-02-23 2014-12-11 Advics Co., Ltd. Disc rotor
US20140093416A1 (en) * 2012-10-01 2014-04-03 Lutz Dekker Cast iron containing niobium and component

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JPS5530061B2 (zh) 1980-08-08
JPS5073838A (zh) 1975-06-18

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