US3908851A - Filament wound vessel - Google Patents

Filament wound vessel Download PDF

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Publication number
US3908851A
US3908851A US493269A US49326974A US3908851A US 3908851 A US3908851 A US 3908851A US 493269 A US493269 A US 493269A US 49326974 A US49326974 A US 49326974A US 3908851 A US3908851 A US 3908851A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
winding
neck
bottle
liner
filaments
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US493269A
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English (en)
Inventor
Eugene F Jacobs
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
FOC Corp A DE CORP
Original Assignee
Youngstown Sheet and Tube Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Youngstown Sheet and Tube Co filed Critical Youngstown Sheet and Tube Co
Priority to US493269A priority Critical patent/US3908851A/en
Priority to DE2533876A priority patent/DE2533876C2/de
Priority to CA232,545A priority patent/CA1018084A/en
Priority to BR7504903A priority patent/BR7504903A/pt
Publication of US3908851A publication Critical patent/US3908851A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Assigned to FIBERCAST COMPANY reassignment FIBERCAST COMPANY ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: CONTINENTAL EMSCO COMPANY
Assigned to CONTINENTAL EMSCO COMPANY, 1810 COMMERCE STREET, DALLAS, TX (P.O. BOX 359) A CORP. OF DE reassignment CONTINENTAL EMSCO COMPANY, 1810 COMMERCE STREET, DALLAS, TX (P.O. BOX 359) A CORP. OF DE ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: YOUNGSTOWN SHEET AND TUBE COMPANY
Assigned to FOC CORPORATION, A DE. CORP. reassignment FOC CORPORATION, A DE. CORP. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: FIBERCAST COMPANY, A DE. CORP.
Assigned to FIBERCAST COMPANY reassignment FIBERCAST COMPANY CHANGE OF NAME (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). EFFECTIVE: MARCH 31, 1986 Assignors: FOC CORPORATION
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C1/00—Pressure vessels, e.g. gas cylinder, gas tank, replaceable cartridge
    • F17C1/16—Pressure vessels, e.g. gas cylinder, gas tank, replaceable cartridge constructed of plastics materials
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D25/00—Details of other kinds or types of rigid or semi-rigid containers
    • B65D25/14—Linings or internal coatings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/01—Shape
    • F17C2201/0104—Shape cylindrical
    • F17C2201/0109—Shape cylindrical with exteriorly curved end-piece
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0602—Wall structures; Special features thereof
    • F17C2203/0604—Liners
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0634—Materials for walls or layers thereof
    • F17C2203/0658—Synthetics
    • F17C2203/0663—Synthetics in form of fibers or filaments
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/03—Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
    • F17C2205/0302—Fittings, valves, filters, or components in connection with the gas storage device
    • F17C2205/0305—Bosses, e.g. boss collars
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2209/00—Vessel construction, in particular methods of manufacturing
    • F17C2209/21—Shaping processes
    • F17C2209/2154—Winding
    • F17C2209/2163—Winding with a mandrel

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT [52] U.S. Cl 220/3; 156/170; 220/63 R T e s sclosed here n a filament wound vessel in [51] Int. C1. B65D 25/14 whi h an imperforate liner is wrapped with a plurality [58] Field of Search 220/3, 63 R; 156/169, 170, Of polar windings and one or more girth windings.
  • Another object is to provide a filament wound bottle with a liner having a neck and a built-up portion about the neck for attaching equipment to the bottle in which polar windings are applied to the bottle in a manner to lock the rigid built-up section around the neck to the polar windings so that the strength of the polar windings is imparted to the built-up section about the neck and prevents it from pulling away from the liner.
  • Another object is to provide a filament wound bottle with a liner having a neck portion and a built-up filament section about the neck in which the built-up section is locked to the polar windings about the bottle.
  • FIG. 1 is a view in cross-section of a filament wound vessel constructed in accordance with this invention shown on the mandrel of a filament winding machine with the mandrel shown in elevation.
  • FIGS. 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 are fragmentary views on an enlarged scale showing successively the steps carried out in manufacturing the vessel.
  • the bottle indicated generally at 10 comprises a liner I1 and a number of windings which will be explained hereinbelow.
  • the liner 11 may take any desired form and may be fabricated of any desired material.
  • the illustrated liner is blow moulded polyethylene.
  • the liner shape will be controlled'by the desired configuration of the finished product.
  • the illustrated bottle is spheroidal in shape and therefore a spheroidal shaped liner is utilized.
  • the liner has a neck portion 12 extending away from the liner.
  • the neck portion 12 is integral with the liner 11 and terminates at its free end in a groove 13 to receive a seal to seal between the bottle and the equipment to which the bottle is attached after it is fabricated.
  • Such equipment is not shown herein and may take any desired form.
  • the liner 11 is first made up on the mandrel of the winding machine which is indicated generally at 14.
  • the mandrel and its manner of attachment to the liner may take any desired form.
  • the mandrel forms no part of this invention except that the flange 15 provides an abutment for the neck winding as will be explained hereinafter. If desired, the seal section 13 of the liner could be extended outwardly to provide this function, but it is preferred that the flange 15 of the mandrel be utilized.
  • the windings are applied to the liner in the conventional manner, that is, polar windings and girth windings.
  • the manner of application of these windings is well-known in the prior art and is exemplified by the above identified Krupp patent, which shows both polar and girth type windings being applied to a liner by a tumble winding machine.
  • the windings may comprise any desired filament material and any desired resin material as will be apparent to those skilled in the art.
  • the filament material is provided by a plurality of strands of fiberglass.
  • each wrap of material may be a number of threads of filament coated with uncured resin or a strap of filaments in a partially cured resin may be utilized.
  • the filament fibers may be impregnated with a thermosetting resin such as polyester resin so that the bottle may be rapidly cured by heat after it has been formed.
  • a thermosetting resin such as polyester resin
  • the bottle may be reinforced against bursting at all points, except the mouth of the bottle, which includes the neck 12.
  • the neck 12 of the bottle must be of substantial size to permit the insertion of equipment into the bottle.
  • the neck thus provides a pressure responsive area which must be tied to the remainder of the bottle in a manner such that the filament windings absorb the forces applied within this neck area.
  • a mat of reinforcing material 17 is applied to the liner 11 about the neck 12.
  • this mat is provided by several layers of woven fiberglass impregnated with resin.
  • the mat 17 extends from the neck outwardly a suitable distance beyond the neck winding to reinforce the bottle in this area. (see FIG. 2)
  • the first winding applied is the neck girth winding which is applied in the manner shown in FIG. 3.
  • the mandrel 14 is rotated about its axis and the filament guide 18 is moved back and forth longitudinally of the rotational axis of the mandrel 14 in the space between the liner 11 and the flange 15 to build up the neck winding 16 as a solid mass of fibers and resin surround- I ing the neck 12.
  • the movement of the filament carrier 18 is controlled so that the outer circumferential surface 16a of the neck winding is built up more adjacent to the liner 17 than to the flange in the manner shown.
  • the angle of the surface 16a controls to some extent the amount of polar windings which will overlay the neck winding 16 to hold it against movement away from the liner 11 as will more fully appear hereinbclow.
  • the neck winding 16 provides a means for attachment of equipment to the bottle, While not shown in the drawings, holes are bored in the neck winding at the surface adjacent to flange 15 after the bottle is removed from the mandrel 14. These holes are spaced in a circle about the seal groove 13 and equipment to be attached to the bottle is secured in these holes in the conventional manner. It will be appreciated that the large mass of the neck winding 16 provides a rigid sur face to which equipment can be attached. By underlying the seal groove 13 the neck winding provides a rigid backup for this groove so that a seal member within the groove will seal between the neck 12 and equipment to be attached to the bottle. While the neck winding is preferably wound in place, it is apparent that it could be prefabricated in segments and attached to the liner with resin.
  • a first polar winding 19 is applied as illustrated in FIG. 4. This winding is applied at the neck end of the bottle at the point 21 as illustrated in the figure. At the lower end of the bottle, the winding is applied adjacent the mandrel 14 and results in the bulge 22 due to crossing of the several fibers as they are applied. At the neck end of the bottle, the crossing of the several fibers results in the formation of the bulge 19a and the groove 19b between the bulge 19a and the neck winding 16.
  • the groove 19b is fortuitous in that it normally occurs in the application of a winding to a liner and it serves a useful function in assisting in causing the second winding to overlie the neck winding 16 as will be explained hereinbclow.
  • the angle of surface 16a of the neck winding controls the extent that the outer winding 22 overlies the neck winding.
  • This surface 16a should form with the portion of the liner 11 extending away from the neck winding an included obtuse angle. The greater the angle, the more the outer winding will overlie the neck winding.
  • the second winding 22 is applied in the manner shown in FIG. 5.
  • the rotational axis of the mandrel 14 is adjusted and the position of the filament guide 18 is adjusted in the manner shown in FIG. 5 so that the filament is applied to overlie the neck winding 16.
  • the filament will tend to slide down into the groove 19 ⁇ : as it is applied, but continued application of winding to the bottle as it is slowly rotated will result in the winding 22 building up in groove 19]; as shown in FIG. 5 to a point at which the second winding over-lies a portion of the neck winding 16.
  • the overlying winding locks the neck winding in place and prevents it from pulling away from the liner when the vessel is pressurized.
  • the second winding is also preferably applied at a greater angle than the first winding so that the fibers at the end of the bottle remote from the neck 12 are applied at a distance from the mandrel and cross each other and result in a built-up annular bulge 23 at this end of the bottle which is spaced from the mandrel.
  • this end of the bottle will tend to bulge out under pressure and the application of the second winding in this manner provides the desired strength to prevent bulging of the bottle.
  • this increased angle helps to build up the second winding fibers over the neck winding 16 and the direction of application of forces exerted by the polar winding is favorable to preventing the neck winding from shearing free of the second winding and pulling away from the liner.
  • This angle is not critical. It is only necessary that the angular relationship of the outer circumferential surface of the neck winding and the second polar winding are such that the second polar winding builds up over a portion of the outer circumferential face of the neck winding.
  • a finish winding 24 may finally be applied over the neck winding 16.
  • This winding is a girth winding and provides a smooth finish to the surface for appearances only.
  • one or more girth windings 25 may be applied about the central section of the bottle to support the bottle at this point.
  • the employment of the neck 12 prevents any possibility of fluid leaking to an area between the liner and the filament windings which might result in a breaking down of the bottle.
  • the neck winding 16 provides a substantial anchorage for equipment to be atttached to the bottle.
  • the polar windings lock the neck winding 16 in place so that it cannot pull away from the liner when the vessel is pressurized.
  • the gradual change in section from the thin wall to the neck winding provided by the reinforcing mat and buildup portions of the inner and outer winding provide a reduced stress concentration in the area of the bottle adjacent the neck.
  • a liner having a neck extending outwardly and providing an opening into the liner
  • a girth neck winding of filaments and resin about said neck providing an anchorage for securing equipment to the bottle
  • a filament wound, generally spherical bottle comprising,
  • a liner having a neck extending outwardly and providing an opening into the liner
  • a neck girth winding of filaments and resin about said neck providing an anchorage for securing equipment to the bottle
  • said inner winding providing a trough adjacent said neck winding
  • the bottle of claim 3 including a layer of reinforcing filaments and resin over the liner and underlying said neck winding and a portion of said polar windings.
  • a method of manufacturing a filament wound, generally spherical bottle comprising,

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Details Of Rigid Or Semi-Rigid Containers (AREA)
US493269A 1974-07-31 1974-07-31 Filament wound vessel Expired - Lifetime US3908851A (en)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US493269A US3908851A (en) 1974-07-31 1974-07-31 Filament wound vessel
DE2533876A DE2533876C2 (de) 1974-07-31 1975-07-29 Fadenumwickelte, im wesentlichen kugelige Flasche und Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung
CA232,545A CA1018084A (en) 1974-07-31 1975-07-30 Filament wound vessel
BR7504903A BR7504903A (pt) 1974-07-31 1975-07-31 Garrafa enrolada com filamentos,de forma geralmente esferica e processo de confeccao

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US493269A US3908851A (en) 1974-07-31 1974-07-31 Filament wound vessel

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3908851A true US3908851A (en) 1975-09-30

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ID=23959554

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US493269A Expired - Lifetime US3908851A (en) 1974-07-31 1974-07-31 Filament wound vessel

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US3908851A (de)
BR (1) BR7504903A (de)
CA (1) CA1018084A (de)
DE (1) DE2533876C2 (de)

Cited By (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4053081A (en) * 1976-08-20 1977-10-11 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Reinforced filament-wound cut-port pressure vessel and method of making same
US4073400A (en) * 1974-11-15 1978-02-14 Fulmer Research Institute Gas containers
US4360116A (en) * 1980-12-08 1982-11-23 Brunswick Corporation Partially split external barrier for composite structures
US4690295A (en) * 1983-11-09 1987-09-01 The British Petroleum Company P.L.C. Pressure container with thermoplastic fusible plug
US4785956A (en) * 1982-08-23 1988-11-22 Essef Industries, Inc. Tank fitting for a filament-wound vessel
US4835975A (en) * 1983-10-18 1989-06-06 Windecker Robert J Cryogenic tank
US4854988A (en) * 1986-08-11 1989-08-08 Ciba-Geigy Corporation Process for the production of a fiber-reinforced synthetic resin container
US5012950A (en) * 1988-04-30 1991-05-07 Holger Knappe Plastic container for liquids or gases
US5150812A (en) * 1990-07-05 1992-09-29 Hoechst Celanese Corporation Pressurized and/or cryogenic gas containers and conduits made with a gas impermeable polymer
US5253778A (en) * 1992-01-28 1993-10-19 Edo Canada Ltd. Fluid pressure vessel boss-liner attachment system
US5494188A (en) * 1992-01-28 1996-02-27 Edo Canada Ltd. Fluid pressure vessel boss-liner attachment system with liner/exterior mechanism direct coupling
US5645184A (en) * 1991-12-24 1997-07-08 Royal Ordnance Public Limited Company Aircraft cargo container
US5653358A (en) * 1994-04-08 1997-08-05 Arde, Inc. Multilayer composite pressure vessel with a fitting incorporated in a stem portion thereof
US20030183638A1 (en) * 2002-03-27 2003-10-02 Moses Minta Containers and methods for containing pressurized fluids using reinforced fibers and methods for making such containers
US20070012551A1 (en) * 2005-07-13 2007-01-18 Thorsten Rohwer Hydrogen pressure tank
US20090186173A1 (en) * 2005-09-21 2009-07-23 Kirk Sneddon Multilayer composite pressure vessel and method for making the same

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3057509A (en) * 1960-02-11 1962-10-09 Brunswick Corp Pressure vessel bladder
US3112234A (en) * 1960-10-05 1963-11-26 Goodrich Co B F Method of making filament-wound pressure vessels
US3303079A (en) * 1963-08-23 1967-02-07 Richard P Carter Method of manufacture of rocket chambers having an integral insulator or liner
US3449182A (en) * 1966-05-16 1969-06-10 Structural Fibers Method of making a hollow,fiber-reinforced plastic pressure vessel

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3655085A (en) * 1968-04-12 1972-04-11 Arde Inc Filament wound spherical pressure vessel

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3057509A (en) * 1960-02-11 1962-10-09 Brunswick Corp Pressure vessel bladder
US3112234A (en) * 1960-10-05 1963-11-26 Goodrich Co B F Method of making filament-wound pressure vessels
US3303079A (en) * 1963-08-23 1967-02-07 Richard P Carter Method of manufacture of rocket chambers having an integral insulator or liner
US3449182A (en) * 1966-05-16 1969-06-10 Structural Fibers Method of making a hollow,fiber-reinforced plastic pressure vessel

Cited By (20)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4073400A (en) * 1974-11-15 1978-02-14 Fulmer Research Institute Gas containers
US4053081A (en) * 1976-08-20 1977-10-11 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Reinforced filament-wound cut-port pressure vessel and method of making same
US4360116A (en) * 1980-12-08 1982-11-23 Brunswick Corporation Partially split external barrier for composite structures
US4785956A (en) * 1982-08-23 1988-11-22 Essef Industries, Inc. Tank fitting for a filament-wound vessel
US4835975A (en) * 1983-10-18 1989-06-06 Windecker Robert J Cryogenic tank
US4690295A (en) * 1983-11-09 1987-09-01 The British Petroleum Company P.L.C. Pressure container with thermoplastic fusible plug
US4854988A (en) * 1986-08-11 1989-08-08 Ciba-Geigy Corporation Process for the production of a fiber-reinforced synthetic resin container
US5012950A (en) * 1988-04-30 1991-05-07 Holger Knappe Plastic container for liquids or gases
US5150812A (en) * 1990-07-05 1992-09-29 Hoechst Celanese Corporation Pressurized and/or cryogenic gas containers and conduits made with a gas impermeable polymer
US5645184A (en) * 1991-12-24 1997-07-08 Royal Ordnance Public Limited Company Aircraft cargo container
US5494188A (en) * 1992-01-28 1996-02-27 Edo Canada Ltd. Fluid pressure vessel boss-liner attachment system with liner/exterior mechanism direct coupling
US5253778A (en) * 1992-01-28 1993-10-19 Edo Canada Ltd. Fluid pressure vessel boss-liner attachment system
US5653358A (en) * 1994-04-08 1997-08-05 Arde, Inc. Multilayer composite pressure vessel with a fitting incorporated in a stem portion thereof
US20030183638A1 (en) * 2002-03-27 2003-10-02 Moses Minta Containers and methods for containing pressurized fluids using reinforced fibers and methods for making such containers
US7147124B2 (en) 2002-03-27 2006-12-12 Exxon Mobil Upstream Research Company Containers and methods for containing pressurized fluids using reinforced fibers and methods for making such containers
US20070113959A1 (en) * 2002-03-27 2007-05-24 Moses Minta Containers and methods for containing pressurized fluids using reinforced fibers and methods for making such containers
US20070012551A1 (en) * 2005-07-13 2007-01-18 Thorsten Rohwer Hydrogen pressure tank
US7731051B2 (en) * 2005-07-13 2010-06-08 Gm Global Technology Operations, Inc. Hydrogen pressure tank including an inner liner with an outer annular flange
US20090186173A1 (en) * 2005-09-21 2009-07-23 Kirk Sneddon Multilayer composite pressure vessel and method for making the same
US8481136B2 (en) 2005-09-21 2013-07-09 Arde, Inc. Multilayer composite pressure vessel and method for making the same

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE2533876A1 (de) 1976-02-12
BR7504903A (pt) 1977-03-01
DE2533876C2 (de) 1985-04-18
CA1018084A (en) 1977-09-27

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Owner name: FIBERCAST COMPANY, 25 SOUTH MAIN ST., SAND SPRINGS

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Owner name: FIBERCAST COMPANY, OKLAHOMA

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