US3907657A - Gas analysis apparatus - Google Patents

Gas analysis apparatus Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US3907657A
US3907657A US392682A US39268273A US3907657A US 3907657 A US3907657 A US 3907657A US 392682 A US392682 A US 392682A US 39268273 A US39268273 A US 39268273A US 3907657 A US3907657 A US 3907657A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
measuring
space
analysis apparatus
gas
gas analysis
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US392682A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Leopold Heijne
Nicolaas Marinus Beekmans
Petrus Jacobus Poolman
Ronald Karel Eijnthoven
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
US Philips Corp
Original Assignee
US Philips Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by US Philips Corp filed Critical US Philips Corp
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3907657A publication Critical patent/US3907657A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
    • G01N27/26—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating electrochemical variables; by using electrolysis or electrophoresis
    • G01N27/403—Cells and electrode assemblies
    • G01N27/406—Cells and probes with solid electrolytes
    • G01N27/407—Cells and probes with solid electrolytes for investigating or analysing gases
    • G01N27/4071—Cells and probes with solid electrolytes for investigating or analysing gases using sensor elements of laminated structure
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
    • G01N27/26—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating electrochemical variables; by using electrolysis or electrophoresis
    • G01N27/403—Cells and electrode assemblies
    • G01N27/406—Cells and probes with solid electrolytes
    • G01N27/407—Cells and probes with solid electrolytes for investigating or analysing gases
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N7/00—Analysing materials by measuring the pressure or volume of a gas or vapour
    • G01N7/10—Analysing materials by measuring the pressure or volume of a gas or vapour by allowing diffusion of components through a porous wall and measuring a pressure or volume difference

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a gas analysis apparatus for measuring the concentration of a gaseous component in a first space, said apparatus comprising a measuring space which receives a measuring sample from the first space, and a partition which is part of a wall section of the measuring space and consists of at least one solid substance which exhibits ionic conduction, said partition being provided with at least one electrode layer on both sides, inter alia for the application of an electric current, so that the gaseous component is removed from the measuring space by means of a current of ions.
  • a partition It is known to measure or to dose a gas by means of a partition.
  • the substance or the mixture of substances comprising said partition is selected so as to permit the migration of certain ions in the substance in a specific temperature range under the influence and in the direction of an electric field.
  • the said ions may enter into reversible reactions with molecules which are located outside the partition.
  • a gas can be transferred from the one space through the partition to another space or at the electrode layers potential differences can be measured which are a measure of the partial differences in pressure.
  • An example is the measurement of partial pressures of halogens by means of a partition of a silver halide.
  • a constant reference pressure can be obtained by using a silver electrode at the reference side.
  • such a silver halide partition specifically silver iodide, can be rendered suitable for measuring sulphur pressures by applying a layer of silver sulphide onto the said partition.
  • zirconium oxide can be rendered suitable for measuring or dosing oxygen.
  • both sides of the partition are coated with a porous layer of platinum, which serves as an electrode.
  • FIG. 7 of said United States Patent and the associated description reveal that a gaseous sample, which is isolated in a measuring space, can be analyzed by means of a partition which acts as a pump, oxygen transport taking place through the partition.
  • oxygen is removed from the measuring space or oxygen reacts with a combustible mixture.
  • concentration of a gaseous component such as oxygen or a combustible mixture, can be measured by current and voltage measurements with the aid of electrode layers located on the partition.
  • a gas analysis apparatus as described hereinbefore is characterized in that between the first space and the measuring space a connecting means presenting a high transfer resistance is interposed, which in a filling time t,- brings the ratio of the concentrations of the gaseous component in the two said spaces to substantially unity by diffusion.
  • the apparatus further comprises a control unit for the electric current which after at least the filling time switches on the current during a pumping time t so that the gaseous component in the measuring space is substantially completely removed whereby the ratio of the concentrations in the two spaces becomes substantially zero.
  • the advantage of a gas analysis apparatus according to the invention is that no mechanically moving parts are used, such as valves or cocks, as is the case in the embodiment described in said United States Patent.
  • a further advantage is that by the choice of the filling time t,., the dimensions of the connecting means do not affect the measuring result. Consequently, some measure of contamination is permissible. As a result, the dimensions of the flow passages will change or generally the diffusion rate will decrease. However, allowance can be made for this in determining the filling time 1,.
  • An advantage of the apparatus according to the invention is also that a slight leakage through the walls is permissible, so that especially at high temperatures the sealing problems are mitigated.
  • the concept underlying the invention is based on the very fact that during the pumping time t, the measuring space is to be emptied rapidly as regards the gaseous component to be measured and that subsequently the measuring space may be refilled in a considerably longer time.
  • the inflow of the gaseous component during emptying is so low that a satisfactory null detection is attainable, so that the ratio of the concentrations inside and outside the measuring space is substantially zero.
  • the response is linear, no reference atmosphere is required and a substantial detection signal is obtained, which for example may be of the order of magnitude of 1 volt.
  • a suitable application of the apparatus may be found in the analysis of the exhaust gases of combustion engines where the measuring space is exposed to contamination and high temperatures.
  • the measuring signal of such a gas analysis apparatus can be used in a control system by means of which the engine air-fuel ratio can be optimized.
  • an oxygen measuring cell operating in accordance with the known principle of EMF-measurement using Nernsts law may be less suitable, because at a minimum of air pollution and optimum combustion the percentage of oxygen in the exhaust gases may be fairly high, for example 5%, the reference atmosphere being air with an oxygen content of 20% which means that according to Nemst the resultant EMF is fairly small (millivolts) owing to the logarithmic character. Interference voltages and thermal voltages then become predominant.
  • a gas analysis apparatus according to the invention does not have said drawback.
  • the connecting means may be an opening in the wall of the measuring space, or several parallel openings of smaller diameter.
  • a porous plug or a porous filter element is extremely suitable. It is also possible to use one or more capillaries which can be suitably dimensioned as regards cross-section and length so as to obtain the correct flow resistance.
  • a semipermeable membrane may be used whose diffusion or permeability constant in conjunction with the dimensionsof the membrane determines the rate of transfer.
  • Silicon rubbers, polytetrafluoroethylene or specific metals such as palladium for hydrogen and silver for oxygen may be used, depending on operating temperature and permeability to gas.
  • a connecting means is used which is made of the same substance as the said partition. By electrically interconnecting the electrode layers said connecting means, by way of ion transport, tends to set the same concentration of the relevant gaseous component both at the one side, situated in the first space, and at the other side, situated in the measuring space.
  • embodiments according to the invention in conjunction with the embodiments described hereinbefore, include electronic means capable of rapidly performing the desired control operations and measurements.
  • the control unit in the gas analysis apparatus should comprise a timing circuit which blocks the measurement during at least the filling time I,. and which subsequently starts the measurement, after which this is terminated again as soon as a detector has ascertained that the gaseous component has been removed from the measuring space.
  • a timing circuit which blocks the measurement during at least the filling time I,. and which subsequently starts the measurement, after which this is terminated again as soon as a detector has ascertained that the gaseous component has been removed from the measuring space.
  • the partition itself may be used as a detector to determine that the gaseous component has been removed from the measuring space. At that instant a voltage variation occurs, which can be measured at the electrode layers, such that a stop signal can be obtained which terminates the measurement through level detection with a threshold value or by differentiation. If measured at the same electrode layers to which the electrical pumping current is applied, such a detection circuit may include compensation means to compensate for the IR voltage drop across the cell for a level detector.
  • charge sources may be used, such as charged capacitors, the difference voltage before and after the measurement representing the measuring quantity.
  • constant current sources may be used with a time measurement, or known, small charge doses may be applied, the number of applied doses representing the measuring quantity.
  • a temperature independent measurement can be obtained by making the charge measurement inversely proportional to the absolute temperature either by controllingv the current sources with a signal derived from a transducer in the measuring space or by thus controlling a measuring time-base, for example a clock frequency.
  • Another alternative according to the invention is to provide the measurement space with such materials that the volume is directly proportional to the temperature, i.e. at least for the operating range.
  • FIG. 1 schematically represents a gas analysis apparatus according to the invention
  • FIG. 2 is an embodiment of the measuring space according to the invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a different embodiment of the measuring space.
  • FIG. 4 is an embodiment with separate measuring circuits.
  • FIG. 5 is an embodiment of a measuring space mounted in the exhaust pipe of a combustion engine.
  • FIG. I shows a gas analysis apparatus according to the invention in which the blocks represent electronic means which are assumed to be known to those skilled in the art, so that a further description is dispensed with.
  • a first space I which is bounded by walls 2 and 3, contains a mixture of gases, of which one component, which consists of one sort of gas or of a mixture of certain gases, is to be measured in concentrated form.
  • An enclosed measuring space 4 communicates with the first space 1 via a connecting means 5.
  • the transfer resistance of the connecting means 5 is se' lected so that when the space 4 is almost empty there i is a filling time t in which, through diffusion, the concentration of the gaseous component to be measured attains substantially the same value as the concentration of the gaseous component in the first space I.
  • For the connecting means 5 one opening or several parallel openings may be chosen, or one or several narrow channels or capillaries, or a porous wall section or a semipermeable membrane.
  • a part, if required the greater part, of the walls of the measuring space 4, consists of a partition 6, for example stabilized Zirconium oxide, which exhibits ionic conduction for oxygen.
  • Said partition is provided with electrode layers at both sides which are porous and which are applied as a continuous layer or as electrically isolated layers at either side.
  • a layer 7, 9 and 12 is provided at the inside of the measuring space which cooperates with a layer 8, I0 and 11 respectively at the outside of the measuring space.
  • the electrode layer 10 is connected by a connection 13 via a switch 14, having a symbolically represented switching function, to a charge source 15, which by a connection 16 is connected to the electrode layer 9 via passages in the wall of the measuring space.
  • the charge source 15 supplies a charge to the partition 6 by means of an electrical current. Said charge is measured in the source 15 and is a measure of the concentration of the gaseous component to be measured in the measuring space 4.
  • a measuring signal is available which is proportional to the gas concentration.
  • a detection circuit 18 is connected by a connection 19 to electrode layer 8 and by a connection 20 to electrode layer 7. When the concentration of the gaseous component to be measured in the measuring space has become very low, a sufficiently large signal is available at these layers 7 and 8 to cause the detection circuit to supply a stop signal via a connection 21 to a starting and blocking unit 22, which actuates the switch 14.
  • connection 19 may be combined with connection 13, and the connection 20 with connection 16, because it is also possible to obtain an adequate detection signal across the electrode layers 9 and 10.
  • a temperature measurement if
  • Electrodes 11 and 12 which, via connections 23 and 24, are connected to a temperature measuring circuit 25.
  • the negative temperature coefficient of the partition is then used for the temperature measurement.
  • a signal for controlling the charge measurement in unit 15 is applied from the temperature measuring device 25 to the unit 15 via a connection 26.
  • the unit 22 closes the switch 14 ions will migrate in the partition between the electrode layers 9 and 10 and these ions enter into reactions at the surface of the partition, for example in the case of zirconium oxide, oxygen is transferred from the outside of layer 10 to the measuring space so as to obtain combustion of the combustible components to be measured.
  • the charge may be supplied by discharging capacitors, by constant current sources or by pulse-shaped currents.
  • the voltage difference before and after the measurement represents the measuring value
  • a time measurement is performed and in the case of pulse-shaped currents the number of pulses can be counted.
  • the end of the measurement can be detected in the detection circuit 18 by, for example, differentiating the voltage variation at the electrode layers 7 and 8 or 9 and 10.
  • the measurement of the concentration of the gaseous component can be rendered temperature independent.
  • FIG. 2 shows a mechanical correction for the temperature. A part of the measuring space 4 of FIG. I is shown, the connecting means 5 being a narrow capillary.
  • a wall portion 27 is made of a gastight, movable material which can be moved by a bimetal 28, which through a rigid connection 29 is connected to wall portion 27.
  • the bimetal 28 is firmly clamped in a member 30 which is connected to the wall of the measuring space. If care is taken that the bimetal has the same temperature as the gas in the space 4, the dimensions of the parts 28, 29 and 27 may be selected so that in the temperature range in which gas analysis is to take place, the volume of the measuring space is directly proportional to the absolute temperature T in degrees Kelvin.
  • FIG. 3 shows an alternative solution to make the volume of the measuring space 4 proportional to T.
  • the measuring space 4 with connecting means 5 is symbolically represented.
  • the wall 31 has a coefficient of linear expension as a function of temperature such that, in conjunction with the wall 32, a piston action is obtained. This is because the parts 31 and 32 are mechanically coupled by connecting pieces 33.
  • the coefficient of expansion of the wall 32 differs from that of the wall 31 in such a way that the volume of the mea suring space 4 can be made directly proportional to the absolute temperature.
  • the measuring space 4 is for the greater part enclosed by a partition 34 and a partition 35.
  • the partition 34 comprises an electrode layer 36 on the outside and an electrode layer 37 on the inside of the measuring space.
  • the latter is mechanically and electrically connected through connecting pieces 40 and 41 to the electrode layer 38 of the partition 35 which on the outside is provided with an electrode layer 39.
  • the connecting piece 41 has the narrow opening 5 for the supply of measuring gas from the surrounding space.
  • a voltmeter V monitors the voltage variation and so does a voltmeter V
  • the first voltmeter V is included between the layers 38 and 39, the second voltmeter V being included between the layers 36 and 37.
  • the voltage variation occurs when the partition 35 has reduced the concentration of the gaseous component in the measuring space to substantially zero owing to the applied charge and its ionic conduction, which in practice means that the ratio of the concentrations inside and outside the measuring space has been reduced to substantially zero.
  • FIG. 5 shows an application of a gas analysis apparatus in the exhaust pipe of a combustion engine.
  • the partition 42 is provided with an electrode layer 43 with an active portion 44 in the measuring space-4.
  • the other electrode layer of the partition 42 is designated by 45.
  • the measuring space 4 has a flow passage 5 in a wall 46.
  • the layer 43 is connected to a terminal 47 and the layer 45 to a terminal 48, which permits the measuring charge to be applied from outside the exhaust pipe and which also permits the voltage transient across the layer to be measured after the pumping time 1,,, as described hereinbefore. Via these terminals 47 and 48 it is also possible, by using suitable detection means, to obtain information about the temperature in the measuring space 4, for example by measuring the resistance of the partition 42 and processing the measuring result during the charge measurement.
  • FIG. 5 can be very simple because, for example, the layer 43 can be interconnected to the ground of the combustion engine via a suitable holder which accommodates the assembly, so that only a single measuring lead or an insulated metal tube need be provided to terminal 48.
  • the first space intended in the Application may completely surround the measuring space in contradistinction to the embodiment of FIG. 1, where pumping takes place to or from a third space.
  • a gas analysis apparatus for measuring the concentration of a gaseous component in a first space comprising, a chamber having wall means that define a measuring space which receives a measuring gas sample from the first space via connecting means that presents a high gas flow transfer resistance, said wall means including a partition which is part of a wall section of the measuring space and comprising at least one solid substance exhibiting ionic conduction, first and second electrode layers affixed to opposite sides of said partition for receiving an electric current, so thatby means of a current of ions in the partition the gaseous component is removed from the measuring space, a control unit for applying an electric current to said first and second electrodes during a pumping time t, and including means for interrupting the flow of current to said electrodes during a filling time 1,, the transfer resistance of said connecting means being chosen so that, owing to diffusion, the ratio of the concentrations of the gaseous component in the said two spaces is brought to a substantially unity value during the filling time, and the control unit for the electric current further comprises means for applying an electric current
  • the semipermeable membrane is made of the same solid substance of which the said partition ismade; and that the electrode layers on opposite sides of the partition are interconnected.
  • control unit includes a charge measuring apparatus for measuring the charge supplied by the control unit during the pumping time interval 1,, and further includes a detection circuit, which is connected to'an electrode layer, both at the one side and at the other side of the partition, and which for a specific voltage variation between these electrode layers supplies a stop signal which indicates the end of the charge measurement.
  • a gas analysis apparatus as claimed in claim 6 further comprising a temperature measuring circuits which measures the temperature T in degrees Kelvin in the measuring space and corrects the charge measurement of the charge measuring apparatus at least in the operating temperature range of the measuring space by a factor of UT.
  • a gas analysis apparatus as claimed in claim 6 further comprising means for varying the measuring space volume as a function of temperature so that the volume of the measuring space, at least in the operating temperature range, is proportional to the measuring space absolute temperature T in degrees Kelvin.
  • a gas analysis apparatus for measuring the concentration of a gas component in a gas mixture located within a first space comprising, a chamber having wall sections that define a measuring space for receiving a gas sample from the first space during a first time interval, means for coupling the first space to the measuring space that includes a member having a high gas flow transfer resistance chosen so that the gas diffusion rate from the first space to the measuring space allows the concentration ratio of the said gas' component in said two spaces to achieve a substantially unity value within the first time interval, said chamber including a wall section with a partition comprising a solid substance capable of ionic conduction and with first and second electrode means affixed to opposite sides of the partition, control means coupled to said first and second electrode means for applying an electric current thereto during a second time interval that is substantially shorter than said first time interval whereby the gas component is substantially completely removed from the measuring space via ionic conduction in said partition, said control means including means for interrupting the flow of current to said first and second electrode means during said first time interval.
  • control means includes a source of electric current for said first and second electrode means and detection means connected to said first and second electrode means and responsive to an electric signal developed thereat for causing the control means to interrupt the flow of electric current from said current source to said first and second electrode means when the gas component is substantially completely removed from the measuring space thereby terminating the second time interval, and said control means includes means for measuring the electric charge transferred during the second time interval.
  • a gas analysis apparatus as claimed in claim 15 further comprising means for deriving a control signal determined by the temperature of the measuring space, and means for applying said control signal to the control means for adjusting the electric charge measuring means such that the charge measurement is inversely proportional to said temperature,

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Other Investigation Or Analysis Of Materials By Electrical Means (AREA)
  • Measuring Oxygen Concentration In Cells (AREA)
  • Sampling And Sample Adjustment (AREA)
US392682A 1973-07-09 1973-08-29 Gas analysis apparatus Expired - Lifetime US3907657A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL7309537A NL7309537A (nl) 1973-07-09 1973-07-09 Gasanalyse-apparaat.

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3907657A true US3907657A (en) 1975-09-23

Family

ID=19819225

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US392682A Expired - Lifetime US3907657A (en) 1973-07-09 1973-08-29 Gas analysis apparatus

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (1) US3907657A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
JP (1) JPS5531419B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE2431677C3 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR2237194B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1472423A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
IT (1) IT1015730B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
NL (1) NL7309537A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
SE (1) SE411959B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (35)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS54164191A (en) * 1978-06-16 1979-12-27 Nissan Motor Device for measuring concentration of oxygen
EP0025625A1 (en) * 1979-09-13 1981-03-25 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Gas analysis apparatus
US4272330A (en) * 1980-03-03 1981-06-09 Ford Motor Company Transient mode oxygen sensor and method
JPS56130649A (en) * 1980-03-03 1981-10-13 Ford Motor Co Method of measuring oxygen partial pressure and electrochemical apparatus therefor
US4334510A (en) * 1978-11-21 1982-06-15 Thomson-Csf Electrochemical sensor for measuring relative concentrations of reactive species in a fluid mixture and a system comprising said sensor, especially for regulation
US4381224A (en) * 1981-04-27 1983-04-26 Ford Motor Company Step function lean burn oxygen sensor
US4396466A (en) * 1981-04-27 1983-08-02 Ford Motor Company Absolute pressure sensor
WO1985000658A1 (en) * 1983-07-15 1985-02-14 Ford Motor Company Extended range air fuel ratio sensor
WO1985000659A1 (en) * 1983-07-18 1985-02-14 Ford Motor Company Measuring an extended range of air fuel ratio
WO1985000660A1 (en) * 1983-07-18 1985-02-14 Ford Motor Company Steady-state method for determining rich air/fuel ratios
US4505790A (en) * 1981-05-25 1985-03-19 Ngk Insulators, Ltd. Oxygen concentration regulation
US4545889A (en) * 1983-12-06 1985-10-08 U.S. Philips Corporation Gas analysis apparatus
US4547281A (en) * 1983-11-21 1985-10-15 Gte Laboratories Incorporated Gas analysis apparatus
US4568443A (en) * 1984-09-06 1986-02-04 Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha Air-to-fuel ratio sensor
US4574042A (en) * 1983-02-14 1986-03-04 Fuji Electric Corporate Research & Development Co., Ltd. Gas analyzing apparatus
US4622125A (en) * 1982-04-12 1986-11-11 Hitachi, Ltd. Oxygen concentration control system
US4668374A (en) * 1986-07-07 1987-05-26 General Motors Corporation Gas sensor and method of fabricating same
EP0193123A3 (en) * 1985-02-28 1987-10-21 Hitachi, Ltd. Air-fuel ratio detection system
US4741817A (en) * 1980-11-17 1988-05-03 Socapex Electrochemical sensor for the concentration of aspects in a fluid mixture and system for regulating the richness of an air-fuel mixture utilizing such a sensor
US4752361A (en) * 1985-02-14 1988-06-21 Bbc Brown, Boveri & Company, Ltd. Process for measuring the oxygen content in the exhaust of internal-combustion engines
US4755274A (en) * 1983-11-18 1988-07-05 Ngk Insulators, Ltd. Electrochemical sensing element and device incorporating the same
US4880519A (en) * 1988-05-24 1989-11-14 Gte Laboratories Incorporated Gas sensor element
US4897174A (en) * 1988-05-24 1990-01-30 Gte Laboratories Incorporated Gas sensing apparatus
US5007988A (en) * 1987-09-08 1991-04-16 Westinghouse Electric Corp. Method for determining the concentration of a plurality of combustible gases in a stream
EP0429397A3 (en) * 1989-11-17 1992-01-02 Orbisphere Laboratories Neuchatel Sa Method and apparatus for monitoring gas concentrations in a fluid
US5178744A (en) * 1988-10-31 1993-01-12 Fujikura Ltd. Oxygen sensor device
US5389223A (en) * 1988-07-23 1995-02-14 Robert Bosch Gmbh Electrochemical measuring sensor
US5558752A (en) * 1995-04-28 1996-09-24 General Motors Corporation Exhaust gas sensor diagnostic
US6289884B1 (en) 2000-06-14 2001-09-18 Caterpillar Inc. Intake air separation system for an internal combustion engine
WO2001027602A3 (en) * 1999-10-15 2001-12-13 Delphi Tech Inc Gas sensor design and method for using the same
US6453893B1 (en) 2000-06-14 2002-09-24 Caterpillar Inc Intake air separation system for an internal combustion engine
US6543428B1 (en) 2000-06-14 2003-04-08 Caterpillar Inc. Intake air separation system for an internal combustion engine
US20060290525A1 (en) * 2002-09-12 2006-12-28 Andersen Donald P Gas alert for medical gas system
US9808655B2 (en) 2010-02-26 2017-11-07 Zodiac Aerotechnics Method for determining partial pressure of a gaseous constituent and regulator of breathing mask for aircraft occupant
US20220003730A1 (en) * 2020-07-02 2022-01-06 Panasonic Intellectual Property Management Co., Ltd. Gas sensor device

Families Citing this family (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CA1071709A (en) * 1975-12-05 1980-02-12 Arnold O. Isenberg Gas analysis apparatus
US4158166A (en) * 1976-11-24 1979-06-12 Westinghouse Electric Corp. Combustibles analyzer
US4088543A (en) * 1976-09-10 1978-05-09 Westinghouse Electric Corp. Technique for protecting sensing electrodes in sulfiding environments
US4151060A (en) * 1978-02-01 1979-04-24 Westinghouse Electric Corp. Solid state filter for gas sensors
FR2404848A1 (fr) * 1978-09-29 1979-04-27 Sybron Corp Dispositif a electrolyte solide pour la surveillance d'un constituant dans un melange fluide
DE2928496A1 (de) * 1979-07-14 1981-01-29 Bosch Gmbh Robert Elektrochemischer messfuehler fuer die bestimmung des sauerstoffgehaltes in gasen
JPS5670457A (en) * 1979-11-15 1981-06-12 Toshiba Corp Analyzing device for density of oxygen
JPS5797439A (en) * 1980-12-09 1982-06-17 Toray Ind Inc Oxygen sensor
EP0066583A1 (de) * 1980-12-12 1982-12-15 Programmelectronic Engineering Ag Verfahren zum bestimmen des partialdruckes eines gases sowie sonde zur ausführung des verfahrens
JPS5819553A (ja) * 1981-07-27 1983-02-04 Nippon Denso Co Ltd 多機能酸素濃度検出器
JPS6024445A (ja) * 1983-07-20 1985-02-07 Toyota Motor Corp 空燃比検出器
JPS61247957A (ja) * 1985-04-25 1986-11-05 Honda Motor Co Ltd 酸素濃度検出装置
JPH057854A (ja) * 1991-07-04 1993-01-19 Uchinami:Kk 被洗浄物に対して洗浄液の噴射位置を回転させる洗浄方法

Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3162585A (en) * 1960-04-12 1964-12-22 Mine Safety Appliances Co Continuous automatic coulometric titration system
US3282803A (en) * 1961-02-22 1966-11-01 Voith Gmbh J M Measuring oxygen absorption
US3328277A (en) * 1964-04-03 1967-06-27 Honeywell Inc Oxygen sensor with a scavenger electrode
US3400054A (en) * 1966-03-15 1968-09-03 Westinghouse Electric Corp Electrochemical method for separating o2 from a gas; generating electricity; measuring o2 partial pressure; and fuel cell
US3514377A (en) * 1967-11-27 1970-05-26 Gen Electric Measurement of oxygen-containing gas compositions and apparatus therefor
US3654112A (en) * 1967-07-20 1972-04-04 Philips Corp Device for measuring and dosing a gas
US3661724A (en) * 1970-04-02 1972-05-09 Beckman Instruments Inc Closed loop hygrometry
US3698384A (en) * 1970-11-03 1972-10-17 Westinghouse Electric Corp Oxygen consumption rate monitor
US3727058A (en) * 1971-02-16 1973-04-10 Hughes Aircraft Co Hydrogen ion device
US3768259A (en) * 1971-07-06 1973-10-30 Universal Oil Prod Co Control for an engine system

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3699032A (en) * 1969-06-20 1972-10-17 Univ Ohio Devices for the control of agents in fluids

Patent Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3162585A (en) * 1960-04-12 1964-12-22 Mine Safety Appliances Co Continuous automatic coulometric titration system
US3282803A (en) * 1961-02-22 1966-11-01 Voith Gmbh J M Measuring oxygen absorption
US3328277A (en) * 1964-04-03 1967-06-27 Honeywell Inc Oxygen sensor with a scavenger electrode
US3400054A (en) * 1966-03-15 1968-09-03 Westinghouse Electric Corp Electrochemical method for separating o2 from a gas; generating electricity; measuring o2 partial pressure; and fuel cell
US3654112A (en) * 1967-07-20 1972-04-04 Philips Corp Device for measuring and dosing a gas
US3514377A (en) * 1967-11-27 1970-05-26 Gen Electric Measurement of oxygen-containing gas compositions and apparatus therefor
US3661724A (en) * 1970-04-02 1972-05-09 Beckman Instruments Inc Closed loop hygrometry
US3698384A (en) * 1970-11-03 1972-10-17 Westinghouse Electric Corp Oxygen consumption rate monitor
US3727058A (en) * 1971-02-16 1973-04-10 Hughes Aircraft Co Hydrogen ion device
US3768259A (en) * 1971-07-06 1973-10-30 Universal Oil Prod Co Control for an engine system

Cited By (38)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS54164191A (en) * 1978-06-16 1979-12-27 Nissan Motor Device for measuring concentration of oxygen
US4334510A (en) * 1978-11-21 1982-06-15 Thomson-Csf Electrochemical sensor for measuring relative concentrations of reactive species in a fluid mixture and a system comprising said sensor, especially for regulation
EP0025625A1 (en) * 1979-09-13 1981-03-25 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Gas analysis apparatus
US4384935A (en) * 1979-09-13 1983-05-24 U.S. Philips Corporation Gas analysis apparatus
JPS56130649A (en) * 1980-03-03 1981-10-13 Ford Motor Co Method of measuring oxygen partial pressure and electrochemical apparatus therefor
US4272330A (en) * 1980-03-03 1981-06-09 Ford Motor Company Transient mode oxygen sensor and method
EP0035400B1 (en) * 1980-03-03 1985-05-29 Ford Motor Company Limited Apparatus and method for measuring the partial pressure of a gas
US4741817A (en) * 1980-11-17 1988-05-03 Socapex Electrochemical sensor for the concentration of aspects in a fluid mixture and system for regulating the richness of an air-fuel mixture utilizing such a sensor
US4381224A (en) * 1981-04-27 1983-04-26 Ford Motor Company Step function lean burn oxygen sensor
US4396466A (en) * 1981-04-27 1983-08-02 Ford Motor Company Absolute pressure sensor
US4505790A (en) * 1981-05-25 1985-03-19 Ngk Insulators, Ltd. Oxygen concentration regulation
US4622125A (en) * 1982-04-12 1986-11-11 Hitachi, Ltd. Oxygen concentration control system
US4574042A (en) * 1983-02-14 1986-03-04 Fuji Electric Corporate Research & Development Co., Ltd. Gas analyzing apparatus
WO1985000658A1 (en) * 1983-07-15 1985-02-14 Ford Motor Company Extended range air fuel ratio sensor
WO1985000660A1 (en) * 1983-07-18 1985-02-14 Ford Motor Company Steady-state method for determining rich air/fuel ratios
WO1985000659A1 (en) * 1983-07-18 1985-02-14 Ford Motor Company Measuring an extended range of air fuel ratio
US4755274A (en) * 1983-11-18 1988-07-05 Ngk Insulators, Ltd. Electrochemical sensing element and device incorporating the same
US4547281A (en) * 1983-11-21 1985-10-15 Gte Laboratories Incorporated Gas analysis apparatus
US4545889A (en) * 1983-12-06 1985-10-08 U.S. Philips Corporation Gas analysis apparatus
US4568443A (en) * 1984-09-06 1986-02-04 Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha Air-to-fuel ratio sensor
US4752361A (en) * 1985-02-14 1988-06-21 Bbc Brown, Boveri & Company, Ltd. Process for measuring the oxygen content in the exhaust of internal-combustion engines
EP0193123A3 (en) * 1985-02-28 1987-10-21 Hitachi, Ltd. Air-fuel ratio detection system
US4716760A (en) * 1985-02-28 1988-01-05 Hitachi, Ltd. Air-fuel ratio detection system
US4668374A (en) * 1986-07-07 1987-05-26 General Motors Corporation Gas sensor and method of fabricating same
US5007988A (en) * 1987-09-08 1991-04-16 Westinghouse Electric Corp. Method for determining the concentration of a plurality of combustible gases in a stream
US4880519A (en) * 1988-05-24 1989-11-14 Gte Laboratories Incorporated Gas sensor element
US4897174A (en) * 1988-05-24 1990-01-30 Gte Laboratories Incorporated Gas sensing apparatus
US5389223A (en) * 1988-07-23 1995-02-14 Robert Bosch Gmbh Electrochemical measuring sensor
US5178744A (en) * 1988-10-31 1993-01-12 Fujikura Ltd. Oxygen sensor device
EP0429397A3 (en) * 1989-11-17 1992-01-02 Orbisphere Laboratories Neuchatel Sa Method and apparatus for monitoring gas concentrations in a fluid
US5558752A (en) * 1995-04-28 1996-09-24 General Motors Corporation Exhaust gas sensor diagnostic
WO2001027602A3 (en) * 1999-10-15 2001-12-13 Delphi Tech Inc Gas sensor design and method for using the same
US6289884B1 (en) 2000-06-14 2001-09-18 Caterpillar Inc. Intake air separation system for an internal combustion engine
US6453893B1 (en) 2000-06-14 2002-09-24 Caterpillar Inc Intake air separation system for an internal combustion engine
US6543428B1 (en) 2000-06-14 2003-04-08 Caterpillar Inc. Intake air separation system for an internal combustion engine
US20060290525A1 (en) * 2002-09-12 2006-12-28 Andersen Donald P Gas alert for medical gas system
US9808655B2 (en) 2010-02-26 2017-11-07 Zodiac Aerotechnics Method for determining partial pressure of a gaseous constituent and regulator of breathing mask for aircraft occupant
US20220003730A1 (en) * 2020-07-02 2022-01-06 Panasonic Intellectual Property Management Co., Ltd. Gas sensor device

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE2431677B2 (de) 1981-03-26
JPS5034590A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1975-04-02
SE7408872L (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1975-01-10
FR2237194B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1978-11-24
FR2237194A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1975-02-07
NL7309537A (nl) 1975-01-13
IT1015730B (it) 1977-05-20
SE411959B (sv) 1980-02-11
JPS5531419B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1980-08-18
DE2431677A1 (de) 1975-02-06
DE2431677C3 (de) 1982-02-04
GB1472423A (en) 1977-05-04

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US3907657A (en) Gas analysis apparatus
US3691023A (en) Method for polarographic measurement of oxygen partial pressure
EP0035400B1 (en) Apparatus and method for measuring the partial pressure of a gas
US4272330A (en) Transient mode oxygen sensor and method
US3514377A (en) Measurement of oxygen-containing gas compositions and apparatus therefor
US4384935A (en) Gas analysis apparatus
US2898282A (en) Electrolytic oxygen analysis
US4547281A (en) Gas analysis apparatus
US4282078A (en) Solid state sensor for anhydrides
US3442773A (en) Electrochemical gas measuring systems
Lindner et al. Switched wall jet for dynamic response measurements
US4391690A (en) Apparatus for monitoring SO2 concentrations
US6309534B1 (en) Apparatus and method for measuring the composition of gases using ionically conducting electrolytes
EP0073153A2 (en) Improved solid electrolyte gas sensing apparatus
US3188854A (en) Gas sampling means
Laitinen et al. Potentiometric Determination of Oxygen Using the Dropping Mercury Electrode1
EP0307143A2 (en) Method for determining the concentration of a plurality of combustible gases in a stream
EP0150182A4 (en) MEASURING AN EXTENDED RANGE OF AIR / FUEL RATIO.
SU1453301A1 (ru) Способ определени состава газа
SU1114354A3 (ru) Проточный электрохимический анализатор реакционной газовой смеси
RU2099697C1 (ru) Датчик кислорода дымовых газов
Guillet et al. The influence of the electrode size on the electrical response of a potentiometric gas sensor to the action of oxygen
SU1013833A1 (ru) Электрохимическа чейка дл измерени концентрации кислорода
JPH06109695A (ja) ジルコニアガス分析計
Bode et al. On-line failure detection for potentiometric solid-electrolyte oxygen gas sensors