US3907210A - Apparatus to improve combustion of fuel - Google Patents

Apparatus to improve combustion of fuel Download PDF

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Publication number
US3907210A
US3907210A US457878A US45787874A US3907210A US 3907210 A US3907210 A US 3907210A US 457878 A US457878 A US 457878A US 45787874 A US45787874 A US 45787874A US 3907210 A US3907210 A US 3907210A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
envelope
sleeve
openings
air
side wall
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US457878A
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English (en)
Inventor
Jr Irving A Dow
Carl A Gersitz
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Individual
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Individual
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Publication date
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Priority to US457878A priority Critical patent/US3907210A/en
Priority to DE19752514652 priority patent/DE2514652A1/de
Priority to FR7510639A priority patent/FR2266857B3/fr
Priority to JP50041152A priority patent/JPS50143125A/ja
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3907210A publication Critical patent/US3907210A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23M—CASINGS, LININGS, WALLS OR DOORS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, e.g. FIREBRIDGES; DEVICES FOR DEFLECTING AIR, FLAMES OR COMBUSTION PRODUCTS IN COMBUSTION CHAMBERS; SAFETY ARRANGEMENTS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION APPARATUS; DETAILS OF COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F23M9/00—Baffles or deflectors for air or combustion products; Flame shields
    • F23M9/02—Baffles or deflectors for air or combustion products; Flame shields in air inlets
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C7/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for air supply
    • F23C7/02—Disposition of air supply not passing through burner
    • F23C7/06—Disposition of air supply not passing through burner for heating the incoming air
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
    • Y02E20/34—Indirect CO2mitigation, i.e. by acting on non CO2directly related matters of the process, e.g. pre-heating or heat recovery

Definitions

  • the present invention has for its objective to improve upon the device of said prior patent by the provision of an apparatus which is capable of more evenly heating the secondary combustion air in a greater number of heating stages, followed by more even delivery of the secondary air into the flame at spaced intervals along its length.
  • an even hotter and more controlled flame is achieved with an even greater savings of fuel and a further increase in boiler efficiency.
  • a correspondingly greater reduction in soot deposited on the surrounding walls of the furnace chamber is achieved, as well as an increased reduction in pollutants reaching the atmosphere.
  • the smaller and more controlled flame is prevented from impinging directly on the surrounding surfaces of the furnace chamber and boiler.
  • FIG. I is a vertical sectional view taken through an oil-fired boiler equipped with secondary combustion air delivery means embodying the invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a plan view of the secondary air delivery means, partly in section and partly broken away.
  • FIG. 3 is an end elevation of the same.
  • FIG. 4 is a central vertical longitudinal section through the air delivery means.
  • FIG. 5 is a transverse vertical section taken on line 55 of FIG. 4.
  • FIG. 6 is an end elevation showing a modification of 'the invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a plan view of the apparatus of FIG. 6.
  • FIG. 8 is a longitudinal vertical section taken on line '8-8 of FIG. 6.
  • the numeral 10 designates the furnace chamber of a fire tube boiler having banks of fire tubes 11 and 12 above the furnace chamber, the upper bank of tubes delivering the combustion gases to a chimney 13.
  • the boiler vessel through which the boiler fire tubes extend is designated by the numeral 14.
  • a conventional cone oil burner 15 produces a sub stantially horizontal flame 16 in the upper part of the furnace chamber 10 as shown approximately in FIG. 1.
  • the invention proper for delivering preheated secondary combustion air directly into the flame 16 in a controlled and uniform manner has the ability to produce a hotter flame and a smaller flame of more uniform heat than one which will require a minimum amount of fuel to maintain in comparison to a conventional arrangement where the invention is not employed.
  • the invention comprises a secondary air preheating, distribution and delivery apparatus 17 which receives air at boiler room temperature from a fan 18 having an adjustable outlet valve 19. From this point, the pressurized air is delivered through a suitable hose 20 to an interior sleeve 21 of the invention which extends through an opening 22 in the adjacent furnace wall and is suitably coupled to the hose 20.
  • the sleeve 21 extends forwardly of the burner 15 for a considerable distance in the furnace chamber 10 near and above the floor thereof. It has a forward end wall 23 provided with a small aperture 24 for directing a small longitudinal air jet against a fixed inclined baffle plate 25 carried by the end wall 23 immediately below the aperture 24.
  • the sleeve 21 is additionally provided in its bottom with preferably four equidistantly spaced relatively large discharge openings 26.
  • an outer cylindrical sleeve or envelope 27 Surrounding the sleeve 21 for the major portion of its length in the furnace chamber 10 is an outer cylindrical sleeve or envelope 27 having end walls 28 which are joined to the inner sleeve 21 in a gas-tight manner.
  • the two sleeves 21 and 27 are concentrically arranged to form between them an annular chamber 29.
  • This chamber is divided into upper and lower sections by a pair of diametrically arranged internal baffle plates 30 rigidly connected between the two sleeves 21 and 27.
  • the baffle plates 30 each have a plurality of equidistantly spaced openings 31, such as eight openings formed therethrough, the openings 31 being smaller than the openings 26.
  • the envelope or sleeve 27 is provided in 'its top with a longitudinal row of relatively smaller openings 32, such as eight openings, and these are diametrically opposite to the openings 26 and are spaced 90 circumferentially from the two baffle plates 30.
  • openings 32 face upwardly directly under the longitudinal axis of the flame 16.
  • air is delivered at boiler room temperature by the fan 18 to the interior of sleeve 21 where back pressure is created due to the closed end wall 23 which has only the small aperture 24.
  • the pressurized air in the sleeve 21 is distributed evenly through the relatively large openings 26 into the annular chamber 29 below the baffle plates 30.
  • the air receives a first stage i of heating by conduction and convection while within
  • the air thus heated in the first stage in sleeve 21 then exits downwardly through the openings 26, as described, and enters the lower portion of chamber 29 below baffle plates 30.
  • a precalculated volume of air also exits through aperture 24 and is deflected upwardly by element 25 as a single angled jet 33, FIG. 1.
  • This heated air jet is applied to the end or tail of the flame 16 to create turbulence in the flame and to atomize particles therein to assure complete combustion.
  • Most of the air from interior sleeve 21 enters and fills the lower part of annular chamber 29 and is somewhat restricted therein by baffle plates causing an evening of pressure in the lower chamber portion.
  • the air in this lower chamber portion therefore lingers somewhat for a longer second stage of heating above the temperature of first stage heating.
  • the temperature in the second stage is raised by contact of the air with envelope 27 which is a heat sink or radiator in reverse. It must be recognized that the air has exited downwardly from openings 26 and has its direction reversed by the bottom of envelope 27 before beginning to flow upwardly toward the openings 31. During this reversal and gradual upward flow, the air will bathe the very hot surface of the envelope 27 and absorb its heat. Beginning at the bottom of the envelope directly below the openings 26, the air circulates over every square inch of the heated surface of the outer envelope.
  • Each equally sized opening 32 directs an equal volume of preheated air at a uniform elevated temperature and a uniform pressure toward the flame 16 causing essential turbulence along the length of the flame and injecting directly into the flame precisely the required amount of excess or secondary combustion air for maximum efficiency. Too much secondary air or too little is avoided by the invention and herein resides the chief feature of the invention which distinguishes it from the prior art. This chief feature can be described as the ability of the apparatus 17 to deliver evenly to all parts of the flame jets of preheated secondary air which are almost perfectly uniform as to temperature, volume and pressure or velocity. In contrast to this, prior devices lacked the ability to deliver the air evenly to the flame and also lacked the ability to preheat the air in three stages.
  • FIGS. 6 through 8 depict a modification of the invention in the form of a low profile appartus 35 particu' larly suitable for a cylindrical boiler 36.
  • twin sleeves or barrels 37 are joined by a coupling 38 to a common fan, not shown, similar to the fan 18.
  • a low profile exterior envelope 39 surrounds the barrels 37 throughout most of their lengths inside of the furnace chamber.
  • the envelope 39 has end walls 40 joined to the barrels 37 in a gas-tight manner to form a rigid construction.
  • a relatively large internal chamber 41 is provided between the barrels 37 and the two walls of the low profile envelope 39. This chamber is interrupted at the tops of the barrels 37 by a pair of baffles 42 which interconnect the top wall of the envelope 39 with the barrels.
  • the two baffles 42 are solid or unapertured throughout their lengths inside of the envelope 39.
  • Each barrel 37 has a plurality of spaced openings 43 whose axes are inclined and divergent above the horizontal, whereby air discharging through the openings 43 will bathe the top wall of envelope 39 and will flow outwardly away from baffles 42, following a downward course, and then returning toward the center of the envelope, FIG. 6, below the two barrels and then upwardly between the barrels and baffles 42.
  • each barrel 37 has a forward end wall 44 provided with a single port 45 in the form of a slot, see FIG. 6.
  • Upturned deflector plates 46 secured to end walls 44 divert single jets of heated air upwardly into the tail of the flame 16 for the purposes served by the jet 33 of the previous embodiment.
  • the slots 45 and deflector plates 46 are convergent upwardly, FIG. 6, so that the two air jets discharging at the ends of the barrels 37 will be directed toward the center of the flame.
  • the envelope 39 is provided in its top wall midway between the two barrels 37 and baffles 42 with a row of equidistantly spaced discharge openings 47 which correspond in purpose to the openings 32 of the previous embodiment. That is to say, the preheated secondary combustion air exiting from the openings 47 will be delivered into the flame 16, across the axis thereof with even elevated temperature, volume and intensity for the same purposes fully described above in connection with the air jets 34.
  • the secondary combustion air will be heated in only two stages rather than three, the first heating stage being within the barrels 37 and the second stage being within the envelope 39 while the air is traveling from the openings 43 toward the discharge openings 47.
  • the modified form of the invention results in the application to the burner flame 16 throughout its length of secondary air which is uniform or constant as to temperature, pressure and volume.
  • the general mode of operation of the apparatus remains the same in both forms of the invention, in that the' apparatus serves very efficiently to preheat, evenly distribute, and deliver the air to the flame.
  • An apparatus for delivering preheated secondary air into a burner flame comprising a sleeve adapted to receive air from a fan and having a plurality of longitudinally spaced openings in its side wall, an envelope surrounding said sleeve and side wall openings and joined to the sleeve to form between the sleeve and the envelope a chamber for air, said envelope having a plurality of longitudinally spaced air discharge openings formed through its side wall remotely from the sleeve wall openings, and baffle means interposed between the sleeve and envelope side wall openings to regulate the passage of air from the former to the latter, said baffle means extending from the outer surface of said sleeve to the inner surface of said envelope, thereby defining a first and second cavity, means for forcing said air to contact said envelope in a lingering fashion for causing heat transfer from said envelope to said air comprising openings in said baffle means.
  • An appartus for delivering preheated secondary air into a burner flame comprising a sleeve adapted to receive air from a fan and having a plurality of longitudinally spaced openings in its side wall, an envelope surrounding said sleeve and side wall openings and joined to the sleeve to form between the sleeve and the envelope a chamber for air, said envelope having a plurality of longitudinally spaced air discharge openings formed through its side wall remotely from the sleeve side wall openings, and baffle means interposed between the sleeve and envelope side wall openings to regulate the passage of air from the former to the latter, said sleeve and envelope are concentric cylinders and said baffle means consists of a pair of baffle plates extending diametrically of the sleeve and envelope in the chamber formed therebetween, said baffle plates each having a plurality of longitudinally spaced equally sized openmgs.
  • An apparatus for delivering preheated secondary air into a burner flame comprising a sleeve adapted to receive air from a fan and having a plurality of longitudinally spaced openings in its wall, an envelope surrounding said sleeve and side wall openings and joined to the sleeve to form between the sleeve and the envelope a chamber for air, said envelope having a plurality of longitudinally spaced air discharge openings formed through its side wall remotely from the sleeve side wall openings, and baffle means interposed between the sleeve and envelope side wall openings to regulate the passage of air from the former to the latter, and a pair of sleeves in spaced parallel relationship each having plural longitudinally spaced side wall openings, a coupling element common to said sleeves connected to corresponding ends thereof and adapted to receive air from a fan source, and said envelope being a low profile envelope surrounding the pair of sleeves and their openings and having plural spaced discharge openings in one side wall thereof between said sleeves, and said baffle means consisting of a pair of
  • said low profile envelope comprising a pair of opposing arcuate side walls joined at corresponding edges substantially outwardly on opposite sides of said sleeves and being symmetrical about said sleeves, the curvature of said envelope side walls conforming substantially to the curvature of a circular boiler with which the apparatus is employed.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion Of Fluid Fuel (AREA)
  • Air Supply (AREA)
  • Gas Burners (AREA)
US457878A 1974-04-04 1974-04-04 Apparatus to improve combustion of fuel Expired - Lifetime US3907210A (en)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US457878A US3907210A (en) 1974-04-04 1974-04-04 Apparatus to improve combustion of fuel
DE19752514652 DE2514652A1 (de) 1974-04-04 1975-04-03 Vorrichtung zum zufuehren vorerwaermter sekundaerluft fuer oelfeuerungen
FR7510639A FR2266857B3 (2) 1974-04-04 1975-04-04
JP50041152A JPS50143125A (2) 1974-04-04 1975-04-04

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US457878A US3907210A (en) 1974-04-04 1974-04-04 Apparatus to improve combustion of fuel

Publications (1)

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US3907210A true US3907210A (en) 1975-09-23

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US (1) US3907210A (2)
JP (1) JPS50143125A (2)
DE (1) DE2514652A1 (2)
FR (1) FR2266857B3 (2)

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3974966A (en) * 1975-08-20 1976-08-17 Avco Corporation Miniature flat spray nozzle
US3990433A (en) * 1975-07-30 1976-11-09 Keating Richard T Gas burner flame temperature amplifier
US4578248A (en) * 1981-07-29 1986-03-25 Nagaoka Kanaami Kabushiki Kaisha Distributor/collector assembly
US4667882A (en) * 1981-10-15 1987-05-26 West Point Pepperell, Inc. Device for applying foam to textiles
US5022352A (en) * 1990-05-31 1991-06-11 Mor-Flo Industries, Inc. Burner for forced draft controlled mixture heating system using a closed combustion chamber
US5025831A (en) * 1990-08-24 1991-06-25 Exxon Research & Engineering Company Compact radial flow distributor
US5029598A (en) * 1989-04-21 1991-07-09 Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft Process for the uniform introduction of a fluid, and apparatus for carrying out the process
US5240411A (en) * 1992-02-10 1993-08-31 Mor-Flo Industries, Inc. Atmospheric gas burner assembly
US5743727A (en) * 1997-01-21 1998-04-28 Burner Systems International, Inc. Premixed gas burner
US20080223266A1 (en) * 2007-03-13 2008-09-18 Central Boiler, Inc. Wood fired boiler

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1610542A (en) * 1926-04-27 1926-12-14 Wilson Alva Raymond Gas burner
US3291182A (en) * 1965-02-23 1966-12-13 Dow Means for improving combustion of fuel
US3446566A (en) * 1967-05-01 1969-05-27 Teledyne Inc Compact high capacity gas burner
US3531053A (en) * 1969-10-09 1970-09-29 Westvaco Corp Steam distribution system
US3599877A (en) * 1969-07-02 1971-08-17 Burroughs Corp Nozzle arrangement for forming fluid wave
US3610530A (en) * 1969-12-19 1971-10-05 Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd Method for spreading powder and device therefor

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1610542A (en) * 1926-04-27 1926-12-14 Wilson Alva Raymond Gas burner
US3291182A (en) * 1965-02-23 1966-12-13 Dow Means for improving combustion of fuel
US3446566A (en) * 1967-05-01 1969-05-27 Teledyne Inc Compact high capacity gas burner
US3599877A (en) * 1969-07-02 1971-08-17 Burroughs Corp Nozzle arrangement for forming fluid wave
US3531053A (en) * 1969-10-09 1970-09-29 Westvaco Corp Steam distribution system
US3610530A (en) * 1969-12-19 1971-10-05 Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd Method for spreading powder and device therefor

Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3990433A (en) * 1975-07-30 1976-11-09 Keating Richard T Gas burner flame temperature amplifier
US3974966A (en) * 1975-08-20 1976-08-17 Avco Corporation Miniature flat spray nozzle
US4578248A (en) * 1981-07-29 1986-03-25 Nagaoka Kanaami Kabushiki Kaisha Distributor/collector assembly
US4667882A (en) * 1981-10-15 1987-05-26 West Point Pepperell, Inc. Device for applying foam to textiles
US5029598A (en) * 1989-04-21 1991-07-09 Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft Process for the uniform introduction of a fluid, and apparatus for carrying out the process
US5095930A (en) * 1989-04-21 1992-03-17 Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft Process for the uniform introduction of a fluid, and apparatus for carrying out the process
US5022352A (en) * 1990-05-31 1991-06-11 Mor-Flo Industries, Inc. Burner for forced draft controlled mixture heating system using a closed combustion chamber
US5025831A (en) * 1990-08-24 1991-06-25 Exxon Research & Engineering Company Compact radial flow distributor
US5240411A (en) * 1992-02-10 1993-08-31 Mor-Flo Industries, Inc. Atmospheric gas burner assembly
US5743727A (en) * 1997-01-21 1998-04-28 Burner Systems International, Inc. Premixed gas burner
US20080223266A1 (en) * 2007-03-13 2008-09-18 Central Boiler, Inc. Wood fired boiler
US7954438B2 (en) * 2007-03-13 2011-06-07 Dennis Brazier Wood fired boiler

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2266857A1 (2) 1975-10-31
JPS50143125A (2) 1975-11-18
DE2514652A1 (de) 1975-10-23
FR2266857B3 (2) 1977-12-16

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