US3905555A - Apparatus for depositing solid carbon dioxide - Google Patents

Apparatus for depositing solid carbon dioxide Download PDF

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Publication number
US3905555A
US3905555A US427398A US42739873A US3905555A US 3905555 A US3905555 A US 3905555A US 427398 A US427398 A US 427398A US 42739873 A US42739873 A US 42739873A US 3905555 A US3905555 A US 3905555A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
nozzle
passage
control valve
duct
carbon dioxide
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US427398A
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English (en)
Inventor
Henry Charles Gateshill
Norris Wilfred Shepherd
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Air Products and Chemicals Inc
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Air Products and Chemicals Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Air Products and Chemicals Inc filed Critical Air Products and Chemicals Inc
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3905555A publication Critical patent/US3905555A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F25D3/00—Devices using other cold materials; Devices using cold-storage bodies
    • F25D3/12—Devices using other cold materials; Devices using cold-storage bodies using solidified gases, e.g. carbon-dioxide snow
    • F25D3/127—Stationary devices with conveyors carrying articles to be cooled through the cooling space
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
    • A23L3/00—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs
    • A23L3/36—Freezing; Subsequent thawing; Cooling
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
    • A23L3/00—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs
    • A23L3/36—Freezing; Subsequent thawing; Cooling
    • A23L3/361—Freezing; Subsequent thawing; Cooling the materials being transported through or in the apparatus, with or without shaping, e.g. in form of powder, granules, or flakes
    • A23L3/362—Freezing; Subsequent thawing; Cooling the materials being transported through or in the apparatus, with or without shaping, e.g. in form of powder, granules, or flakes with packages or with shaping in form of blocks or portions
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
    • C01B32/50—Carbon dioxide
    • C01B32/55—Solidifying

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to apparatus for depositing solid carbon dioxide in the form of a fine powder hereinafter called snow.
  • the spindle is preferably movable axially relative to the housing to enable control or adjustment of the passage cross-section.
  • the present invention in broad terms is not limited to apparatus employing such a nozzle but can employ any type of nozzle suitable for releasing compressed liquid carbon dioxide to produce carbon dioxide snow.
  • apparatus for the production of carbon dioxide snow comprising a nozzle connected upstream of a control valve.
  • the control valve should be of a type capable of resisting the full pressure of the liquid carbon dioxide in the off position and should afford a through passage of a sufficiently large cross-sectional area as to offer substantially no resistance to the flow of carbon dioxide snow when open.
  • control valve is a rotary ball valve.
  • ball valves are well-known commercial products and comprise a rotatable steel ball having a through passage and fitting in a seat in a tubular duct so that in the off position the through passage is at right angles to the duct and in the on position it is aligned axially with the duct.
  • Conventional ball valves of this type normally have a through passage of restricted diameter relative to the duct but the preferred ball valve used in the present invention has a through passage which is of substantially the same diameter as the duct, so that in the open position a virtually unobstructed passage is presented to the snow leaving the nozzle.
  • the duct in the control valve preferably has substantially the same diameter as the adjacent end of the mouth of the nozzle, and the duct in the control valve preferably has a counterbore into which the nozzle is directly secured.
  • shut-down valve is preferably inserted in the input line to the nozzle for use when the nozzle is out of operation for long periods, while the nozzle is in the course of intermittent use the liquid carbon dioxide is fed unobstructed to the nozzle and the flow is entirely controlled by the control valve downstream of the nozzle.
  • the control valve particularly in the form of a rotary ball valve as described, is conveniently operated by means of a pneumatic or electrical actuator and a plurality of nozzle and valve combinations may be con- 5 trolled from a single actuator.
  • the preferred form of apparatus employs a central actuator, preferably of the pneumatic type, connected to a pair of nozzle/valve combinations, one on each side.
  • a short expansion head may be secured tothe downstream end of the control valve duct, e.g., by having a tubular spigot secured in a counterbore in that end of the duct.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 areside elevational views of a nozzle and valve assembly in accordance with the invention, FIG. 1 showing the open condition of the valves and FIG. 2
  • the assembly illustrated comprises a central pneumatic actuator I of a standard commercial type employing a through axle 2 which rotates 90 between end positions mounted to each side of.
  • the actuator in line with the axle 2, by means of brackets 3, is a pair of rotary ball valves 4, 4 which are identical Worcester ball valves modified in that the through passages 5, 5 in the balls 6, 6' are bored out to the same diameter as the ducts 7, 7 of the valves.
  • the balls 6, 6' are secured to respective axles 8, 8 which are connected to respective ends of the axle 2 by means of couplings 9, 9.
  • the upstream ends 10, I of the ducts 7, 7 of the valves are counterbored and into these counterborcs are secured the mouth ends of nozzles 11, II for producing carbon dioxide snow from liquid carbon dioxide supplied under pressure through pipes I2, 12' from a single pipe 13 with a shut-down valve 14.
  • the mouth 15, 15 of the nozzles are clear of the balls 6, 6 of the valves 4, 4', and the ducts 7, 7 have the same diameter as the adjacent ends of the mouths.
  • downstream ends l6, 16' of the ducts 7, 7' of the valves are counterbored and threaded to receive externally threaded tubular spigots l7, 17 of expansion heads 18, 18 having frusto-conical inner surfaces I9, 19.
  • the actuator l is energised by air or (conveniently) gaseous carbon dioxide supplied through a pipe 20, to rotate the balls 6, 6 synchronously from the closed position (FIG. 2) to the open position (FIG. I) and viceversa.
  • the nozzle mouths 15, 15 and upstream portions of the ducts 7, 7 are filled with liquid carbon dioxide.
  • the valves When the valves are opened, the liquid carbon dioxide expands through the nozzles and forms snow which passes through the passages 5, and the downstream portions of the ducts to the expansion heads I8, 18'.
  • An apparatus for the production of carbon dioxide snow which comprises:
  • a rotary ball control valve comprising 1. a seat, 2. a rotatable ball fitted into said seat, said ball having a through passage therein, and 3. a duct having substantially the same diameter as said. through passage and being axially aligned with said through passage when said control valve is in an on position, and b. a nozzle having a bore terminating in an outwardly expanding mouth, the adjacent end of which is connected upstream of said control valve. 7 2. The apparatus as in claim I wherein said duct has substantially the same diameter as the adjacent end of said mouth.
  • said nozzle comprises a hollow housing member having a central bore terminating is said outwardly expanding mouth and a spindle centrally supported within said bore and terminating in an expanding head defining an annular passage with said bore.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Nutrition Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Carbon And Carbon Compounds (AREA)
  • Taps Or Cocks (AREA)
US427398A 1973-06-01 1973-12-21 Apparatus for depositing solid carbon dioxide Expired - Lifetime US3905555A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB2634973 1973-06-01

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3905555A true US3905555A (en) 1975-09-16

Family

ID=10242290

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US427398A Expired - Lifetime US3905555A (en) 1973-06-01 1973-12-21 Apparatus for depositing solid carbon dioxide

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US3905555A (xx)
BE (1) BE809016A (xx)
FR (1) FR2231622B3 (xx)
IT (1) IT1002352B (xx)
NL (1) NL7317332A (xx)
ZA (1) ZA739376B (xx)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4750331A (en) * 1985-10-02 1988-06-14 L'air Liquide Process for the surface cooling of food products
US5551207A (en) * 1993-07-12 1996-09-03 Nestec S.A. Apparatus utilizing CO2 snow for preparing layered food products
WO1997046839A3 (de) * 1996-05-31 1998-01-22 Aga Ab Expansionsdüse und verfahren zur erzeugung von kohlendioxidschnee
US6000238A (en) * 1997-08-12 1999-12-14 The Boc Group, Inc. Carbon dioxide snow blanketing device
US20090314010A1 (en) * 2006-07-10 2009-12-24 L'air Liquide Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude Cryogenic Fluid Injection System for Processing Products in Bulk and Method of Cooling Implementing Said System

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2109966A (en) * 1935-03-25 1938-03-01 Pyrene Mfg Co Fluid container
US2289352A (en) * 1938-12-22 1942-07-14 Cardox Corp Fire extinguisher discharge apparatus
US2457526A (en) * 1945-09-15 1948-12-28 Brown Daniel Fire hose nozzle
US3447755A (en) * 1966-12-05 1969-06-03 Horace A Cartwright Spray nozzle and alignment arrangement therefor

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2109966A (en) * 1935-03-25 1938-03-01 Pyrene Mfg Co Fluid container
US2289352A (en) * 1938-12-22 1942-07-14 Cardox Corp Fire extinguisher discharge apparatus
US2457526A (en) * 1945-09-15 1948-12-28 Brown Daniel Fire hose nozzle
US3447755A (en) * 1966-12-05 1969-06-03 Horace A Cartwright Spray nozzle and alignment arrangement therefor

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4750331A (en) * 1985-10-02 1988-06-14 L'air Liquide Process for the surface cooling of food products
US5551207A (en) * 1993-07-12 1996-09-03 Nestec S.A. Apparatus utilizing CO2 snow for preparing layered food products
WO1997046839A3 (de) * 1996-05-31 1998-01-22 Aga Ab Expansionsdüse und verfahren zur erzeugung von kohlendioxidschnee
US6073864A (en) * 1996-05-31 2000-06-13 Aga Aktiebolag Metering expansion nozzle for CO2
US6000238A (en) * 1997-08-12 1999-12-14 The Boc Group, Inc. Carbon dioxide snow blanketing device
US20090314010A1 (en) * 2006-07-10 2009-12-24 L'air Liquide Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude Cryogenic Fluid Injection System for Processing Products in Bulk and Method of Cooling Implementing Said System
US8621878B2 (en) 2006-07-10 2014-01-07 L'air Liquide Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude Cryogenic fluid injection system for processing products in bulk and method of cooling implementing said system

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE2363718A1 (de) 1974-12-19
FR2231622A1 (xx) 1974-12-27
FR2231622B3 (xx) 1976-03-19
DE2363718B2 (de) 1977-05-18
NL7317332A (xx) 1974-12-03
ZA739376B (en) 1974-11-27
IT1002352B (it) 1976-05-20
BE809016A (fr) 1974-04-16

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