US3904905A - Luminous radiation panel apparatus - Google Patents
Luminous radiation panel apparatus Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3904905A US3904905A US336063A US33606373A US3904905A US 3904905 A US3904905 A US 3904905A US 336063 A US336063 A US 336063A US 33606373 A US33606373 A US 33606373A US 3904905 A US3904905 A US 3904905A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- substrates
- oxide
- electrodes
- radiation panel
- cathodes
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- PLDDOISOJJCEMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N neodymium(3+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Nd+3].[Nd+3] PLDDOISOJJCEMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910000420 cerium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoceriooxy)cerium Chemical compound [Ce]=O.O=[Ce]=O BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910001954 samarium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229940075630 samarium oxide Drugs 0.000 claims description 5
- FKTOIHSPIPYAPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N samarium(iii) oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Sm+3].[Sm+3] FKTOIHSPIPYAPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910003451 terbium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- SCRZPWWVSXWCMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N terbium(iii) oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Tb+3].[Tb+3] SCRZPWWVSXWCMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910001928 zirconium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000531 Co alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052754 neon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- GKAOGPIIYCISHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N neon atom Chemical compound [Ne] GKAOGPIIYCISHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- KFVLFWWLSIOANK-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium cobalt Chemical compound [Co].[Co].[Co].[Co].[Co].[Ce] KFVLFWWLSIOANK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000990 Ni alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- WITQLILIVJASEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium nickel Chemical compound [Ni].[Ce] WITQLILIVJASEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 19
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000011253 protective coating Substances 0.000 description 11
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 230000007480 spreading Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 description 2
- -1 such as Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000636 Ce alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JXBFBSYDINUVRE-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Ne].[Ar] Chemical compound [Ne].[Ar] JXBFBSYDINUVRE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NYTPHKKFHSCEIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium nickel Chemical compound [Ni].[Ni].[Ni].[Ce] NYTPHKKFHSCEIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052729 chemical element Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000012489 doughnuts Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910003437 indium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PJXISJQVUVHSOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium(iii) oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[In+3].[In+3] PJXISJQVUVHSOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000670 limiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000136 polysorbate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000003449 preventive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J17/00—Gas-filled discharge tubes with solid cathode
- H01J17/38—Cold-cathode tubes
- H01J17/48—Cold-cathode tubes with more than one cathode or anode, e.g. sequence-discharge tube, counting tube, dekatron
- H01J17/49—Display panels, e.g. with crossed electrodes, e.g. making use of direct current
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J17/00—Gas-filled discharge tubes with solid cathode
- H01J17/38—Cold-cathode tubes
- H01J17/48—Cold-cathode tubes with more than one cathode or anode, e.g. sequence-discharge tube, counting tube, dekatron
- H01J17/49—Display panels, e.g. with crossed electrodes, e.g. making use of direct current
- H01J17/492—Display panels, e.g. with crossed electrodes, e.g. making use of direct current with crossed electrodes
Definitions
- LUIVIINOUS RADIATION PANEL APPARATUS Masanori Watanabe, Osaka; Kinzo Nonomura, Kadoma, all of Japan; Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Inc., Osaka, Japan Filed:
- the present invention relates to a luminous radiation panel apparatus and, more particularly to an apparatus which utilizes the phenomenon of electric discharge.
- an insulating separator 4 having a large number of holes 3 arranged regularly in rows and columns is disposed between an insulating substrate 1 constituting the back side and a transparent glass substrate 2 constituting the front side.
- the separator 4 is formed on one surface thereof with a plurality of grooves 5 each thereof interconnecting the holes 3 in one column.
- An electrode 6 consisting of a metal wire is disposed in each of the grooves 5.
- These component parts are brought together as a unit which is put to use after the whole unit has been enclosed and hermetically sealed by a glass seal or the like.
- an inert gas is also filled in each of the holes 3 in the separator 4 under a pressure ranging from several tens mm H to several hundreds mm H,,.
- the separator 4 is to prevent the occurrence of discharge between the electrodes other than the selected ones and to protect the substrates 1 and 2 from being damaged or deformed under the influence of atmospheric pressure.
- the provision of the separator 4 is essential in known apparatus of this type because in such apparatus a bias voltage higher than the discharge voltage is preliminarily applied to each of the electrodes 6 and 8 in consideration of the ease of the occurrence of discharge and discharge area and the fact that an inert gas is filled at a pressure considerably lower than the atmospheric pressure as mentioned above. Therefore, there is a tendency to cause a discharge between the adjacent electrodes 6 and 8. Namely, without the provision of the separator 4, misoperation occurs causing a discharge between the adjacent electrodes 6 and 8.
- the materials generally used in the manufacture of such negative electrodes include nickel, iron, cobalt alloys, platinum, etc.
- these materials are disadvantageous in that they are subject to sputtering, liable to cause variation in the discharge conditions with the discharge time; particularly where the evaporation deposited negative electrodes are used, it is possible to maintain a stable discharge only for about several or several tens of hours.
- a phosphor is coated on the inner wall of holes formed in a separator provided to confine the discharge area, while in another form of such heretofore proposed apparatus a phosphor is provided in the form of a doughnut around the discharge area.
- the principal object of the present invention is to eliminate the provision of any separator which confines the discharge area.
- the prior art apparatus of the former type is impractical, while a disadvantage of the latter prior art apparatus is that a large portion of generated ultraviolet ray is radiated in the direction vertical to the negative electrode or positive electrode surface and a very small proportion of the generated ultraviolet ray is radiated along the surface of each electrode with the result that a small proportion of the ultraviolet ray is radiated onto the doughnut-shaped phosphor provided around the discharge area; hence the luminous brightness is decreased.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a prior art luminous radiation panel apparatus
- FIG. 2 is a side sectional view of an embodiment of a luminous radiation pane] apparatus according to the present invention
- FIG. 3 is a plan view of FIG. 1 showing an example of the arrangement of the electrodes in the apparatus of FIG. 2;
- FIG. 4 is an enlarged side sectional view showing a modified form of the apparatus of FIG. 2;
- FIG. 5 is a plan view of the electrode arrangement in the apparatus of FIG. 4;
- FIG. 6 is a perspective view of the apparatus of FIG. 4 showing its first substrate side
- FIG. 7 is an enlarged side sectional view showing another modification of the apparatus shown in FIG. 2;
- FIG. 8 is an enlarged side sectional view showing a modified form of the apparatus shown in FIG. 4;
- FIG. 9 is a perspective view showing the second substrate side of another modification of the apparatus shown in FIG. 2;
- FIG. 10 is an enlarged side sectional view of another embodiment of the apparatus according to the invention which is adapted for color display;
- FIG. 11 is an enlarged side sectional view showing a modified form of the apparatus shown in FIG. 10.
- FIG. 12 is an enlarged side sectional view showing another modification of the apparatus shown in FIG. 10.
- numerals 11 and 12 designate insulating substrates made of ceramic, glass or the like and having on the respective surfaces thereof a plurality of first and second electrodes 13 and 14 made of parallel strips of metal, such as, nickel or aluminum having a width not exceeding several millimeters and formed by the evaporation or printing process.
- Numeral l5 designates spacers made of ceramic, glass or the like which keep the first and second substrates l1 and 12 apart from each other at a predetermined distance as will be explained'later.
- Numeral l6 designates a sealing member attached by an adhesive, e.g., epoxy resin to enclose and hermetically seal the first and second substrates 11 and 12. and the spacers 15.
- an adhesive e.g., epoxy resin
- the second electrodes 14 are also transparent.
- the transparent electrodes may be made of a material such as SnO or ln O
- a gas e.g., a mixed gasof neon and argon gases through which discharge occurs upon application of a relatively low voltage, is filled between the first and second substrates 11 and 12 at a pressure on the order of 760 mm Hg.
- the distance between the electrodes 13 and 14 is selected such that theproduct of the distance therebetween and the pressure of the gas provides a minimum firing potential.
- the product of the pressure of the gas and the distance between the electrodes 13 and 14 must be within the range between 5 to mm Hgcm to provide the minimum firing potential. Therefore, if the gas is filled at a pressure of about 760 mm Hg, then the distance be tween the electrodes 13 and 14 must be between 0.065 and 0.25 mm. Though the value of this distance is considerably small as compared with the width of the electrodes l3 and 14, it is still sufficient to produce a locally controlled discharge.
- a positive polarity pulse for example, is applied to a selected one of a plurality of the first electrodes 13 and a negative polarity pulse is applied to a selected one of the plurality of the second electrodes 14 in synchronism with the positive polarity pulse and if, in this case, the absolute value of the pulses is selected such that the sum of their absolute values exceeds the firing potential but the absolute value of the individual pulse is lower than the firing potential, then the discharge is established only at the intersection of the selected electrodes.
- the pulse voltage in the respective groups of the electrodes 13 and 14 the luminous spots can be obtained all over the surface of the panel in response to the applied signals, thereby displaying any desired image. If it is arranged so that the peak value or width of the pulse varies in accordance with the input signal, the brightness of respective spots may be varied and hence an image of good tone may be obtained.
- the pressure of the contained gas is substantially equal to 760 mm Hg and therefore there is no danger of the apparatus breaking down or becoming deformed under the influence of the atmospheric pressure. Furthermore, the fact that the pressure of the contained gas is selected high, is a great advantage since the diffusion of the plasma of the discharge can be confined to a very narrow area.
- the Paschens law states that the value of the firing potential is minimum at a certain value of the product of the pressure p of a contained gas and the distance d between two electrodes. Accordingly, in the case of the previously described mixed gas of neon and argon, if the pressure of the contained gas is 760 mm Hg, then the firing potential assumes a minimum value when the distance between the electrodes 13 and 14 is within the range from 0.065 to 0.25. On the other hand, since the width of the electrodes 13 and 14 is generally on the order of 0.5 to 1 mm, a locally controlled discharge can still occur satisfactorily even though the distance between the electrodes 13 and 14 is selected considerably small as compared with the width of the electrodes.
- the area of the discharge was about 0.06 mm (0.3 mm in diameter) when the pressure of the gas was 760 mm Hg and the discharge could occur between the electrodes of 0.4 mm in width.
- practically no plasma of the discharge was allowed to spread out from the edges of the electrodes and it was found that if the spacing between adjacent electrodes were selected about the same as the distance between the opposed electrodes, the plasma of the discharge would not diffuse to the adjacent electrodes, causing an erroneous discharge between the electrodes and the adjacent electrodes.
- the problem of such a phenomenon may be overcome by a method of coating an electrode with an insulating material excepting that portion of the electrode where discharge shouldtake place, thereby limiting the discharging portion of the electrode.
- FIG. 4 illustrates an enlarged view of the electrodes 13 and 14.
- numeral 17 designates an insulating coating consisting of a coating of an spacing between the openings 18 substantially equal to or greater than the distance between the electrodes 13 and 14, it is possible to prevent the spreading out of the plasma fromthe discharge'portion to the adjacent portions to cause the occurrence of erroneous discharge.
- both electrodes 13 and 14 maybe coated with an insulating material excepting those portions which are opposed to each other so that an AC signal may be applied between the electrodes 13 and l4-t0 cause a discharge therebetween.
- FIG. 7 illustrates an enlarged sectional view of another embodiment of the apparatus of the invention wherein a protective coating 19 of an oxide of a rare 'earth element is applied for example on the surface of the first electrodes 13 (constituting the negative electrodes) exposed to the space containing the gas.
- the application of the protective coating 19 of the rare earth element oxide on the surface of theelectrodes 13, i.e., the negative electrodes exposed to the space containing the gas has the effect of preventing damage to the first electrodes 13 due to the sputtering providing a longer life therefor, and also the effect of preventing a rise .
- the firing potential which is believed due to the influence of impurity gases entered through the sealing member 16 into the space containing the gas or the occurrence of a local arc-like discharge at the intersection of the electrodes 13 and 14, thereby stabilizing the discharge.
- the oxide of the rare earth element constitutes a semi-conducting coating which, though its specific resistance is high at room temperature, may be used as a material for negative electrodes since the total resistance over the surface of the coating may be reduced satisfactorily if the coating is applied in a thickness ranging from 500 to 2,000 A.
- the oxides of rare earth elements suitable for the protective coating 19 include cerium oxide (CeO terbium oxide (Tb O neodymium oxide (Nd O and samarium oxide (Sm O Also, an alloy ofcerium and. nickel and an alloy of cerium and cobalt as well as zirconium oxide are suitable materials for the protective coating 19.
- the oxides of rare earth elements are heat resisting materials and thus they also have an advantage in that in the manufacturing processof electrodes these materials can be subjeeted .for example to heat treatment in an oxygen atmosphere (e.g., in the atmospheric pressure) and therefore the treatment can be accomplished without the danger of the electrodes becoming oxidized, thereby considerably reducing the manufacturing cost.
- the experiments conducted by the inventors showed that with the luminous radiation panel apparatus constructed as shown in FIG. 7, wherein the first electrodes 13 were made of nickel and the cerium oxide protective coating 19 of about 1,000 A thick was applied on the surface of the first electrodes 13 exposed to the space containing the gas, the life of the apparatus was about 500 times that of the conventional apparatus of the type employing no protective coating on the surface of the first electrodes 13 and the discharge characteristic was also stable.
- FIG. 8 is a modified form of the apparatus of FIG. 4, wherein a protective coating 20 consisting of a rare earth element oxide is applied on the surface of the first electrodes 13 exposed to the space containing the gas. While, in this modification, the protective coating 20 has been applied to expose the insulating coating 17 to the space containing the gas, the protective coating 20 may be applied to cover the insulating coating 17.
- a protective coating 20 consisting of a rare earth element oxide
- the protective coating p may also be used for the protective coating p
- the first electrodes 13 constituting the negative electrodes have been covered by the insulating coating 17 excepting those portions intersecting the second electrodes 14 constituting the positive electrodes and since the protective coating 20 has been applied on the surface portions of the first electrodes 13 which were not covered by the insulating coating 17, i.e., exposed to the space containing the gas, there is no danger of the first electrodes l3-suffering damage due to the sputtering.
- movement of the luminous spot at the first electrodes 13 can be prevented, thus ensuring'a longer life and a stable discharge.
- FIG/9 illustrates an enlarged perspective view of another modification of the apparatus shown in FIG. 2, wherein an insulating coating 21 consisting of silicon dioxide (Si 0 for example, is applied on the surface of the second electrodes 14 constituting the positive electrodes excepting those portions which intersect the first electrodes 13 constituting the negative electrodes.
- an insulating coating 21 consisting of silicon dioxide (Si 0 for example, is applied on the surface of the second electrodes 14 constituting the positive electrodes excepting those portions which intersect the first electrodes 13 constituting the negative electrodes.
- the discharge area formed on the surface of the second electrodes 14 is confined within narrow limits, thereby effecting the display with higher resolution.
- numerals 22, 23 and 24 respectively designate, for example, stripes of red, green and blue phosphors for producing respectively red, green and blue colored lights, and the phosphor stripes 22, 23 and 24 are arranged side by side in the virticaldlreetion with respect to the illustration. These phosphors may also be arranged in the form of dots.
- Numeral 25 designates a thin transparent sheet of glass applied in the front of the phosphor group and capable of transmitting ultraviolet rays there-through
- numeral 14 designates a plurality of stripes of transparent electrodes each consisting of a Nesa coating, indium oxide coating or the like which are placed on the glass sheet 25 and arranged in the same direction and in parallel with the phosphor stripes. The spacing between the electrodes 14 is made smaller than the width of the electrodes.
- a plurality of electrodes 13 are arranged substantially perpendicular to the electrodes 14.
- the apparatus of FIG. 1 1 is identical with the apparatus shown in FIG. excepting that a coating 26 of a material which prevents the transmission of ultraviolet ray thcrethrough is provided between the second electrodes 14.
- a coating 26 of a material which prevents the transmission of ultraviolet ray thcrethrough is provided between the second electrodes 14.
- the apparatus of FIG. 10 there is the danger that a portion of the ultraviolet ray may fall on the adjacent phosphor stripes which constitute picture ele ments thus causing the phosphor stripes other than the desired one to produce light.
- the provision of the ultraviolet ray preventive coating 26 between the second electrodes 14 completely prevents the ultraviolet ray produced at the discharge area from leaking obliquely and hence there is no possibility of the adjacent phosphor stripes constituting. other picture elements being excited and caused to produce light.
- FIG. 12 differs from the apparatus of FIG. 10 in that an opaque conductive metallic coating 27 is provided on each side of the respective second electrodes 14. In this way, it is possible to completely prevent any portion of the ultraviolet ray gener ated at the discharge area from leaking obliquely and exciting and causing the adjacent phosphor stripes to produce light. Furthermore, the provision of the coating 27 has the effect of considerably reducing the resistance value of the second electrode 14 which generally has a high resistance. Particularly, where it is desired to display a large picture or it is necessary to reduce the width of the transparent electrodes to obtain an improved resolution, the aforementioned effects provide great advantages.
- a luminous radiation panel apparatus comprising a mixture of neon and argon gases having a pressure of approximately 760 mm Hg, and said distance between said anodes and cathodes is selected between 0.065 and 0.25 mm.
- a luminous radiation panel apparatus according to claim 1, wherein an insulating coating is applied at least to the surface of said plurality of cathodes on the other one of said opposed substrates excepting those surface portions opposite to said plurality of anodes on the one of said substrates.
- a luminous radiation panel apparatus wherein a semiconductive coating of an oxide of a rare earth element is applied at least to the surface of said plurality of cathodes on the other one of said substrates.
- a luminous radiation panel apparatus wherein said oxide is selected from the group consisting of cerium oxide, terbium oxide, neodymium oxide, and samarium oxide.
- a luminous radiation panel apparatus wherein a semiconductive coating of a material selected from the group consisting of zirconium oxide, ceriumnickel alloy and cerium-cobalt alloy is applied at least to the surface of said plurality of cathodes on the other one of said substrates.
- a luminous radiation panel apparatus wherein a coating of an oxide of a rare earth element is applied to said surface portions of said plurality of cathodes on said other one of said substrates which are exposed to said space containing said gas.
- a luminous radiation panel apparatus wherein said oxide is selected from the group consisting of cerium oxide, terbium oxide, neodymium oxide and samarium oxide.
- a luminous radiation panel apparatus wherein a zirconium oxide coating is applied to said surface portions of said plurality of cathodes on said other one of said substrates which are exposed to said space containing said gas.
Landscapes
- Gas-Filled Discharge Tubes (AREA)
Abstract
An improved luminous radiation panel apparatus of the type in which no separator is used between two substrates and which is thus simple to manufacture, free from erroneous discharge, longer in life and capable of producing a stable discharge. Furthermore, the apparatus has high resolution and brightness and there is no possibility that the excitation of a selected phosphor simultaneously excites the adjacent phosphors. The apparatus is adapted to make a display in color and is suited as a display device, particularly as a television apparatus or character display device.
Description
United States Patent Watanabe et al.
LUIVIINOUS RADIATION PANEL APPARATUS Inventors: Masanori Watanabe, Osaka; Kinzo Nonomura, Kadoma, all of Japan; Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Inc., Osaka, Japan Filed:
Feb. 26, 1973 App]. No.: 336,063
Sept. 9, 1975 [56] References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 3,499,167 3/1970 Baker et al. 313/188 3,787,106 l/1974 Scherinerhorn 313/220 Primary Examinef-R. V. Rollneo Assistant ExaminerDarwin R. Hostetter Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Stevens, Davis, Miller & Mosher [5 7 ABSTRACT An improved luminous radiation panel apparatus of the type in which no separator is used between two substrates and which is thus simple to manufacture, free from erroneous discharge, longer in life and capable of producing a stable discharge. Furthermore, the apparatus has high resolution and brightness and there is no possibility that the excitation of a selected phosphor simultaneously excites the adjacent phosphors. The apparatus is adapted to make a display in color and is suited as a display device, particularly as a television apparatus or character display device.
9 Claims, 12 Drawing Figures PATENTED 9l975 3,904,905
sum 1 u; g
The present invention relates to a luminous radiation panel apparatus and, more particularly to an apparatus which utilizes the phenomenon of electric discharge.
Various types of luminous radiation panel apparatus utilizing the phenomenon of electric discharge have been proposed and their application to practical use has been under way. In known apparatus of this type, as for example illustrated in FIG. 1 of the accompanying drawings, an insulating separator 4 having a large number of holes 3 arranged regularly in rows and columns is disposed between an insulating substrate 1 constituting the back side and a transparent glass substrate 2 constituting the front side. The separator 4 is formed on one surface thereof with a plurality of grooves 5 each thereof interconnecting the holes 3 in one column. An electrode 6 consisting of a metal wire is disposed in each of the grooves 5. A plurality of grooves .7 extending perpendicular to the grooves 5, i.e., in the direction of the breadth, are formed on the other surface of the separator 4 and a wire electrode 8 is disposed in each of the grooves 7. These component parts are brought together as a unit which is put to use after the whole unit has been enclosed and hermetically sealed by a glass seal or the like. In this process, an inert gas is also filled in each of the holes 3 in the separator 4 under a pressure ranging from several tens mm H to several hundreds mm H,,.
In this prior art apparatus, when a DC or AC voltage is applied between a selected one of the plurality of electrodes 6 and a selected one of the plurality of electrodes 8, a luminous discharge occurs in that hole 3 located at the intersection of the selected electrodes. In this apparatus, the purpose of the separator 4 is to prevent the occurrence of discharge between the electrodes other than the selected ones and to protect the substrates 1 and 2 from being damaged or deformed under the influence of atmospheric pressure.
In other words,'the provision of the separator 4 is essential in known apparatus of this type because in such apparatus a bias voltage higher than the discharge voltage is preliminarily applied to each of the electrodes 6 and 8 in consideration of the ease of the occurrence of discharge and discharge area and the fact that an inert gas is filled at a pressure considerably lower than the atmospheric pressure as mentioned above. Therefore, there is a tendency to cause a discharge between the adjacent electrodes 6 and 8. Namely, without the provision of the separator 4, misoperation occurs causing a discharge between the adjacent electrodes 6 and 8.
However, the provision of such a separator makes the manufacture of apparatus of this type considerably difficult and therefore apparatus having such a separator trodes due to sputtering occurs, causing a reduction in the life of the apparatus, a reduction in the transmission factor of the light produced by the discharge due to the deposition of the sputtered metallic atoms on the surface of the substrates 1 and 2 and the occurrence of inter-electrode short-circuit.
The materials generally used in the manufacture of such negative electrodes include nickel, iron, cobalt alloys, platinum, etc. However, these materials are disadvantageous in that they are subject to sputtering, liable to cause variation in the discharge conditions with the discharge time; particularly where the evaporation deposited negative electrodes are used, it is possible to maintain a stable discharge only for about several or several tens of hours.
On the other hand, where it is desired to effect the display in color in known apparatus of this type, it has been customary to irradiate a phosphor with a ultraviolet ray produced by the discharge, thu' producing a luminous color which is dependent upon the nature of a particular phosphor used. Since the ultraviolet ray produced by the discharge at the intersection of a negative electrode and a positive electrode radially diverges similarly as the visible light, it is necessary to reduce the distance between a phosphor and a source of ultraviolet ray as near as possible, if the same area of the phosphor as the discharge area must be caused to luminesce. According to one form of heretofore proposed apparatus, a phosphor is coated on the inner wall of holes formed in a separator provided to confine the discharge area, while in another form of such heretofore proposed apparatus a phosphor is provided in the form of a doughnut around the discharge area. In contrast, the principal object of the present invention is to eliminate the provision of any separator which confines the discharge area. The prior art apparatus of the former type is impractical, while a disadvantage of the latter prior art apparatus is that a large portion of generated ultraviolet ray is radiated in the direction vertical to the negative electrode or positive electrode surface and a very small proportion of the generated ultraviolet ray is radiated along the surface of each electrode with the result that a small proportion of the ultraviolet ray is radiated onto the doughnut-shaped phosphor provided around the discharge area; hence the luminous brightness is decreased.
It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a luminous radiation panel apparatus which eliminates the use of separator, excludes the danger of the substrates breaking down and becoming distorted, and prevents the occurrence of erroneous discharge between the electrodes adjacent to selected electrodes and which is longer in life and ensures stable discharge and higher resolution.
It is another object of the present invention to provide a luminous radiation panel apparatus which is capable of producing a light of high brightness, preventing the excitation of phosphors adjacent to a selected one, and effecting the display in color.
Many other objects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from considering the following detailed description in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a prior art luminous radiation panel apparatus;
FIG. 2 is a side sectional view of an embodiment of a luminous radiation pane] apparatus according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a plan view of FIG. 1 showing an example of the arrangement of the electrodes in the apparatus of FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is an enlarged side sectional view showing a modified form of the apparatus of FIG. 2;
FIG. 5 is a plan view of the electrode arrangement in the apparatus of FIG. 4;
FIG. 6 is a perspective view of the apparatus of FIG. 4 showing its first substrate side;
FIG. 7 is an enlarged side sectional view showing another modification of the apparatus shown in FIG. 2;
FIG. 8 is an enlarged side sectional view showing a modified form of the apparatus shown in FIG. 4;
FIG. 9 is a perspective view showing the second substrate side of another modification of the apparatus shown in FIG. 2;
FIG. 10 is an enlarged side sectional view of another embodiment of the apparatus according to the invention which is adapted for color display;
FIG. 11 is an enlarged side sectional view showing a modified form of the apparatus shown in FIG. 10; and
FIG. 12 is an enlarged side sectional view showing another modification of the apparatus shown in FIG. 10.
The present invention will now be described in greater detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
In the embodiment shown in FIG. 2, numerals 11 and 12 designate insulating substrates made of ceramic, glass or the like and having on the respective surfaces thereof a plurality of first and second electrodes 13 and 14 made of parallel strips of metal, such as, nickel or aluminum having a width not exceeding several millimeters and formed by the evaporation or printing process. Numeral l5 designates spacers made of ceramic, glass or the like which keep the first and second substrates l1 and 12 apart from each other at a predetermined distance as will be explained'later. Numeral l6 designates a sealing member attached by an adhesive, e.g., epoxy resin to enclose and hermetically seal the first and second substrates 11 and 12. and the spacers 15. As shown in FIG. 3, either of the first and second electrodes 13 and 14 are arranged vertically in the illustration and the other is arranged substantially perpendicular to the former.
If one of the substrates 11 and 12, e.g., the second substrate 12 is transparent, then it is preferable that the second electrodes 14 are also transparent. The transparent electrodes may be made of a material such as SnO or ln O A gas, e.g., a mixed gasof neon and argon gases through which discharge occurs upon application of a relatively low voltage, is filled between the first and second substrates 11 and 12 at a pressure on the order of 760 mm Hg. The distance between the electrodes 13 and 14 is selected such that theproduct of the distance therebetween and the pressure of the gas provides a minimum firing potential. In other words, if a neon-argon mixture gas is employed, the product of the pressure of the gas and the distance between the electrodes 13 and 14 must be within the range between 5 to mm Hgcm to provide the minimum firing potential. Therefore, if the gas is filled at a pressure of about 760 mm Hg, then the distance be tween the electrodes 13 and 14 must be between 0.065 and 0.25 mm. Though the value of this distance is considerably small as compared with the width of the electrodes l3 and 14, it is still sufficient to produce a locally controlled discharge.
In the apparatus constructed as above described, if a positive polarity pulse, for example, is applied to a selected one of a plurality of the first electrodes 13 and a negative polarity pulse is applied to a selected one of the plurality of the second electrodes 14 in synchronism with the positive polarity pulse and if, in this case, the absolute value of the pulses is selected such that the sum of their absolute values exceeds the firing potential but the absolute value of the individual pulse is lower than the firing potential, then the discharge is established only at the intersection of the selected electrodes. In this way, by sequentially applying the pulse voltage in the respective groups of the electrodes 13 and 14, the luminous spots can be obtained all over the surface of the panel in response to the applied signals, thereby displaying any desired image. If it is arranged so that the peak value or width of the pulse varies in accordance with the input signal, the brightness of respective spots may be varied and hence an image of good tone may be obtained.
In the panel luminous radiation panel apparatus according to this embodiment, the pressure of the contained gas is substantially equal to 760 mm Hg and therefore there is no danger of the apparatus breaking down or becoming deformed under the influence of the atmospheric pressure. Furthermore, the fact that the pressure of the contained gas is selected high, is a great advantage since the diffusion of the plasma of the discharge can be confined to a very narrow area.
It has been found experimentally that the diffusion of the plasma of the discharge does not spread out from the end of an electrode beyond a distance which is approximately equal to one between two adjacent electrodes, if the gas pressure is on the order of 760 mm Hg. Accordingly, if the distance between the adjacent electrodes is selected approximately equal to or greater than the distance between the opposed electrodes, it is possible to prevent the plasma of the discharge from diffusing and spreading to the adjacent electrodes and thus causing misoperation. This eliminates the use of a separator which has heretofore been used to confine the discharge area.
This point will be explained further in some detail. As is known in the art, the Paschens law states that the value of the firing potential is minimum at a certain value of the product of the pressure p of a contained gas and the distance d between two electrodes. Accordingly, in the case of the previously described mixed gas of neon and argon, if the pressure of the contained gas is 760 mm Hg, then the firing potential assumes a minimum value when the distance between the electrodes 13 and 14 is within the range from 0.065 to 0.25. On the other hand, since the width of the electrodes 13 and 14 is generally on the order of 0.5 to 1 mm, a locally controlled discharge can still occur satisfactorily even though the distance between the electrodes 13 and 14 is selected considerably small as compared with the width of the electrodes. This has been confirmed by the results of the experiments conducted by the inventors. Namely, the area of the discharge was about 0.06 mm (0.3 mm in diameter) when the pressure of the gas was 760 mm Hg and the discharge could occur between the electrodes of 0.4 mm in width. Thus, practically no plasma of the discharge was allowed to spread out from the edges of the electrodes and it was found that if the spacing between adjacent electrodes were selected about the same as the distance between the opposed electrodes, the plasma of the discharge would not diffuse to the adjacent electrodes, causing an erroneous discharge between the electrodes and the adjacent electrodes.
' jittering may be'caused where the area of the cathode spot increases or the cathode spot rapidly moves over .the surface of the negative electrode. As a result, the
discharge area'apparently spreads out to the outside of the intersection of the selected electrodes. The problem of such a phenomenon may be overcome by a method of coating an electrode with an insulating material excepting that portion of the electrode where discharge shouldtake place, thereby limiting the discharging portion of the electrode.
FIG. 4 illustrates an enlarged view of the electrodes 13 and 14. Let it be assumed for purposes of description that the first electrodes 13 on the first substrate 1 1 are used as the negative electrodes and the second electrodes 14 on the second substrate 12 are used as the positive electrodes. In the figure, numeral 17 designates an insulating coating consisting of a coating of an spacing between the openings 18 substantially equal to or greater than the distance between the electrodes 13 and 14, it is possible to prevent the spreading out of the plasma fromthe discharge'portion to the adjacent portions to cause the occurrence of erroneous discharge.
While the above description has been made with reference" to the case where the apparatus is operated on a DC current, both electrodes 13 and 14 maybe coated with an insulating material excepting those portions which are opposed to each other so that an AC signal may be applied between the electrodes 13 and l4-t0 cause a discharge therebetween.
FIG. 7 illustrates an enlarged sectional view of another embodiment of the apparatus of the invention wherein a protective coating 19 of an oxide of a rare 'earth element is applied for example on the surface of the first electrodes 13 (constituting the negative electrodes) exposed to the space containing the gas.
In-the luminous radiation panel apparatus of this embodiment, the application of the protective coating 19 of the rare earth element oxide on the surface of theelectrodes 13, i.e., the negative electrodes exposed to the space containing the gas, has the effect of preventing damage to the first electrodes 13 due to the sputtering providing a longer life therefor, and also the effect of preventing a rise .in the firing potential which is believed due to the influence of impurity gases entered through the sealing member 16 into the space containing the gas or the occurrence of a local arc-like discharge at the intersection of the electrodes 13 and 14, thereby stabilizing the discharge.
The oxide of the rare earth element constitutes a semi-conducting coating which, though its specific resistance is high at room temperature, may be used as a material for negative electrodes since the total resistance over the surface of the coating may be reduced satisfactorily if the coating is applied in a thickness ranging from 500 to 2,000 A. The oxides of rare earth elements suitable for the protective coating 19 include cerium oxide (CeO terbium oxide (Tb O neodymium oxide (Nd O and samarium oxide (Sm O Also, an alloy ofcerium and. nickel and an alloy of cerium and cobalt as well as zirconium oxide are suitable materials for the protective coating 19. The oxides of rare earth elements are heat resisting materials and thus they also have an advantage in that in the manufacturing processof electrodes these materials can be subjeeted .for example to heat treatment in an oxygen atmosphere (e.g., in the atmospheric pressure) and therefore the treatment can be accomplished without the danger of the electrodes becoming oxidized, thereby considerably reducing the manufacturing cost.
The experiments conducted by the inventors showed that with the luminous radiation panel apparatus constructed as shown in FIG. 7, wherein the first electrodes 13 were made of nickel and the cerium oxide protective coating 19 of about 1,000 A thick was applied on the surface of the first electrodes 13 exposed to the space containing the gas, the life of the apparatus was about 500 times that of the conventional apparatus of the type employing no protective coating on the surface of the first electrodes 13 and the discharge characteristic was also stable.
FIG. 8 is a modified form of the apparatus of FIG. 4, wherein a protective coating 20 consisting of a rare earth element oxide is applied on the surface of the first electrodes 13 exposed to the space containing the gas. While, in this modification, the protective coating 20 has been applied to expose the insulating coating 17 to the space containing the gas, the protective coating 20 may be applied to cover the insulating coating 17. The same materials as used inthe apparatus of FIG. 7 may also be used for the protective coating p In the luminous radiation panel apparatus of this em bodiment, since the first electrodes 13 constituting the negative electrodes have been covered by the insulating coating 17 excepting those portions intersecting the second electrodes 14 constituting the positive electrodes and since the protective coating 20 has been applied on the surface portions of the first electrodes 13 which were not covered by the insulating coating 17, i.e., exposed to the space containing the gas, there is no danger of the first electrodes l3-suffering damage due to the sputtering. Moreover movement of the luminous spot at the first electrodes 13 can be prevented, thus ensuring'a longer life and a stable discharge.
FIG/9 illustrates an enlarged perspective view of another modification of the apparatus shown in FIG. 2, wherein an insulating coating 21 consisting of silicon dioxide (Si 0 for example, is applied on the surface of the second electrodes 14 constituting the positive electrodes excepting those portions which intersect the first electrodes 13 constituting the negative electrodes.
In the luminous radiation panel apparatus of this embodiment, by virtue of the insulating coating 21 covering the second electrodes 14 excepting those portions intersecting the first electrodes 13, the discharge area formed on the surface of the second electrodes 14 is confined within narrow limits, thereby effecting the display with higher resolution.
Next, a luminous radiation panel apparatus according to the present invention which is adapted for color display, will be explained with reference to FIG. 10.
In FIG. 10, numerals 22, 23 and 24 respectively designate, for example, stripes of red, green and blue phosphors for producing respectively red, green and blue colored lights, and the phosphor stripes 22, 23 and 24 are arranged side by side in the virticaldlreetion with respect to the illustration. These phosphors may also be arranged in the form of dots. Numeral 25 designates a thin transparent sheet of glass applied in the front of the phosphor group and capable of transmitting ultraviolet rays there-through, and numeral 14 designates a plurality of stripes of transparent electrodes each consisting of a Nesa coating, indium oxide coating or the like which are placed on the glass sheet 25 and arranged in the same direction and in parallel with the phosphor stripes. The spacing between the electrodes 14 is made smaller than the width of the electrodes. A plurality of electrodes 13 are arranged substantially perpendicular to the electrodes 14.
In this arrangement, when a discharge occurs between the electrodes 13 and 14 at the intersection thereof, a large portion of the generated ultraviolet ray is applied to phosphor stripe 22, 23 or 24, thereby ensuring a very high brightness. Further, since the glass sheet 25 is so thin that the distance between the discharge area and the phosphor stripe 22, 23 or 24, respectively, is reduced with the result that the ultraviolet ray is utilized effectively and it is possible to prevent the occurrence of a so-called blurring phenomenon where the adjacent phosphor stripes other than the selected one are also excited and caused to produce light.
The apparatus of FIG. 1 1 is identical with the apparatus shown in FIG. excepting that a coating 26 of a material which prevents the transmission of ultraviolet ray thcrethrough is provided between the second electrodes 14. In the apparatus of FIG. 10, there is the danger that a portion of the ultraviolet ray may fall on the adjacent phosphor stripes which constitute picture ele ments thus causing the phosphor stripes other than the desired one to produce light. In the apparatus of FIG. 11, the provision of the ultraviolet ray preventive coating 26 between the second electrodes 14 completely prevents the ultraviolet ray produced at the discharge area from leaking obliquely and hence there is no possibility of the adjacent phosphor stripes constituting. other picture elements being excited and caused to produce light.
The embodiment of FIG. 12 differs from the apparatus of FIG. 10 in that an opaque conductive metallic coating 27 is provided on each side of the respective second electrodes 14. In this way, it is possible to completely prevent any portion of the ultraviolet ray gener ated at the discharge area from leaking obliquely and exciting and causing the adjacent phosphor stripes to produce light. Furthermore, the provision of the coating 27 has the effect of considerably reducing the resistance value of the second electrode 14 which generally has a high resistance. Particularly, where it is desired to display a large picture or it is necessary to reduce the width of the transparent electrodes to obtain an improved resolution, the aforementioned effects provide great advantages.
What we claim is:
l. A luminous radiation panel apparatus of the type in which light is produced by a dc. discharge through a space containing a gas between opposed substrates, each thereof having a plurality of anodes and cathodes disposed thereon so that said plurality of anodes disposed on one of said substrates are arranged to oppose and intersect said plurality of cathodes disposed on the other one of said substrates with said space interposed therebetween, wherein the pressure of the gas contained in said space is on the order of 760 mm Hg, and said plurality of anodes on one of said substrates are spaced away from said plurality of cathodes on the other one of said substrates so that the product of said pressure of said gas and the distance between said anodes and cathodes on said substrates determines an approximately minimum firing potential.
2. A luminous radiation panel apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said gas comprises a mixture of neon and argon gases having a pressure of approximately 760 mm Hg, and said distance between said anodes and cathodes is selected between 0.065 and 0.25 mm.
3. A luminous radiation panel apparatus according to claim 1, wherein an insulating coating is applied at least to the surface of said plurality of cathodes on the other one of said opposed substrates excepting those surface portions opposite to said plurality of anodes on the one of said substrates.
4. A luminous radiation panel apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a semiconductive coating of an oxide of a rare earth element is applied at least to the surface of said plurality of cathodes on the other one of said substrates.
5. A luminous radiation panel apparatus according to claim 4, wherein said oxide is selected from the group consisting of cerium oxide, terbium oxide, neodymium oxide, and samarium oxide.
6. A luminous radiation panel apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a semiconductive coating of a material selected from the group consisting of zirconium oxide, ceriumnickel alloy and cerium-cobalt alloy is applied at least to the surface of said plurality of cathodes on the other one of said substrates.
7. A luminous radiation panel apparatus according to claim 3, wherein a coating of an oxide of a rare earth element is applied to said surface portions of said plurality of cathodes on said other one of said substrates which are exposed to said space containing said gas.
8. A luminous radiation panel apparatus according to claim 7, wherein said oxide is selected from the group consisting of cerium oxide, terbium oxide, neodymium oxide and samarium oxide.
9. A luminous radiation panel apparatus according to claim 3, wherein a zirconium oxide coating is applied to said surface portions of said plurality of cathodes on said other one of said substrates which are exposed to said space containing said gas.
Claims (9)
1. LUMINOUS RADIATION PANEL APPARATUS OF THE TYPE IN WHICH LIGHT IS PRODUCED BY A D.C. DISCHARGED THROUGH A SPACE CONTAINING A GAS BETWEEN OPPOSED SUBSTRATES, EACH THEREOF HAVING A PLURALITY OF ANODES AND CATHODES DISPOSED THEREON SO THAT SAID PLURALITY OF ANODES ON ONE OF SAID SUBSTRATES ARE ARRANGED TO OPPOSE AND INTERSECT SAID PLURALITY OF CATHODES DISPOSED ON THE OTHER ONE OF SAID SUBSTRATES WITH SAID SPACE INTERPOSED THEREBETWEEN, WHEREIN THE PRESSURE OF THE GAS CONTAIN IN SAID SPACE IS ON THE ORDER OF 760 MM HG, AND SAID PLURALITY OF ANODES ON ONE OF SAID SUBSTRATES ARE SPACED AWAY FROM SAID PLURALITY OF CATHODES ON THE OTHER ONE OF SAID SUBSTRATES SO THAT THE PRODUCT OF SAD PRESSURE OF SAID GAS AND THE DISTANCE BETWEEN SAID ANODES AND CATHODES ON SAID SUBSTRATES DETERMINES AN APPROXIMATELY MINIMUM FIRING POTENTIAL.
2. A luminous radiation panel apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said gas comprises a mixture of neon and argon gases having a pressure of approximately 760 mm Hg, and said distance between said anodes and cathodes is selected between 0.065 and 0.25 mm.
3. A luminous radiation panel apparatus according to claim 1, wherein an insulating coating is applied at least to the surface of said plurality of cathodes on the other one of said opposed substrates excepting those surface portions opposite to said plurality of anodes on the one of said substrates.
4. A luminous radiation panel apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a semiconductive coating of an oxide of a rare earth element is applied at least to the surface of said plurality of cathodes on the other one of said substrates.
5. A luminous radiation panel apparatus according to claim 4, wherein said oxide is selected from the group consisting of cerium oxide, terbium oxide, neodymium oxide, and samarium oxide.
6. A luminous radiation panel apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a semiconductive coating of a material selected from the group consisting of zirconium oxide, cerium-nickel alloy and cerium-cobalt alloy is applied at least to the surface of said plurality of cathodes on the other one of said substrates.
7. A luminous radiation panel apparatus according to claim 3, wherein a coating of an oxide of a rare earth element is applied to said surface portions of said plurality of cathodes on said other one of said substrAtes which are exposed to said space containing said gas.
8. A luminous radiation panel apparatus according to claim 7, wherein said oxide is selected from the group consisting of cerium oxide, terbium oxide, neodymium oxide and samarium oxide.
9. A luminous radiation panel apparatus according to claim 3, wherein a zirconium oxide coating is applied to said surface portions of said plurality of cathodes on said other one of said substrates which are exposed to said space containing said gas.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US05/585,838 US3986074A (en) | 1972-02-28 | 1975-06-11 | Luminous radiation panel apparatus |
Applications Claiming Priority (8)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP47020880A JPS4890189A (en) | 1972-02-28 | 1972-02-28 | |
JP47021352A JPS4890469A (en) | 1972-02-29 | 1972-02-29 | |
JP11739772A JPS4975264A (en) | 1972-11-22 | 1972-11-22 | |
JP11739572A JPS5640935B2 (en) | 1972-11-22 | 1972-11-22 | |
JP11739672A JPS4975263A (en) | 1972-11-22 | 1972-11-22 | |
JP733368A JPS5422866B2 (en) | 1972-12-28 | 1972-12-28 | |
JP733367A JPS5422865B2 (en) | 1972-12-28 | 1972-12-28 | |
JP733366A JPS5531984B2 (en) | 1972-12-28 | 1972-12-28 |
Related Child Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US05/585,838 Division US3986074A (en) | 1972-02-28 | 1975-06-11 | Luminous radiation panel apparatus |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US3904905A true US3904905A (en) | 1975-09-09 |
Family
ID=27571498
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US336063A Expired - Lifetime US3904905A (en) | 1972-02-28 | 1973-02-26 | Luminous radiation panel apparatus |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US3904905A (en) |
CA (1) | CA980849A (en) |
DE (1) | DE2309530B2 (en) |
FR (1) | FR2174090B1 (en) |
GB (1) | GB1417803A (en) |
IT (1) | IT977546B (en) |
Cited By (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4005402A (en) * | 1974-04-16 | 1977-01-25 | Sony Corporation | Flat panel display apparatus |
US4554482A (en) * | 1981-04-28 | 1985-11-19 | Okaya Electric Industries Co., Ltd. | DC Type gas discharge display panels |
US4719385A (en) * | 1985-04-26 | 1988-01-12 | Barrow William A | Multi-colored thin-film electroluminescent display |
US4963751A (en) * | 1987-08-17 | 1990-10-16 | Konica Corporation | Radiation image storage panel and method for preparing the same |
US5266867A (en) * | 1990-10-15 | 1993-11-30 | Matsushita Electronics Corporation | Gas discharge tube with tunnel effect type cathode |
US5561343A (en) * | 1993-03-18 | 1996-10-01 | International Business Machines Corporation | Spacers for flat panel displays |
EP1887606A1 (en) * | 2006-07-24 | 2008-02-13 | Fujitsu Hitachi Plasma Display Limited | Plasma display panel and production process of same |
Families Citing this family (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE2745101C3 (en) * | 1977-10-07 | 1982-02-18 | Licentia Patent-Verwaltungs-Gmbh, 6000 Frankfurt | Gas discharge indicator |
DE2926775A1 (en) * | 1979-07-03 | 1981-02-12 | Licentia Gmbh | PLASMA DISPLAY |
US4393326A (en) * | 1980-02-22 | 1983-07-12 | Okaya Electric Industries Co., Ltd. | DC Plasma display panel |
KR920010723B1 (en) * | 1990-05-25 | 1992-12-14 | 삼성전관 주식회사 | Plasma display devices |
Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3499167A (en) * | 1967-11-24 | 1970-03-03 | Owens Illinois Inc | Gas discharge display memory device and method of operating |
US3787106A (en) * | 1971-11-09 | 1974-01-22 | Owens Illinois Inc | Monolithically structured gas discharge device and method of fabrication |
Family Cites Families (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US1852020A (en) * | 1928-12-17 | 1932-04-05 | Wonderlite Neon Products Co Lt | Electrode for luminous tubes |
BE739303A (en) * | 1968-10-02 | 1970-03-24 | ||
DE2060470C3 (en) * | 1969-12-19 | 1982-01-21 | Owens-Illinois, Inc., 43666 Toledo, Ohio | Gas discharge indicator panel |
-
1973
- 1973-02-26 DE DE2309530A patent/DE2309530B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1973-02-26 US US336063A patent/US3904905A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1973-02-26 GB GB939073A patent/GB1417803A/en not_active Expired
- 1973-02-27 IT IT7348497A patent/IT977546B/en active
- 1973-02-27 FR FR7306902A patent/FR2174090B1/fr not_active Expired
- 1973-02-28 CA CA164,834A patent/CA980849A/en not_active Expired
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3499167A (en) * | 1967-11-24 | 1970-03-03 | Owens Illinois Inc | Gas discharge display memory device and method of operating |
US3787106A (en) * | 1971-11-09 | 1974-01-22 | Owens Illinois Inc | Monolithically structured gas discharge device and method of fabrication |
Cited By (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4005402A (en) * | 1974-04-16 | 1977-01-25 | Sony Corporation | Flat panel display apparatus |
US4554482A (en) * | 1981-04-28 | 1985-11-19 | Okaya Electric Industries Co., Ltd. | DC Type gas discharge display panels |
US4719385A (en) * | 1985-04-26 | 1988-01-12 | Barrow William A | Multi-colored thin-film electroluminescent display |
US4963751A (en) * | 1987-08-17 | 1990-10-16 | Konica Corporation | Radiation image storage panel and method for preparing the same |
US5266867A (en) * | 1990-10-15 | 1993-11-30 | Matsushita Electronics Corporation | Gas discharge tube with tunnel effect type cathode |
US5352477A (en) * | 1990-10-15 | 1994-10-04 | Matsushita Electronics Corporation | Method for manufacturing a cathode for a gas discharge tube |
US5561343A (en) * | 1993-03-18 | 1996-10-01 | International Business Machines Corporation | Spacers for flat panel displays |
EP1887606A1 (en) * | 2006-07-24 | 2008-02-13 | Fujitsu Hitachi Plasma Display Limited | Plasma display panel and production process of same |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
GB1417803A (en) | 1975-12-17 |
FR2174090A1 (en) | 1973-10-12 |
CA980849A (en) | 1975-12-30 |
DE2309530B2 (en) | 1978-09-14 |
IT977546B (en) | 1974-09-20 |
FR2174090B1 (en) | 1977-12-30 |
DE2309530A1 (en) | 1973-08-30 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US5744909A (en) | Discharge display apparatus with memory sheets and with a common display electrode | |
US5973449A (en) | Display device with specific electrode structure and composition | |
US3875442A (en) | Display panel | |
EP0554172B1 (en) | Color surface discharge type plasma display device | |
GB1496442A (en) | Luminous discharge display devices | |
US6861803B1 (en) | Full color surface discharge type plasma display device | |
US3904905A (en) | Luminous radiation panel apparatus | |
US5917284A (en) | Sputter-resistant conductive coatings with enhanced emission of electrons for cathode electrodes in DC plasma addressing structure | |
US4843281A (en) | Gas plasma panel | |
US5504387A (en) | Flat display where a first film electrode, a dielectric film, and a second film electrode are successively formed on a base plate and electrons are directly emitted from the first film electrode | |
US3836810A (en) | Picture display device comprising a plurality of light producing elements | |
US3986074A (en) | Luminous radiation panel apparatus | |
KR100364696B1 (en) | Method for driving plasma display panel and structure of the plasma display panel | |
US3579015A (en) | Electron beam addressed plasma display panel | |
US4066929A (en) | Electron-acceleration type flatgas-discharge panel with internal memory functions and method of driving for same | |
US3983445A (en) | Plasma display panel including electrodes for trapping ions | |
US3753041A (en) | Digitally addressable gas discharge display apparatus | |
KR19980060794A (en) | Plasma display panel | |
EP0835502A2 (en) | Hollow cathodes for plasma-containing display devices and method of producing same | |
US3900758A (en) | Gaseous discharge display panel with fluorescent bodies surrounded by light attenuating material | |
US6000982A (en) | Method of manufacturing a cold-cathode for a discharge device | |
JP3144987B2 (en) | Gas discharge display | |
US4123687A (en) | Display system using low energy electrons | |
EP0827176A2 (en) | Sputter-resistant conductive coatings with enhanced emission of electrons for cathode electrodes in DC plasma addressing structure | |
KR100321143B1 (en) | Front Panel of Plasma Display Panel |