US3904320A - Swash plate compressor - Google Patents

Swash plate compressor Download PDF

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Publication number
US3904320A
US3904320A US358334A US35833473A US3904320A US 3904320 A US3904320 A US 3904320A US 358334 A US358334 A US 358334A US 35833473 A US35833473 A US 35833473A US 3904320 A US3904320 A US 3904320A
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United States
Prior art keywords
compressor
swash plate
cylinder blocks
casing
compressor according
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US358334A
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English (en)
Inventor
Atsuo Kishi
Takashi Degawa
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Hitachi Ltd
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Hitachi Ltd
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Publication date
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Publication of US3904320A publication Critical patent/US3904320A/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B27/00—Multi-cylinder pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders
    • F04B27/08—Multi-cylinder pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having cylinders coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis
    • F04B27/10—Multi-cylinder pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having cylinders coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis having stationary cylinders
    • F04B27/12—Multi-cylinder pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having cylinders coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis having stationary cylinders having plural sets of cylinders or pistons
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B27/00—Multi-cylinder pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders
    • F04B27/08—Multi-cylinder pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having cylinders coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis
    • F04B27/10—Multi-cylinder pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having cylinders coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis having stationary cylinders
    • F04B27/1036—Component parts, details, e.g. sealings, lubrication
    • F04B27/109—Lubrication
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B39/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, of pumps or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids, not otherwise provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B25/00 - F04B37/00
    • F04B39/06—Cooling; Heating; Prevention of freezing

Definitions

  • a swash plate compressor for use in refrigerators operating with a refrigerant gas in which is previously mixed lubricating oil, characterized in that a crank case of the compressor is so arranged as to constitute part of a low pressure passage connected to the inlet side of the compressor, and said low pressure passage is communicated with portions of the compressor which requires the supply of lubricating oil.
  • This invention relates to improvements in the lubrication of a swash plate compressor for refrigerators, and more specifically to a swash plate compressor for refrigerators which is so designed that the lubrication of parts calling for lubrication is achieved by lubricating oil previously mixed in refrigerant gas, by taking advantage of the flow of said refrigerant gas without providing an oil pan or oil pump in the compressor
  • the refrigeration cycle of a refrigerator is composed generally of a compressor, a condenser, a liquid receptacle, an expansion valve, an evaporator and a piping interconnecting these elements.
  • a refrigerant is compressed in the compressor, cooled and liquefied in the condenser, accumulated temperarily in the liquid receptacle, reduced in pressure during passage through the expansion valve, again gasified in the evaporator and returned to the compressor.
  • Swash plate compressors generally have an oil reser voir at the bottom of the crank case, and oil accumulated in said oil reservoir is supplied by a gear pump or the like to bearings, pistons and other sliding members.
  • the oil intrudes, though in a very small amount, into the refrigeration cycle-constituting passage through gaps between the piston and cylinder wall and at other portions during the suction and compression of the refrigerant gas, and eventually the oil in the oil reservoir would be exhausted unless the oil is separated and recovered from the refrigerant. Therefore, it has been usual to separate the oil from the refrigerant in the inlet passage of the compressor and collect the separated oil in the oil reservoir.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a swash plate compressor for use in refrigerators, which does not pose a lubricating oil shortage problem at the start of and under a vacuum pressure condition of the compressor.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide a swash plate compressor for use in refrigerators, which is so designed that the lubrication and cooling of parts required to be lubricated and cooled can be achieved without requiring an oil reservoir or oil pump.
  • Still another object of the invention is to provide a swash plate compressor for use in refrigerators, which is small in size, and can be manufactured at a low cost and mounted easily even in narrow spaces.
  • a further object of the invention is to provide a swash plate compressor for use in refrigerators, which is so arranged that the internal temperature rises uniformly, whereby the thermal deformation of the compressor is made uniform and the occurrence of an abnormal pressure is avoided which would otherwise occur due to temperature rise.
  • a swash plate compressor to be used in the type of refrigerator using a refrigerant gas having lubricating oil mixed therein beforehand, characterized in that a crank case of the compressor constitutes part of a low pressure passage connected to the inlet side of the compressor and said low pressure passage is communicated with the portions in need of lubricating oil supply.
  • FIG. 1 is a vertical sectional view of a compressor for refrigerators according to one embodiment of the invention
  • FIG. 2 is a sectional view taken on the line IIII of FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3 is a sectional view taken on the line llllll of FIG. 2;
  • FIG. 4 is a vertical sectional view of another embodiment of the compressor for refrigerator according to the invention.
  • FIGS. 1 to 3 designate a pair of cylinder blocks disposed in a shell 19 in opposed relation, with a swash plate 12 interposed therebetween.
  • a drive shaft 13 is rotatably supported in the cylinder blocks 11, 11 by bearings 14, 14', and the swash plate 12 is fixedly mounted on said drive shaft 13.
  • the rotation of the drive shaft 13 is converted into a reciprocal movement of pistons 15, 15' through the swash plate, sliding members l6, l6 and steel balls l7, 17, said pistons 15, l5 respectively being slidably received in cylinder chambers 34, 34 formed in the cylinder blocks 1 I, ll
  • a refrigerant gas flows into a crank case 21 from an inlet pipe 18 through a low pressure passageforming inlet port 20 defined by the cylinder blocks 11, 11', and sucked into low pressure chambers 25, respec tively formed in a front cover 23 and a rear cover 24, through low pressure passageforming openings 30, and 22, 22', respectively provided in the cylinder blocks 11, II, and thence through low pressure passage-forming outlet openings 31, 31' respectively provided in cylinder heads 29, 29'.
  • the refrigerant gas is sucked into the cylinder chambers 34, 34' through inlet openings 40 and compressed therein by the pistons l5, l5 reciprocating in said cylinder chambers.
  • the compressed pressurized gas is discharged into high pressure chambers 26, 26' through outlet openings 41.
  • the pressurized gas collected in the high pressure chamber 26' is discharged directly from an outlet pipe 28, while the pressurized gas collected in the high pressure chamber 26 flows into die high pressure chamber 26' through a high pressure passage-forming conduit 27 provided in the cylinder blocks 11, 11' and is discharged from the outlet pipe 28.
  • Lubricating oil is previously mixed in the refrigerant gas for circulation in the refrigeration cycle along therewith and, therefore, is sucked into the crank case 2] along with the refrigerant gas.
  • the lubricating oil is blown directly against the swash plate 12, the sliding members l6, 16', the steel balls l7, l7 and thrust bearings 10 to lubricate them.
  • the major portion of the lubricating oil is sucked in the form of fine particles to be attached to the entire surfaces of the sliding members, so that the quantity of lubricating oil can be very small (of the order of several c.c./hour).
  • Relatively large particles of the lubricating oilentraining liquid are divided into smaller particles when they impinge against mainly the rotating swash plate, to suit them to movement to the sliding members and further portions in need of lubrication.
  • the lubrication of the bearings l4, l4 supporting the drive shaft 13 is effected through small channels 33, 33'.
  • the fine particles of oil which could not separate from the refrigerant gas within the crank case 21 pass in the low pressure passage-forming openings 30, 30 and 22, 22', and a part thereof reaches the bearings 14, 14' through the small channels 33, 33 to lubricate the same.
  • the remaining part of the fine particles of oil, which has not served the purpose of lubrication are sucked into the cylinder chambers 34, 34 and discharged into the cycle along with the compressed gas through the high pressure passage-forming conduit 27 and the outlet pipe 28 to be recycled to the inlet pipe 18.
  • the amount of oil sucked at the start of the compressor is very small, unlike in the conventional compressors in which a large amount of oil is exhausted as a result of oil-foaming under the effect of high degree of vacuum pressure developed suddenly on the inlet side. Therefore, the occurrence of abnormally high pressure within the cylinders due to the non-compressibility of oil can be avoided and thereby troubles such as breakage of pipe can be eliminated.
  • the inlet pipe 18 is connected to the central portion of the shell 19 for communication with the crank case 21, and the low pressure passageforming openings 30, 30' and 22, 22' are formed in the cylinder blocks 11, ll communicating the crank case 21 with the low pressure chambers 25, 25'.
  • the flow direction of the refrigerant gas and the cross section of the flow passage change abruptly within the crank case 21, during passage of the refrigerant gas from the inlet pipe 18 through the low pressure passage-forming inlet port and openings 30, 30' and 22, 22', providing for effective separation of the oil from the refrigerant gas.
  • the oil thus separated goes into the clearances between the sliding members 16 and the swash plate, attaches to the surfaces of the steel balls l7, l7 and goes into the thrust bearings l0, l0 and radial bearings 14, 14' to lubricate the engaging portions thereof. Further, the engaging portions of the swash plate 12 and the sliding members 16 where heat is generated most in this type of compressor, are directly cooled by the refrigerant gas, so that the internal temperature rise of the compressor can be suppressed.
  • a swash plate compressor like that of the instant invention in which is employed a spray lubrication method does not require a gear pump which is required by other types of compressor for the forced supply of oil. It should also be noted that according to the construction of the instant invention, the particles of the cold oil are distributed to every corners of the sliding parts to cool the same. This is advantageous particularly in the operation of the compressor at high speeds in that the thermal deformation of the parts becomes uniform.
  • the low pressure chambers 25, 25 and high pressure chambers 26, 26' can be formed in concentrical cylindrical shapes in the front cover 23 and rear cover 24. This means that the shape of the cylindrical front cover 23 and rear cover 24 can be substantially simplified, it being only necessary to form par JiIaOn walls 49 in the inside of said respective covers.
  • the front cover 23 and rear cover 24 can be produced by forging (these members have been produced by casting in the past), which reduces the cost of manufacture of the compressor. Also, as stated, the low pressure chambers 25, 25' and high pressure chambers 26, 26' formed in the front cover 23 and rear cover 24 can have the same shape, which is extremely advantageous in the manufacture of the compressor.
  • the cylinder blocks 11, l l and the cylinder heads 29, 29' respectively also have the same shape, which enhances the exchangeability of component parts. Further, since a gear pump and an oil pan are unnecessary, the fabrication of a gear pump chamber and an oil passage bore in the drive shaft is not needed, which requires high precision. This also reduces the cost of manufacture of the compressor.
  • Swash plate compressors are frequently used in car coolers and car air conditioners.
  • the compressor of the invention which does not require an oil pan is advantageous because it can be provided in a cylindrical shape and can be installed in the engine room having a limited space, without subjecting to a limitation in its angular position.
  • PK Another embodiment of the invention is shown in PK). 4. This embodiment is characterized by the construction of the high pressure passage 27.
  • the outlet pipe 28 similar to the inlet pipe 18 is provided centrally of the shell 19 and high pressure passage-forming openings 27, 27" are formed at por tions of the cylinder blocks 11, 11 respectively.
  • a noise damping chamber 43 is formed between a cover 42 fixed to the outer wall of the shell 19 and the shell 19, said noise damping chamber being in communication with the openings 27, 27' through coil springs 50, 50.
  • a swash plate type compressor comprising:
  • a swash plate rotatable with said drive shaft and disposed in a crankcase formed by facing portions of said cylinder blocks, bearing means for rotatably supporting said drive shaft and swash plate being disposed in said crankcase,
  • said inlet opening extends from outside said casing directly into said crankcase at said separation plane so that lubricant contained in said fluid medium is supplied directly to said bearings, said inlet opening being formed by facing portions of said cylinder blocks, said facing portions extending from immediately adjacent said casing so as to direct said fluid medium and lubricant directly radially inwardly from said casing to said crankcase and bearing means.
  • a swash plate compressor as defined in claim I wherein the cylinder blocks each have three cylinder bores, and wherein three piston members are slidably inserted one each in said cylinder bores.
  • a compressor according to claim 1 wherein said bearing means and said swash plate are disposed in said crankcase at respective opposite sides of said separation plane so that lubricant is substantially symmetrically supplied to said bearings.
  • a compressor according to claim 8 wherein all fluid medium openings and passages in said compressor are symmetrically arranged with respect to said separation plane such that flow of fluid medium through said compressor is symmetrical with resultant symmetrical thermal loadings of the compressor parts.
  • a compressor according to claim 6 wherein identical plate members with respective inlet and outlet openings are provided at respective oppositely facing outer ends of said cylinder blocks.
  • cover members are provided on the outer ends of said plate members which include hollow spaces serving as respective high and low pressure spaces for fluid passing through said compressor, said cover members having similar shaped hollow spaces formed therein.
  • a compressor according to claim 1 wherein lubricating passages are provided which communicate low pressure passages of said compressor with lubricant using parts of said compressor that are located outside of said crankcase and inside of said casing.
  • a compressor according to claim 1 characterized in that a noise damping chamber is formed between said casing and an auxiliary cover fixed to the central portion of the outer periphery of said casing and characterized in that an outlet pipe for connecting the outlet side of the compressor with a refrigeration cycle is connected to said auxiliary cover and further an opening communicating with said noise damping chamber at one end and with a high pressure chamber of said compressor at the other end is formed in each of said cylinder blocks, thereby to form a high pressure passage.
  • a compressor according to claim 1 wherein said cylinder blocks are of similar shape such that they are interchangeable with one another.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Compressors, Vaccum Pumps And Other Relevant Systems (AREA)
  • Compressor (AREA)
US358334A 1972-05-10 1973-05-08 Swash plate compressor Expired - Lifetime US3904320A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP47045445A JPS5126168B2 (zh) 1972-05-10 1972-05-10

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JP (1) JPS5126168B2 (zh)
CA (1) CA989786A (zh)

Cited By (20)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4070136A (en) * 1973-05-11 1978-01-24 Kabushiki Kaisha Toyoda Jidoshokki Seisakusho Apparatus for lubricating a swash plate compressor
US4101249A (en) * 1975-12-29 1978-07-18 Kabushiki Kaisha Toyoda Jidoshokki Seisakusho Swash plate type compressor
US4101250A (en) * 1975-12-29 1978-07-18 Kabushiki Kaisha Toyoda Jidoshokki Seisakusho Swash plate type compressor
US4135862A (en) * 1975-12-15 1979-01-23 Hitachi, Ltd. Swash plate type compressor
US4229145A (en) * 1977-01-27 1980-10-21 Diesel Kiki Co., Ltd. Swash plate compressor
US4260337A (en) * 1978-01-31 1981-04-07 Diesel Kiki Company, Ltd. Swash plate compressor
US4274813A (en) * 1977-10-12 1981-06-23 Hitachi, Ltd. Swash plate type compressor
US4299543A (en) * 1978-01-31 1981-11-10 Diesel Kiki Company, Ltd. Swash plate compressor
EP0040474A1 (en) * 1980-05-20 1981-11-25 General Motors Corporation Multicylinder refrigerant compressors having a lubrication system
EP0040475A1 (en) * 1980-05-20 1981-11-25 General Motors Corporation Multicylinder refrigerant compressors having a muffler arrangement
US4321019A (en) * 1978-06-02 1982-03-23 Hitachi, Ltd. Swash plate type compressor
US4326838A (en) * 1978-06-07 1982-04-27 Hitachi, Ltd. Swash plate type compressor for use in air-conditioning system for vehicles
US4347046A (en) * 1978-12-04 1982-08-31 General Motors Corporation Swash plate compressor
US4351227A (en) * 1980-05-20 1982-09-28 General Motors Corporation Multicylinder swash plate compressor piston ring arrangement
US4407638A (en) * 1980-01-28 1983-10-04 Hitachi, Ltd. Swash plate type compressor with silencer structure
US4544331A (en) * 1979-06-29 1985-10-01 Diesel Kiki Co., Ltd. Swash-plate type compressor
DE3643592A1 (de) * 1985-12-25 1987-07-16 Toyoda Automatic Loom Works Mehrkolben-taumelscheibenkompressor mit interner schmierung
DE3725342A1 (de) * 1986-08-01 1988-03-03 Sanden Corp Kuehlkompressor
US5139392A (en) * 1991-04-15 1992-08-18 General Motors Corporation Multi-cylinder swash plate compressor discharge gas flow arrangement
US20040105762A1 (en) * 2002-12-02 2004-06-03 Jiro Iizuka Compressor in which heat transfer in a cylinder head is controlled

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5743471Y2 (zh) * 1977-11-25 1982-09-25
JPS6240130Y2 (zh) * 1981-12-07 1987-10-14
JP2797496B2 (ja) * 1989-08-09 1998-09-17 株式会社豊田自動織機製作所 斜板式圧縮機
JP3697782B2 (ja) * 1996-07-08 2005-09-21 株式会社豊田自動織機 圧縮機のマフラ構造
JP2003314441A (ja) * 2002-04-18 2003-11-06 Yunikura J:Kk 斜板式圧縮機

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2877653A (en) * 1955-03-04 1959-03-17 Specialties Dev Corp Piston driving mechanism and lubricating means therefor
US3057545A (en) * 1960-04-11 1962-10-09 Gen Motors Corp Refrigerating apparatus
US3352485A (en) * 1965-10-22 1967-11-14 Toyoda Automatic Loom Works Swash plate compressor for use in air conditioning system for vehicles
US3577891A (en) * 1968-08-21 1971-05-11 Hitachi Ltd Swash plate compressor
US3712759A (en) * 1971-01-04 1973-01-23 Mitchell J Co Lubricating system for multiple piston compressor units and driven parts thereof
US3785751A (en) * 1972-04-24 1974-01-15 Hitachi Ltd Swash plate type compressor
US3801227A (en) * 1970-10-17 1974-04-02 Toyoda Automatic Loom Works Swash-plate type compressor for air conditioning of vehicles

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2877653A (en) * 1955-03-04 1959-03-17 Specialties Dev Corp Piston driving mechanism and lubricating means therefor
US3057545A (en) * 1960-04-11 1962-10-09 Gen Motors Corp Refrigerating apparatus
US3352485A (en) * 1965-10-22 1967-11-14 Toyoda Automatic Loom Works Swash plate compressor for use in air conditioning system for vehicles
US3577891A (en) * 1968-08-21 1971-05-11 Hitachi Ltd Swash plate compressor
US3801227A (en) * 1970-10-17 1974-04-02 Toyoda Automatic Loom Works Swash-plate type compressor for air conditioning of vehicles
US3712759A (en) * 1971-01-04 1973-01-23 Mitchell J Co Lubricating system for multiple piston compressor units and driven parts thereof
US3785751A (en) * 1972-04-24 1974-01-15 Hitachi Ltd Swash plate type compressor

Cited By (22)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4070136A (en) * 1973-05-11 1978-01-24 Kabushiki Kaisha Toyoda Jidoshokki Seisakusho Apparatus for lubricating a swash plate compressor
US4135862A (en) * 1975-12-15 1979-01-23 Hitachi, Ltd. Swash plate type compressor
US4101249A (en) * 1975-12-29 1978-07-18 Kabushiki Kaisha Toyoda Jidoshokki Seisakusho Swash plate type compressor
US4101250A (en) * 1975-12-29 1978-07-18 Kabushiki Kaisha Toyoda Jidoshokki Seisakusho Swash plate type compressor
US4229145A (en) * 1977-01-27 1980-10-21 Diesel Kiki Co., Ltd. Swash plate compressor
US4274813A (en) * 1977-10-12 1981-06-23 Hitachi, Ltd. Swash plate type compressor
US4260337A (en) * 1978-01-31 1981-04-07 Diesel Kiki Company, Ltd. Swash plate compressor
US4299543A (en) * 1978-01-31 1981-11-10 Diesel Kiki Company, Ltd. Swash plate compressor
US4321019A (en) * 1978-06-02 1982-03-23 Hitachi, Ltd. Swash plate type compressor
US4326838A (en) * 1978-06-07 1982-04-27 Hitachi, Ltd. Swash plate type compressor for use in air-conditioning system for vehicles
US4347046A (en) * 1978-12-04 1982-08-31 General Motors Corporation Swash plate compressor
US4544331A (en) * 1979-06-29 1985-10-01 Diesel Kiki Co., Ltd. Swash-plate type compressor
US4407638A (en) * 1980-01-28 1983-10-04 Hitachi, Ltd. Swash plate type compressor with silencer structure
US4351227A (en) * 1980-05-20 1982-09-28 General Motors Corporation Multicylinder swash plate compressor piston ring arrangement
US4360321A (en) * 1980-05-20 1982-11-23 General Motors Corporation Multicylinder refrigerant compressor muffler arrangement
EP0040475A1 (en) * 1980-05-20 1981-11-25 General Motors Corporation Multicylinder refrigerant compressors having a muffler arrangement
EP0040474A1 (en) * 1980-05-20 1981-11-25 General Motors Corporation Multicylinder refrigerant compressors having a lubrication system
DE3643592A1 (de) * 1985-12-25 1987-07-16 Toyoda Automatic Loom Works Mehrkolben-taumelscheibenkompressor mit interner schmierung
US4746275A (en) * 1985-12-25 1988-05-24 Kabushiki Kaisha Toyoda Jidoshokki Seisakusho Multi-piston swash plate type compressor with internal lubricating arrangement
DE3725342A1 (de) * 1986-08-01 1988-03-03 Sanden Corp Kuehlkompressor
US5139392A (en) * 1991-04-15 1992-08-18 General Motors Corporation Multi-cylinder swash plate compressor discharge gas flow arrangement
US20040105762A1 (en) * 2002-12-02 2004-06-03 Jiro Iizuka Compressor in which heat transfer in a cylinder head is controlled

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS5126168B2 (zh) 1976-08-05
CA989786A (en) 1976-05-25
JPS4925505A (zh) 1974-03-07

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