US3900013A - Electronic system to control operator circuits as a function of speed of machine rotating member - Google Patents

Electronic system to control operator circuits as a function of speed of machine rotating member Download PDF

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Publication number
US3900013A
US3900013A US345675A US34567573A US3900013A US 3900013 A US3900013 A US 3900013A US 345675 A US345675 A US 345675A US 34567573 A US34567573 A US 34567573A US 3900013 A US3900013 A US 3900013A
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Prior art keywords
signal
output
rotating member
comparator
converter
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Expired - Lifetime
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US345675A
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English (en)
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Pietro Vignozzi
Paolo Cerioli
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Industrie Magneti Marelli SRL
Marelli Europe SpA
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Magneti Marelli SpA
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02P—IGNITION, OTHER THAN COMPRESSION IGNITION, FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES; TESTING OF IGNITION TIMING IN COMPRESSION-IGNITION ENGINES
    • F02P5/00—Advancing or retarding ignition; Control therefor
    • F02P5/04—Advancing or retarding ignition; Control therefor automatically, as a function of the working conditions of the engine or vehicle or of the atmospheric conditions
    • F02P5/045—Advancing or retarding ignition; Control therefor automatically, as a function of the working conditions of the engine or vehicle or of the atmospheric conditions combined with electronic control of other engine functions, e.g. fuel injection
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02P—IGNITION, OTHER THAN COMPRESSION IGNITION, FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES; TESTING OF IGNITION TIMING IN COMPRESSION-IGNITION ENGINES
    • F02P9/00—Electric spark ignition control, not otherwise provided for
    • F02P9/002—Control of spark intensity, intensifying, lengthening, suppression
    • F02P9/005—Control of spark intensity, intensifying, lengthening, suppression by weakening or suppression of sparks to limit the engine speed
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01P—MEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT
    • G01P1/00—Details of instruments
    • G01P1/07—Indicating devices, e.g. for remote indication
    • G01P1/08—Arrangements of scales, pointers, lamps or acoustic indicators, e.g. in automobile speedometers
    • G01P1/10—Arrangements of scales, pointers, lamps or acoustic indicators, e.g. in automobile speedometers for indicating predetermined speeds
    • G01P1/103—Arrangements of scales, pointers, lamps or acoustic indicators, e.g. in automobile speedometers for indicating predetermined speeds by comparing the value of the measured signal with one or several reference values
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01P—MEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT
    • G01P3/00—Measuring linear or angular speed; Measuring differences of linear or angular speeds
    • G01P3/42—Devices characterised by the use of electric or magnetic means
    • G01P3/44—Devices characterised by the use of electric or magnetic means for measuring angular speed
    • G01P3/48—Devices characterised by the use of electric or magnetic means for measuring angular speed by measuring frequency of generated current or voltage
    • G01P3/4802—Devices characterised by the use of electric or magnetic means for measuring angular speed by measuring frequency of generated current or voltage by using electronic circuits in general

Definitions

  • An ampiifier waveshaper at the input of the limiter device supplies a control signal [52] CL 123/102; 123/117 R; 123/32 EA both to the electronic ignition circuit and to the re- [51] Int. Cl. F02p l l/OO mainder of the miter device i remainder converts [58] Field of Search 123/148 E, 117 R, 102 the incoming pulse Signals to a DC signal Varying in accordance with the engine speed and compares this 1 References Cited variable DC. signal with a fixed D.C. (threshold) sig- UNITED STATES PATENTS nal. When the variable DC.
  • This invention relates to an electronic apparatus for controlling operating circuits according to the revolving speed of a member associated with a machine, this member rotating at a varying speed as the operating speed of the machine varies.
  • a further object of the invention is to provide an apparatus for detecting the speed of the rotating member.
  • an apparatus comprising in combination: means for sensing the revolving speed, cooperating with the rotating member and either directly or through wave forming means capable of providing square wave signals at a constant average value and variable frequency as the speed of said member varies; a converter for receiving said constant average value signals and converting such signals to square wave signals of the same frequency, but variable average value; an integrator for receiving said average value signals of a variable nature and converting such signals to a continuous signal linearly varying according to frequency; comparing means for comparing said variable continuous signal with one or more reference signals (threshold signals) corresponding to specific r.p.m.
  • control or actuating means for acting on the operating circuits, and forming or not forming a part of the machine, when energized by the control signals of said comparing means; and in such case, means for detecting the speed of the rotating member, which means is connected to the output from the integrator.
  • the square wave signals from the sensing means are provided both to the converter and to the ignition control circuit, and the comparator is preset to become effective at the maximum or predetermined r.p.m. of the engine depending on the apparatus to operate as an r.p.m. limiting device, or as an advance switch.
  • the apparatus could be also provided with antidisturbing and supply voltage smoothing circuits.
  • FIG. I is a general block diagram for the electronic apparatus using an electronic pulser
  • FIG. 2 is a block diagram for the apparatus when used as a limiting device for r.p.m. of an internal combustion engine in motor-vehicles;
  • FIG. 3 is a block diagram for the apparatus when used both as a limiting device for r.p.m. and as advance switch of an internal combustion engine in motor vehicles;
  • FIG. 4 is a modified embodiment of the block diagram shown in FIG. 3;
  • FIG. 5 is an embodiment of the block diagram shown in FIG. 2.
  • the apparatus therein schematically shown comprises; a rotating member R associated with a machine, not shown, the r.p.m. of which varies as the r.p.m. of the machine van'es; a revolving speed sensor 1 coupled to said member R and capable of providing, as the latter rotates, pulses of which the frequency varies as the speed of said member R varies; a wave forming amplifier 2, hereinafter simply referred to as wave forming means, which is coupled to the sensor and capable of converting the pulse signals from sensor 1 to constant average value square wave signals of the same frequency; a converter 3 for converting the signals from said wave forming means 2 to square wave signals of a varying average value, but of the same frequency; an integrator 4 supplied by the signals from converter 3 and providing a continuous signal varying linearly with the frequency, so that at its output 5 a continuous signal is available, the level of this signal varying as the r.p.m.
  • comparators 6, 6a, 6b, etc. connected to the integrator, each being capable of comparing the signal at output 5 with a proper predetermined reference or threshold signal corresponding to'a given r.p.m. of said member R, so that one or more comparators are concurrently energized when the level of signal at output 5 is the same as or exceeds that of the reference signals; and control or actuating devices 7, 7a, 7b, etc. connected to the comparators and being effective on given operating circuits, when energized by said comparators, there being also provided a device 18 for using the signal at output 5 for different purposes.
  • machine as herein used is to mean any machine, motor or engine, device, etc., the r.p.m. of which can be represented by a rotating member.
  • comparator energization is intended herein to mean the operating condition, whereby a signal is available at its output sufficient to energize the corresponding control or actuating device or devices.
  • the rotating member may comprise a gear wheel (phonic wheel) R, driven by the engine shaft or by the camshaft and the revolving speed sensor coupled thereto by a magnetic pick-up 1'.
  • the assembly of the gear wheel R, pick-up 1' and wave forming means 2 comprises an electronic contact breaker.
  • the apparatus can be completed with the addition of an antidisturbing attenuator 8, as connected between said wave forming means 2' and converter 3, and
  • said wave forming means 2 In order to control the engine ignition, in addition to its normal output 10 said wave forming means 2 also has a second output 11 supplying the square wave sig nal to the ignition control circuit 12.
  • the output 11 is directly connected to the circuit 12 by means of a line 13. Furthermore, the comparator 6 is set with a reference signal (or threshold signal) corresponding to the predetermined maximum r.p.m. of the engine, and the control device 7, which can comprise an electronic switch, is effective on circuit12.
  • a reference signal or threshold signal
  • FIG. 3 relating to the use of the apparatus also as an advance switch, in addition to the components shown in FIG. 2, provision is also made for a second sensor 1" which is out of phase by an angle 6 relative to sensor 1', a second wave forming means 14, similar to said wave forming means 2, but provided with a single output 15,'whereat the square wave signal is also present, a second comparator 6a also stabilized by said voltage regulator 9, and a second control device or actuator 7a, controlled by comparator 6a and connected in the supply line of circuit 12.
  • Comparator 6a is set by a reference signal corresponding to the engine attained r.p.m., whereby the advance must be switched, and the device 7a comprises an electronic switch, as schematically shown.
  • the switch is a two-way type of switch, having a first position for connecting the line 13 from output 11 to the control circuit 12, and a second position, controlled by the energization of comparator 6a, for connecting the line 16 from output 5 to said control circuit 12.
  • the apparatus may comprise further sensors, wave forming means and comparators, and the electronic switch will be of a suitable design to effect the further connections, when energized by the associated comparator set for the reference signal corresponding to the given engine r.p.m., of which the further advance is desired.
  • the advance switching is provided in a much more economical manner by using for all of the required advances the same and single wave forming means 2, already provided for the general operation of the apparatus. On the contrary, there are still required a proper sensor and comparator and a suitable electronic switch for each of the further advances.
  • the removal of the further wave forming means can be provided by an advance switching device positioned downstream rather than upstream of the wave forming means 2'.
  • switch 7a still controlled by comparator 6a, provides for switching said sensors 1' and 1 on the input to the wave forming means 2', whereas the output 11 of the latter is directly connected to circuit 12, as in the case of FIG. 2.
  • FIG. 3 and FIG. 4 could be simply used as advance switches, in this case dispensing with the comparator 6 and device 7 functioning to limit the engine r.p.m.
  • the apparatus could also be provided for cutting off at high engine rates, the operation of other devices, such as the exhaust gas postcombustion pump.
  • a control device could be effective, such as control device 7b (see FIG. 1) controlled by a comparator, such as 6b, which is set to operate as soon as the engine reaches the predetermined rpm, to which such an engine device as the pump is to be cut off.
  • the apparatus provides for detection of engine speed. To this end, it will suffice to connect an electronic tachometer to the integrator output 5, as shown for device 18 (see FIG. 1).
  • the wave forming means 2' also operating as an amplifier, comprises two transistors 21 and 22.
  • the base of the output transistor 21 is connected through a decoupling diode 23 to sensor 1 and its collector is connected through a resistor 24 to the base of the final transistor 22 and the antidisturbing attenuator circuit 8.
  • the collector 11 of transistor 22 is connected both to the base of transistor 21 by means of a reactive resistor 25 and to the ignition control circuit 12 by means of the line 13.
  • the diode 26 and resistor 27 function to shield and bias the base of transistor 21, respectively.
  • the resistors 28 and 29 are the load resistors for transistors 21 and 22, respectively, and additionally said resistor 28, is connected to battery 8+, and functions to bias the base of transistor 22.
  • the load resistor 29 (see the dashed lines) has been shown as connected in the circuit of the wave forming means 2', but as a matter of fact said resistor is a part of the ignition control circuit 12.
  • the antidisturbing attenuator 8 comprises the voltage divider 81 82 on the collector output 83 of transistor 84 and the disturbance suppressor comprising a capacitor 85 acting as a filter, and a Zener diode 86.
  • the divider output 87, to which said suppressor is connected, is connected by means of a resistor 88 to the converter 3.
  • the base of transistor 84 which is connected by with resistor 24 with to the output 10 of transistor 21, functions to amplify the signal on the collector of transistor 21 and to repeat the signal available at the output 11 of transistor 22.
  • Its collector 83 is connected through a load resistor 89 to battern B+.
  • the converter 3 having the square wave signal of a constant average value from the disturbance suppressor applied thereto, is provided with a monostable multivibrator comprising two transistors 31 and 32 having their collectors connected to battery B+ through the associated load resistors 33, 34 and the voltage regulator 9, and coupled by means of a regenerative RC network and a dual coupling network.
  • Said regenerative RC network comprises a capacitor 35 and a variable resistor 36, and the dual coupling (emitter-collector reaction) is provided by means of resistors 37 and 38.
  • Variable resistor 36 varies the duration of the pulses at output 39, such pulses being of square wave character, but the average value of which varies as the r.p.m. of member R varies.
  • the emitter collector reaction or feedback serves the purpose of increasing the reliability of the multivibrator against disturbance signals, particularly those due to ignition.
  • the multivibrator output 39 is connected to the integrator 4 comprising a resistor 41 and a capacitor 42 forming an integrating cell.
  • the comparator 6 is provided by means of an operational amplifier 61 of the open ring connected type.
  • this amplifier With its negative input, this amplifier is connected through a resistor 62 to the common terminal of resistive divider 63, 64, the latter negative input being sup plied by battern B+ through the voltage divider 9, and the positive input being connected through a resistor 65 to the output 5 of integrator 4, providing a continuous signal, the level of which varies as the speed of the rotating member R varies.
  • the divider 63, 64 establishes the amplifier reference signal or threshold signal. When the apparatus operates as an r.p.m. limiting device, this signal will correspond to the predetermined maximum r.p.m. When this rate is attained, the operational amplifier 61 will operate to energize the control device 7, being connected through a resistor 66 thereto.
  • the engine r.p.m., at which said operational amplifier 61 is to be switched, can be adjusted by adjusting the variable resistor 36 of the multivibrator.
  • the adjustment could be accomplished by adjusting the voltage divider 63, 64.
  • the device 7, comprising the apparatus attenuator, is provided by means of an electronic switch including two cascade-connected transistors 71 and 72.
  • the collector of the input transistor 71 is connected through a load resistor 73 to battery B+, and the collector of the switch output transistor 72 is connected to the output from the amplifier output transistor 22 of the wave forming means 2.
  • the voltage regulator 9 supplying both the monostable multivibrator 3 and operational amplifier 61, comprises a current generator formed of diodes 91 and 92 and transistor 93 having emitter and base resistances 94 and 95, and a Zener diode 96 functioning to smooth down the voltage.
  • the wave forming means is no more required, since it is the breaker itself, now coincident with the sensor, to provide the square wave signals, that is in the form advantageous for the subsequent processings in the apparatus and controlling the circuit 12 of FIGS. 2 and 4.
  • the apparatus of FIG. 2 would not require the wave forming means or block 2, and the coincident points or outputs 10 and 11 would be directly supplied by the breaker hammer, which can be shown at 1.
  • a separator on line 13 This separator could also form part of circuit 12 and in a more advantageous embodiment it could comprise a circuit, such as a monostable multivibrator, already provided in circuit 12 for other purposes.
  • the block 2 in the apparatus of FIG. 4 can be dispensed with and the coincident points 10 and 11 would be supplied by hammer 1' or 1 depending on the position of switch 7a.
  • An electronic apparatus for controlling at least one operating circuit according to the revolving speed in r.p.m. of a rotating member coupled to a machine, said rotating member being rotated at a speed which varies as a rotational speed in r.p.m.
  • pulsing means cooperating with the rotating member, for providing square wave signals at first and second outputs, said signals having a constant average value and a frequency which varies as the revolving speed of said rotating member varies; converter means for receiving said signals from one of said first and second outputs, which signals have a constant average value and converting said signals to square wave signals having the same frequency, but variable average value; integrator means for receiving said signals having a variable average value from said converter and converting these signals to a continuous signal which varies linearly with the frequency of the converter output signal; at least one comparator means for comparing said variable continuous signal from said integrator with at least one reference (threshold) signal having a value equal to a signal from said integrator corresponding to a given r.p.m.
  • each of said comparator means adapted to provide a control signal at an output thereof when the variable signal exceeds the reference signal associated with that comparator means; control means for acting on each of the operating circuits when energized by at least one of the control signal outputs of the comparator means; said control means being adapted to shortcircuit the remaining of the first and second outputs of said pulsing means coupled to one of said operating circuits.
  • said pulsing means comprises electronic sensor means for sensing the revolving speed of the rotating member, to provide pulses of a frequency that vary with the revolving speed of said member and electronic wave forming means for receiving and converting said pulses to square wave signals having a constant average value at the same frequency.
  • each comparator comprises an operational amplifier having first and second inputs, the first input of which is connected to the integrator output, the second input of said operational amplifier being connected to a voltage divider for setting the reference signal.
  • control means comprises at least one input transistor coupled to said comparator means and one switch transistor coupled to said pilot transistor and the output of said pulsing means, the conducting condition of said switch output transistor occurring as soon as the operational amplifier applies a control signal to the input transistor, to short circuit the output of the pulsing means.
  • An apparatus as claimed in claim 2 characterized by comprising a voltage regulator for supplying the converter and comparators, and an antidisturbing attenuator connected between the converter and the pulsing means.
  • said anti-disturbing attenuator comprises an amplifier transistor; and an anti-disturbance attenuator circuit comprising a voltage divider, a capacitor parallel connected to a first Zener diode, the cathode of which is connected to an intermediate point of the voltage divider, and the anode of which is grounded.
  • said voltage regulator comprises; a DC. generator including atransistor, the base of which is biased by means of diodes, and a resistor; and, a Zener diode biased by said D.C. generator.
  • An apparatus as claimed in claim 1, applied to a motor-vehicle as a limiting device for the engine r.p.m. characterized by comprising: a breaker carried on the cam shaft and supplying the square wave signal both to the converter and ignition control circuit; a comparator, the reference signal of which has a value equal to a signal from said integrator, which value corresponds to the predetermined maximum r.p.m.; control means for rendering inoperative the signal being supplied by the breaker to the ignition control circuit, as soon as energized by the comparator.
  • Electronic speed limiting apparatus for limiting the operating speed of a machine having a rotating member whose speed varies as a rotational speed in r.p.m. of the machine varies, said apparatus comprising:
  • pulsing means coupled to said sensing means for generating square pulses having a constant average value and a frequency which varies in accordance with the r.p.m. of the rotating member, said pulsing means comprising an input transistor and an output transistor for providing a first square wave output of constant average value on the collector of said input transistor and a second square wave output of constant average value on the collector of said second transistor; converter means receiving said first square wave outputs for converting the signal to square wave signals having an average value variable ,with frequency (or engine r.p.m.);
  • comparator means for comparing the output of said integrating means against said reference level for generating control signals when the magnitude of the integrating means output exceeds the reference level
  • control means coupled to said comparator means for short-circuiting the remaining one of the pulsing means first and second outputs in the presence of a control signal to prevent the output of the pulsing means from increasing the r.p.m. of the machine.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ignition Installations For Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
  • Combined Controls Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
US345675A 1972-03-28 1973-03-28 Electronic system to control operator circuits as a function of speed of machine rotating member Expired - Lifetime US3900013A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IT22461/72A IT953567B (it) 1972-03-28 1972-03-28 Apparecchiatura elettronica di co mando di circuiti operatori in fun zione della velocita di rotazione di un organo rotante di una macchina

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DE (1) DE2314447A1 (ru)
ES (1) ES413092A1 (ru)
FR (1) FR2178048B1 (ru)
IT (1) IT953567B (ru)
NL (1) NL7304055A (ru)

Cited By (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4064846A (en) * 1975-02-19 1977-12-27 Robert Bosch Gmbh Method and apparatus for controlling an internal combustion engine
US4098242A (en) * 1976-06-17 1978-07-04 Barber-Colman Company Automatic control system with gain switching
US4176633A (en) * 1978-02-14 1979-12-04 Colt Industries Operation Corp. Governor apparatus and system
US4198933A (en) * 1977-05-11 1980-04-22 Robert Bosch Gmbh Governor system for internal combustion engines
US4333434A (en) * 1977-10-31 1982-06-08 Chrysler Corporation Fuel injection system, control valve and electronic control circuit
US4336778A (en) * 1980-02-29 1982-06-29 Delta Systems, Inc. Safety limiter for engine speed
DE3934003A1 (de) * 1988-10-11 1990-04-12 Mitsubishi Electric Corp Zuendvorrichtung fuer eine brennkraftmaschine
US6014996A (en) * 1995-06-07 2000-01-18 Vermeer Manufacturing Company Control system for stump cutters
US20030173782A1 (en) * 2001-04-04 2003-09-18 Michael Lehner Method for deriving rotor angular orientation
US20040018914A1 (en) * 2002-07-29 2004-01-29 Stolfus Joel D. Linear position sensing employing two geartooth sensors, a helical gear and a spur gear
US20070188756A1 (en) * 2006-02-13 2007-08-16 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Leveling algorithm for semiconductor manufacturing equipment and related apparatus
US20100019507A1 (en) * 2008-07-25 2010-01-28 Honda Motor Co., Ltd. Inverter generator
US20140076596A1 (en) * 2012-09-20 2014-03-20 Honda Motor Co., Ltd. Apparatus for detecting rammer tip-over
US20150268130A1 (en) * 2012-10-30 2015-09-24 Pyroban Limited Engine Overspeed Detection Circuit and Method

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GB1510943A (en) * 1976-04-27 1978-05-17 Mullard Ltd Tachogenerator output signal processing circuits and motor speed control systems including such circuits
DD200111A1 (de) * 1981-07-06 1983-03-16 Horst Kache Schaltungsanordnung zur drehzahlueberwachung

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US3434462A (en) * 1965-06-21 1969-03-25 Holley Carburetor Co Semiconductor ignition
US3582679A (en) * 1968-10-29 1971-06-01 Bendix Corp Speed sensitive control circuit
US3581720A (en) * 1968-11-22 1971-06-01 Silicon Systems Inc Electronic engine r.p.m. limiting device
US3703887A (en) * 1968-12-12 1972-11-28 Panhard & Levassor Const Mec Ignition devices for internal combustion engines
US3651793A (en) * 1969-02-12 1972-03-28 Bosch Gmbh Robert Arrangement for limiting the speed of internal combustion engines
US3660689A (en) * 1969-05-14 1972-05-02 Nippon Denso Co Timing signal generating system for internal combustion engines
US3636933A (en) * 1969-05-27 1972-01-25 Diesel Kiki Co Electronic governor for injection-type internal combustion engines
US3563219A (en) * 1969-07-23 1971-02-16 Ford Motor Co Maximum engine speed limiter
US3695242A (en) * 1969-09-04 1972-10-03 Diesel Kiki Co Electronic governor for fuel-injection type internal combustion engines
US3776204A (en) * 1970-06-27 1973-12-04 Lucas Industries Ltd Speed limiting systems for internal combustion engines
US3738339A (en) * 1971-12-06 1973-06-12 Gen Motors Corp Electronic ignition spark advance system

Cited By (19)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4064846A (en) * 1975-02-19 1977-12-27 Robert Bosch Gmbh Method and apparatus for controlling an internal combustion engine
US4098242A (en) * 1976-06-17 1978-07-04 Barber-Colman Company Automatic control system with gain switching
US4198933A (en) * 1977-05-11 1980-04-22 Robert Bosch Gmbh Governor system for internal combustion engines
US4333434A (en) * 1977-10-31 1982-06-08 Chrysler Corporation Fuel injection system, control valve and electronic control circuit
US4176633A (en) * 1978-02-14 1979-12-04 Colt Industries Operation Corp. Governor apparatus and system
US4336778A (en) * 1980-02-29 1982-06-29 Delta Systems, Inc. Safety limiter for engine speed
DE3934003A1 (de) * 1988-10-11 1990-04-12 Mitsubishi Electric Corp Zuendvorrichtung fuer eine brennkraftmaschine
US4987870A (en) * 1988-10-11 1991-01-29 Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha Ignition device for an engine
US6014996A (en) * 1995-06-07 2000-01-18 Vermeer Manufacturing Company Control system for stump cutters
US20030173782A1 (en) * 2001-04-04 2003-09-18 Michael Lehner Method for deriving rotor angular orientation
US6701889B2 (en) * 2001-04-04 2004-03-09 Robert Bosch Gmbh Method for deriving rotor angular orientation
US20040018914A1 (en) * 2002-07-29 2004-01-29 Stolfus Joel D. Linear position sensing employing two geartooth sensors, a helical gear and a spur gear
US20070188756A1 (en) * 2006-02-13 2007-08-16 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Leveling algorithm for semiconductor manufacturing equipment and related apparatus
US7704826B2 (en) * 2006-02-13 2010-04-27 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Leveling algorithm for semiconductor manufacturing equipment and related apparatus
US20100019507A1 (en) * 2008-07-25 2010-01-28 Honda Motor Co., Ltd. Inverter generator
US20140076596A1 (en) * 2012-09-20 2014-03-20 Honda Motor Co., Ltd. Apparatus for detecting rammer tip-over
US9789579B2 (en) * 2012-09-20 2017-10-17 Honda Motor Co., Ltd. Apparatus for detecting rammer tip-over
US20150268130A1 (en) * 2012-10-30 2015-09-24 Pyroban Limited Engine Overspeed Detection Circuit and Method
US9804055B2 (en) * 2012-10-30 2017-10-31 Pyroban Limited Engine overspeed detection circuit and method

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2178048A1 (ru) 1973-11-09
FR2178048B1 (ru) 1977-12-30
NL7304055A (ru) 1973-10-02
ES413092A1 (es) 1976-05-16
DE2314447A1 (de) 1973-11-22
IT953567B (it) 1973-08-10

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