US3895894A - Device for generating high pressures and temperatures - Google Patents

Device for generating high pressures and temperatures Download PDF

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Publication number
US3895894A
US3895894A US353738A US35373873A US3895894A US 3895894 A US3895894 A US 3895894A US 353738 A US353738 A US 353738A US 35373873 A US35373873 A US 35373873A US 3895894 A US3895894 A US 3895894A
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United States
Prior art keywords
pressure chamber
piston
pressure
charge
annular members
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Expired - Lifetime
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US353738A
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English (en)
Inventor
Klaus Biermann
Jurgen Burbach
Horst Gimpel
Burckhard Zirpins
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Fried Krupp AG
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Fried Krupp AG
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J3/00—Processes of utilising sub-atmospheric or super-atmospheric pressure to effect chemical or physical change of matter; Apparatus therefor
    • B01J3/06—Processes using ultra-high pressure, e.g. for the formation of diamonds; Apparatus therefor, e.g. moulds or dies
    • B01J3/065—Presses for the formation of diamonds or boronitrides

Definitions

  • 2220349 comprises at least two axially aligned metallic ring members of high strength hard metal which define a pressure chamber, while between the rings and between the rings and a matrix surrounding the rings, ressure resistant electrically insulating material is rovided. Outside the pressure chamber, sealing means of plastically deformable strong metallic matep 404 5N5 W References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS rial are provided between the piston rams and the rings.
  • the present invention relates to a device for generating high pressures and temperatures, in which in the pressure chamber of a high-strength metallic pressure container a charge or filling of different materials laterally surrounded by electric insulating material is adapted to be subjected to pressure by means of two counter acting conical piston rams which are sealed relative to the pressure container, the respective charge or filling being adapted by electric current passing through the piston rams to be heated up directly or indirectly.
  • a device of this type has become known in which the conically designed pressure container is lined with bricks which have to meet two requirements, namely on the one hand to electrically insulate the two piston rams relative to the pressure container and on the other hand to seal the high pressure chamber.
  • Embedded in the brick lining is a reaction vessel which receives the respective filling and which is made of insulating material.
  • This known device has the drawback that for each test or experiment the brick lining has to be applied anew. This, however, involves considerable work and costs in view of the complicated design of the high pressure chamber. Furthermore it is disadvantageous that the limited deformability of the brick material does permit only a limited change of the high pressure volume under pressure.
  • FIG. la illustrates a maximum pressure device according to the invention in non-loaded condition.
  • FIG. 1b shows the device of FIG. Ia under load.
  • FIG. 2 represents a prepared diagram for measuring and controlling the pressure, in which a test curve has been entered as an example.
  • the device according to he present invention is characterized primarily in that the pressure container comprises at least two axially successively arranged rings which surround the cylindrical pressure chamber with a metallic wall and which consist of hightensile hard metal, while between the rings and also between the rings and the surrounding fitting of high-tensile steel there is arranged pressure-resistant electric insulating material.
  • the device according to the invention is furthermore characterized in that the seals provided outside the pressure chamber between the piston rams and the rings consist of a plastically deformable strong metallic material.
  • the electric insulating material may consist of thin layers of mica or similar pressure-resistant substances.
  • the cylindrical high pressure chamber 12 in which the not illustrated filling material is surrounded by a tube 11 of a plastically deformable electric and, if desired, heat insulating material, preferably Whetstone, is enclosed by a metallic wall formed of three rings l-3 of high-tensile hard metal. While various types of filling material may be used, merely by way of example such filling material may consist of a mixture of percent by weight of carbon to 30 percent by weight of nickel. Between the rings 1-3 of high-tensile hard metal consisting e.g.
  • the fitting ring consists in a non-illustrated manner of a plurality of segments which together with the hard metal rings 1-3 and the mica layers 7 are simultaneously inserted into a steel ring 5. This whole assembly is subsequently without any change inserted into the main fitting ring 6 or matrix in such a way that a maximum pressure preload will be obtained in the hard metal rings l3.
  • cap-like seals 9, 9a which are located outside the pressure chamber 12 and which consist of plastically deformable strong metallic material.
  • metallic material there may be mentioned steel containing 0.40 percent by weight of carbon, 0.050 percent of phosphorus and 0.050 percent by weight of sulfur, and having a tensile strength of from 6070 Kp/mm
  • the device according to the invention will, in view of the metallic seal, permit a long ram stroke. Furthermore, the device can easily be made ready for a new test or experiment. To this end, the old sample is in a simple manner pressed out of the cylindrical pressure chamber and new filling material is introduced. Also new sealing caps are in a simple manner placed upon the piston rams 8, 8a. These two steps require little work and little time.
  • a lead ring 13 which is simple to produce. This arrangement will assure that during the pressure buildup during which the distance between the rams 8, 8a is reduced, no material can escape from the high pressure chamber 12 because the gap between the intermediate punches 10, 10a and the hard metal rings 1 and 3 becomes smaller and smaller. Inversely, the lead ring will prevent that a portion of the material of the sealing caps 9, 90 will, during the building up of the pressure, be squeezed into the high pressure chamber. In this way it will be prevented that high frictional forces are generated between the punches 10, 10a on the one hand and the hard metal rings 1, 3 on the other hand whereby they might be destroyed or damaged. Furthermore it will be assured that the pressure will build up in the high pressure chamber 12 to the desired extent.
  • the piston rams 8, 8a are so designed that during the change in the shape of the caps, in other words during the building up of pressure in the high pressure chambet, the contacting surfaces between the rams and the caps will remain constant to a major extent. In this way it will be assured that not too great a portion of the outer forces exerted upon the rams 8, 8a will be consumed for changing the shape of the caps.
  • the caps 9, 9a will during the building up of pressure exert an increasing lateral pressure upon the intermediate punches 10, 10a. In this way the extent to which these punches can be subjected to a load will be greatly increased in the direction in which they are subjected to their main load.
  • the total force required for deforming the caps is, independent of the respective pressure build-up in the high pressure chamber, a definite easily measurable monotonic decreasing function of the stroke performed by the rams 8, 8a. It may be assumed that the stroke is A h, the total force generated by the press is K and the force absorbed by the caps is K K (A 11). There is then obtained for the medium pressure p in the high pressure chamber the equation:
  • family of curves can by means of electric resistance measurements on known metals be checked at certain pressures.
  • the family of cures is as to the illustrated extent only valid for load condition; for no load or expansion another family of curves would have to be ascertained.
  • the heating of the high pressure chamber may be effected by suitable tubes of metal or graphite which are fitted into the insulating Whetstone tubes 11 and are electrically conductively connected to the rams 8, 8a.
  • the rams are electrically insulated relative to the press generating the force. If desired, it is also possible to operate the device with centrally inserted heated conductors or with direct heating of the probes.
  • the supply means for the current may in a non-illustrated manner be simply connected to the holding means 14, 14a of the rams 8, 8a.
  • the device according to the present invention has several advantages over heretofore known devices of the type involved.
  • the device according to the invention makes it possible with large starting volume of the filling material to produce high pressures also with substances of high compressibility.
  • the metallic seals will, in view of their good deformability, permit a long stroke of the piston rams. During the high pressure tests, no electric contact is established between the two piston rams through the hard metal rings or the fittings therefor.
  • the device according to the invention is suited for carrying out maximum pressure syntheses within a pressure range of from 30 to kbar.
  • the device according to the invention may, for instance, be employed for producing diamonds, in which instance the starting materials may be highly compressible.
  • Another advantage of the device according to the invention is seen in the fact that the resetting of the device for a new test requires only little time and work. It is merely necessary that new sealing caps are inserted. Still another advantage of the invention consists in that the conditions for a structurally simple lining of the high pressure chamber for good thermal and electric insulation are given and also for simple and reliable pressure measuring methods in the high pressure chamber.
  • a device for generating high pressures and temperatures which includes in combination: a high-strength metallic pressure container comprising a pressure chamber adapted to receive a tubular member of plastically deformable and electrically insulating material with a charge of material to be compressed therein, two oppositely located conical piston ram means arranged in axial alignment with each other and with said pressure chamber and movable toward and away from each other and said pressure chamber for respectively compressing a charge of material in a tubular member received in said pressure chamber and relieving the thus compressed charge, electric current conveying means electrically connected to said piston ram means for heating a charge to be compressed received in said pressure chamber, said pressure chamber being defined by at least two axially aligned annular members of high strength hard metal, pressure resistant insulating material interposed between and electrically insulating said annular members from each other, annular fitting means surrounding said annular members, additional pressure resistant mica insulating means permanently interposed durably between the outer periphery of said annular members and the inner peripheral surface of said fitting means and electrical
  • a device for generating high pressures and temperatures which includes: a high-strength metallic pressure container comprising a pressure chamber adapted to receive a tubular member of plastically deformable and electrically insulating material with a charge of material to be compressed therein, two oppositely located conical piston ram means arranged in axial alignment with each other and with said pressure chamber and movable toward and away from each other and said pressure chamber for respectively compressing a charge of material in a tubular member received in said pressure chamber and relieving the thus compressed charge, electric current conveying means electrically connected to said piston ram means for heating a charge to be compressed received in said pressure chamber, said pressure chamber being defined by at least two axially aligned annular members of high strength hard metal, pressure resistant insulating material interposed between and electrically insulating said annular members from each other, annular fitting means surrounding said annular members, additional pressure resistant insulating means interposed between the outer periphery of said annular members and the inner peripheral surface of said fitting means and electrically insulating the same
  • a device in which said first mentioned and said additional pressure resistant electrically insulating material includes layers of mica.
  • each of said piston ram means comprises an outer piston and an inner piston smaller than said outer piston and inserted into the respective adjacent metallic sealing means for acting upon a charge in said pressure chamber, each of said outer pistons being operable to act upon the pertaining inner piston.
  • said metallic sealing means are cap shaped so as to exert an increasing lateral pressure upon the respective adjacent inner piston in response to increasing pressure exerted by said piston ram means upon a charge in said pressure chamber.
  • a device which includes two intermediate rings of a plastically deformable material respectively interposed between said metallic sealing means adjacent each of said piston ram means and the respective adjacent end of a tubular member with a charge of material to be compressed within said pressure chamber.
  • a device which includes matrix means with a substantially cylindrical inner wall surrounding said pressure chamber.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Press Drives And Press Lines (AREA)
  • Gasket Seals (AREA)
  • Processing And Handling Of Plastics And Other Materials For Molding In General (AREA)
US353738A 1972-04-26 1973-04-23 Device for generating high pressures and temperatures Expired - Lifetime US3895894A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE2220349A DE2220349C3 (de) 1972-04-26 1972-04-26 Vorrichtung zur Erzeugung von hohen Drücken und Temperaturen

Publications (1)

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US3895894A true US3895894A (en) 1975-07-22

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ID=5843254

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US353738A Expired - Lifetime US3895894A (en) 1972-04-26 1973-04-23 Device for generating high pressures and temperatures

Country Status (8)

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US (1) US3895894A (sv)
CH (1) CH549463A (sv)
DE (1) DE2220349C3 (sv)
ES (1) ES413954A1 (sv)
FR (1) FR2181924A1 (sv)
GB (1) GB1399570A (sv)
IT (1) IT983977B (sv)
SE (1) SE383615B (sv)

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4118161A (en) * 1975-06-12 1978-10-03 Kennametal Inc. High temperature, high pressure apparatus having a ductile driver element
US4140448A (en) * 1974-06-06 1979-02-20 Scandiamant Aktiebolag High pressure apparatus
US4225300A (en) * 1979-08-27 1980-09-30 High Pressure Technology, Inc. Reliable high pressure apparatus
US4302168A (en) * 1978-11-29 1981-11-24 Khvostantsev Lev G High pressure producing apparatus
US4927345A (en) * 1988-03-03 1990-05-22 Ohwada Carbon Industrial Co., Ltd. Press cylinder for high-temperature, high-pressure pressing machine
US6022206A (en) * 1997-03-27 2000-02-08 Mcnutt; Peter D. Cubic multi anvil device

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
SE382159B (sv) * 1974-06-06 1976-01-19 Scandiamant Ab Hogtrycksapparat

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2941247A (en) * 1957-04-29 1960-06-21 Gen Electric Two-stage high pressure high temperature apparatus
US2995776A (en) * 1960-03-31 1961-08-15 Armando A Giardini High pressure, high temperature apparatus and method
US3543347A (en) * 1967-08-25 1970-12-01 Hiroshi Ishizuka Ultrahigh pressure apparatus
US3727028A (en) * 1969-03-10 1973-04-10 T Kuratomi Ultra high pressure-temperature apparatus

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2941247A (en) * 1957-04-29 1960-06-21 Gen Electric Two-stage high pressure high temperature apparatus
US2995776A (en) * 1960-03-31 1961-08-15 Armando A Giardini High pressure, high temperature apparatus and method
US3543347A (en) * 1967-08-25 1970-12-01 Hiroshi Ishizuka Ultrahigh pressure apparatus
US3727028A (en) * 1969-03-10 1973-04-10 T Kuratomi Ultra high pressure-temperature apparatus

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4140448A (en) * 1974-06-06 1979-02-20 Scandiamant Aktiebolag High pressure apparatus
US4118161A (en) * 1975-06-12 1978-10-03 Kennametal Inc. High temperature, high pressure apparatus having a ductile driver element
US4302168A (en) * 1978-11-29 1981-11-24 Khvostantsev Lev G High pressure producing apparatus
US4225300A (en) * 1979-08-27 1980-09-30 High Pressure Technology, Inc. Reliable high pressure apparatus
US4927345A (en) * 1988-03-03 1990-05-22 Ohwada Carbon Industrial Co., Ltd. Press cylinder for high-temperature, high-pressure pressing machine
US6022206A (en) * 1997-03-27 2000-02-08 Mcnutt; Peter D. Cubic multi anvil device

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
IT983977B (it) 1974-11-11
GB1399570A (en) 1975-07-02
DE2220349B2 (de) 1974-07-04
ES413954A1 (es) 1976-02-01
DE2220349A1 (de) 1973-11-08
FR2181924A1 (sv) 1973-12-07
SE383615B (sv) 1976-03-22
CH549463A (de) 1974-05-31
DE2220349C3 (de) 1975-02-27

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