US3894833A - Waste grease-burning system and apparatus - Google Patents

Waste grease-burning system and apparatus Download PDF

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Publication number
US3894833A
US3894833A US352139A US35213973A US3894833A US 3894833 A US3894833 A US 3894833A US 352139 A US352139 A US 352139A US 35213973 A US35213973 A US 35213973A US 3894833 A US3894833 A US 3894833A
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United States
Prior art keywords
nozzle
feed
chamber
flow
swirl chamber
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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US352139A
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English (en)
Inventor
Ulf F Rinecker
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Envirotech Corp
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Envirotech Corp
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Envirotech Corp filed Critical Envirotech Corp
Priority to US352139A priority Critical patent/US3894833A/en
Priority to AU67188/74A priority patent/AU485841B2/en
Priority to DE2418393A priority patent/DE2418393A1/de
Priority to GB3387775A priority patent/GB1433674A/en
Priority to GB1673074A priority patent/GB1433673A/en
Priority to JP49044393A priority patent/JPS5014165A/ja
Priority to US05/567,207 priority patent/US3991689A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3894833A publication Critical patent/US3894833A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G7/00—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals
    • F23G7/001—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals for sludges or waste products from water treatment installations
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
    • C02F11/12—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening
    • C02F11/13—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening by heating

Definitions

  • tures includes a burner assembly or having a swirl 2 431/285 chamber whereinto the liquid is tangentially fed and Cli i swirled From a nozzle connected to the chamber a 1 Fleld Search 431/1 651 285 X; minor fraction of the feed mixture is emitted as a ro- 110/75 X; 122/7 C; 239/103- 125 600 tating, atomized spray for subsequent ignition.
  • a major fraction of the feed is continuously recycled 1 1 References C'led thereby maintaining a high liquid flow rate through UNlTED STATES PATENTS the burner assembly.
  • This invention generally relates to means for the disposal by combustion of grease, scum, and other organic floatage such as are produced during waste water treat ment processes; more particularly, this invention relates to means for conditioning and burning mixtures of such materials which have a fairly high water content.
  • Municipal and industrial waste water treatment processes usually produce not only sedimentary wastes, such as sedementary sewage sludge, but also foating wastes which usually comprise, for example, grease, oil, scum and other materials which float to the water surface. Such floatage is particularly found in primary treatment tanks. Because such materials are capable of being removed from the water surface by a skimming process, they are hereinafter referred to as skimmings".
  • a blade, chain-driven scoop or other devices can be used to skim the water surface; sometimes a weir is used and the water and/or weir height controlled so the skimmings run off over the weir.
  • skimmings comprise a large percentage of water (usually over 50%), together with the aforementioned grease, scum, wood chips and other floatage. Usually the skimmings comprise organic materials, but sometimes plastic pieces and synthetic filaments are also included. Such very non-homogeneous skimmings present difficult handling and disposal problems.
  • Equipment for burning the skimmings generally comprises a combustor or burner designed to handle a liquid waste through a steam, air, or mechanical atomizing nozzle.
  • the liquid feed is atomized as finely as possible to present the greatest surface area for mixing with combustion air.
  • a secondary incineration chamber is provided and that may comprise, for example, a verticallyarranged cylinder which acts as its own stack.
  • skimmings feed skimmings directly to sludge incinerators such as multiple-hearth furnaces, sometimes obviating the necessity of using auxiliary fuels to burn the solid sludge and at the same time disposing of the skimmings.
  • the skimmings must be fed slowly to the incinerator and then must be burned immediately or else there is the possibility of a subsequent uncontrollable flareup.
  • flare-ups can exceed the temperature capacity of the incinerator and, consequently, can destroy the furnace exhaust ducting and the like or even create an explosion.
  • the skimmings are not an evenly-flowing medium and often include large solid pieces or fibrous and synthetic strands, it is difficult to feed the skimmings to an incinerator while achieving therein an even distribution.
  • the skimmings generally are introduced to the incinerator through a single large pipe.
  • the flow from the single large pipe does not evenly distribute the skimming and, consequently, there is uneven burning inside the incinerator.
  • ash stalactites sometimes form in the furnace and eventually interfere with its operation.
  • grease may soak into the refractory brick of the furnace so that, after a period of time, the bricks are destroyed.
  • a burner assembly is provided for emitting a rotating, atomized spray of such a mixture for subsequent combustion, preferably in a multiplehearth incinerator.
  • the burner assembly includes a swirl chamber into which the skimmings are tangentially introduced to swirl therein and a nozzle is connected to the chamber for emitting a minor fraction, say 5 20%, of the incoming feed of skimmings as a rotating spray.
  • a return line from the chamber is for recycling the remaining, major portion of the feed thereby to maintain a high liquid flow rate through the burner assembly to preclude clogging.
  • a primary object of my invention is to provide means for burning grease-laden aqueous mixtures containing some solids such as are obtained from primary sewage treatment operations;
  • Another object is to provide an apparatus for emitting a spray of such grease-laden mixtures for subsequent burning
  • Yet another object is to provide a burner assembly for use in burning mixtures like those previously mentioned where the burner assembly includes means to return a substantial percentage of the total feed mixture flow so that the assembly can handle mixtures containing relatively large solid particles without clogging.
  • FIG. 1 is a side view, partially cut away, of a burner assembly according to the invention
  • FIG. 2 is a side view, partially in section and enlarged for purposes of clarity, of a portion of the assembly of FIG. 1',
  • FIG. 3 is a generally schematic diagram of a system for use in conjunction with the burner assembly of FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates a burner assembly 11 for burning feed mixtures such as are derived from sewage water skimmings.
  • the skimmings will have previously been conditioned as will be hereinafter described in detail.
  • the preferred feed material generally consists of a mixture of roughly 50% water and 50% grease which, preferably, has been conditioned as will be described hereinafter.
  • the precise chemical makeup of the feed liquid varies, depending upon the origin of the waters from which the liquid wastes are derived and, even in a single plant, depending upon the time of day.
  • the greases may, for example, include meat greases, industrial waste greases, various oils and pitches, and the like.
  • the feed liquid often will contain various entrained solids; such solids may comprise wood chips, plastic pieces, fruit pits and the like.
  • Rags and synthetic strings are usually present and have been a problem in prior grease incinerating systems because they may trangle and clog the system.
  • feed materials usually have a thermal content of 60,000 80,000 BTU per gallon.
  • the burner assembly 11 generally includes a nozzle assembly generally designated 13 having a body or swirl chamber 14 whose one end is connected to a generally converging frusto-conical nozzle 15.
  • a feed pipe 16 connects tangentially to the side of the chamber 14 for delivering the aforementioned mixtures into the chamber, and a return pipe 18 is connected to the rear of the chamber for returning a relatively large percentage, say up to 98%, of the feed from the chamber. The remaining fraction of the feed is sprayed outward from the nozzle.
  • the nozzle assembly is fixed generally coaxially in a relatively large conduit 21 and is directed toward an open end thereof.
  • a plurality of spaced-apart radially extending struts 24 (only one of which can be seen in FIG. 1) are supportively connected at their one end to the inner wall of the conduit 21 and at their other end to the nozzle assembly 11. Air is carried through the conduit 12 to mix with the spray from the nozzle assembly, as will be described hereinafter.
  • a gas pilot 22 is fed by gas pipe 23 and is fixedly mounted next to the nozzle assembly 13 in position to ignite the material sprayed therefrom.
  • Other means can be provided to ignite the material, and the gas pilot is not necessary to the invention. Because the flame from the nozzle assembly sometimes exceeds eight feet in diameter and is at least that long, the pilot 22 can be positioned quite a distance (e.g., several feet) ahead of the nozzle assembly 11, rather than immediately next to it as shown.
  • the chamber 14 of the nozzle assembly 13 has a generally cylindrical hollow interior with an open forward end and a rearward closed end having an aperture 26 formed centrally therein.
  • the aperture 26 is adapted for sealed connection to the return pipe 18.
  • the sidewall of the chamber has a slanted opening 31 formed therein into which an adapter pipe 32 is sealingly fitted for connection to the feed pipe 16 as by fitting 33. Accordingly, the feed material is introduced generally tangentially into the cup and swirls therein in a direction which, in the drawings, is counter-clockwise.
  • the larger end of the frustroconical nozzle is sealing connected to the forward open end of the chamber.
  • the nozzle converges outward at about a 45 angle, from the chamber to a smaller axial opening 28 from which the material is emitted.
  • the minimum diameter of the axial opening 28 is about one-half inch; with such a diameter, the nozzle can readily pass solid pieces which are entrained in the feed mixture.
  • the swirling or vortex-like action of the liquid feed in the swirl chamber 14 is quite important since the entering feed is thereby broken up or torn into discrete droplets which are then more readily and thoroughly burnable. Also, the swirling motion tends to keep the nozzle clear from clogging because the agitation tends to dislodge any particles which might otherwise lodge therein. Since the frustro-conical tip is smoothly tapered and the axial opening is large, the feed material continues to swirl as it sprays from the nozzle. In other words, the spray which leaves the nozzle also rotates in a counter-clockwise sense.
  • a straight tubular piece 29 is threaded into the forward end of the nozzle 15 and actually defines the opening 28.
  • the tubular piece allows ready replacement of this portion of the nozzle and allows selection of the size of opening 28 by using tubes having various inside diameters. Furthermore, in practice, it has been found that this straight section at the very end of the nozzle creates better flame characteristics.
  • the quantity of circulation through the nozzle substantially exceeds the quantity of material which is sprayed from the nozzle.
  • the spray comprises a maximum of 10% of the circulating flow.
  • 90-95% of the flow is recirculated. The excess circulation is provided so that relatively high flow rates may be achieved in the system as a whole and so that relatively larger piping can be used; accordingly, the system operates without clogging even when occasional large solid pieces are entrained in the feed mixture.
  • the spray from the nozzle is burned in the presence of air which is supplied through the conduit 21.
  • the air flowing through the conduit has a rotational component opposite to the rotation of the nozzle spray. This can be accomplished, as shown in FIG. 1, by introducing air from a blower, or the like, into an inlet duct 42 which generally tangentially converges with the conduit 21; thus the air flow through the conduit 21 will rotate clockwise.
  • the conduit 21 is closed behind the inlet duct 42 by a closure number 43 which may include appropriately-spaced apertures through which the inlet pipe 16, the return pipe 18, and the gas pilot pipe 23 extend and are supported.
  • the open end of the conduit 21 is connected directly into a multiple hearth incinerator so that the actual combustion occurs within one of the hearths thereof.
  • Said incinerators are, of course, well known. Since the spray evenly distributes the skimmings for burning across the hearth of the incinerator, the previously mentioned problems of uneven burning and ash stalactite formation are resolved. Furthermore, the heat from the burning skimmings can be used to dry and/or burn sludge in the incinerator, thereby eliminating the use of auxiliary fuel such as natural gas.
  • the multiple-hearth incinerator acts as a stack and combustion chamber for the burner assembly.
  • FIG. 3 shows one embodiment of a system for conditioning the previously-defined skimmings and then incinerating them by means of the burner assembly 11.
  • Skimmings directly derived from a waste-water treatment process. generally comprise -90% water and only 10% grease or other organic materials. As such, the skimmings are difficult or impossible to burn because their low calorific value will not reasonably support combustion.
  • the skimmings are first fed to a grinder 51.
  • a grinder is a commercially-available component which functions generally like a home garbage disposal unit. The grinder coarsely grinds or commutates the skimmings so that the solid particles therein are usually no greater than one-half inch in diameter.
  • the resulting coarsely-ground mixture may be characterized as a coarse dispersion. That dispersion is then passed, via a pipe 57, into a heat exchanger 56 which can be any one of the various well-known types.
  • a heat exchanger the mixture is subject to heat transferring contact with a medium such as steam or other hot fluid which elevates the temperature of the mixture to the preferred range of about l80200F.
  • the hot fluid is generated in a boiler 61 and fed, via pipe 62, to the heat exchanger; however, other means may be used to raise the temperature of the mixture.
  • Heating of the mixture accomplishes several results. If the mixture is very thick or stiff, it will flow much more readily after heating. If the mixture contains many relatively large pieces of animal fat, heating will either break down the pieces and thereby create a more homogenous dispersion, or the heating will allow water to enter the cells of the fat thereby creating a more readily burned material.
  • the heated mixture flows from the heat exchanger via line 63 to a partitioned holding tank 64 for decanting in a first compartment 65 thereof.
  • the influent to the tank 64 is relatively highly aqueous (e.g., about 80-90% water) and that the grease and particles of animal fat therein have a limited capacity for absorbing or entrapping water, even after heating. Consequently, the influent contains a substantial excess of water which is partially separable from the other materials by decanting in the tank 64.
  • the heavy solids in the influent mixture settle to the bottom of the compartment. Concomitantly, lighter liquids, such as oil and greases, and some solids rise to the water surface to thereby accomplish a phase separation.
  • the materials which rise to the water surface flow over a weir 66 which partitions the first compartment from a second compartment 69.
  • the overflow into compartment 69 comprises the feed to the burner assembly and, as previously mentioned, rougly consists of 50% water, 50% grease and oil, and some solid floatage. Conventional means, not shown, can be utilized to maintain the water surface height generally constant in the compartment 65.
  • the water and settled solids remaining in the first compartment 65 can be drained therefrom as an overflow through a drainage outlet 68 for subsequent disposal outside of the system.
  • the oil-water mixture is pumped, as by means of a conventional metering pump 71, into the previously-described burner assembly 11 via the inlet pipe 16.
  • the flow that returns from the burner assembly 11 via the pipe 18 re-enters the second compartment 69 of the decant tank 64 and is thereafter recycled through the burner.
  • This multiple recycling of the conditioned mixture produces a finer, more homogeneous feed mixture of the burner.
  • the return flow from the burner assembly can be returned to locations in the system other than the decant tank 64; for example, where heating is particularly important, the flow could be returned to the heat exchanger 56.
  • the effluent mixture from the grinder 51 may be first decanted in tank 64 and then heated.
  • the decanted effluent contains only a small percentage of water, (e.g., less than 30% water)
  • heating may be accomplished by directly mixing heated water with the effluent rather than by using a heat exchanger.
  • the heated water can be obtained, for example, from a boiler or from a wet scrubber which is used to clean particulate matter from the incinerator off gases.
  • the burner assembly can be used to burn industrial waste greases and the like rather than the previously mentioned sewage water skimmings.
  • An apparatus for burning combustible liquid-solid mixtures comprising:
  • a nozzle assembly which includes a swirl chamber and a nozzle which tapers outwardly and converg ingly from said chamber to an outlet end having a single opening therein of sufficient size to allow passage of solid particles therethrough;
  • an unobstructed return pipe connected in direct and immediate communication with a second opening in said swirl chamber, said second opening being in immediate flow communication with the interior of said chamber for unrestricted recycling through said return pipe of a major fraction of said feed, the remaining fraction of said feed being sprayed from said nozzle;
  • conduit means spacedly surrounding said nozzle assembly and having an open end surrounding said nozzle;
  • inlet means in communication with said conduit means for delivering a flow of oxygen-bearing gas thereinto to flow out said open end of said conduit to mix with the spray from said nozzle and to pro vide an oxidizing medium therefor.
  • said inlet means for said conduit means includes means tangentially connected thereto to introduce the gas in a flow which has a rotational component opposite to the rotation of the feed mixture in said chamber.
  • An apparatus including a straight tubular piece coaxially connected into said open end of said nozzle thereby defining the outlet from nozzle.
  • conduit mean annularly surrounds said nozzle assembly thereby to permit an annular flow of air therearound.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)
  • Incineration Of Waste (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Water, Waste Water Or Sewage (AREA)
  • Nozzles For Spraying Of Liquid Fuel (AREA)
  • Feeding And Controlling Fuel (AREA)
US352139A 1973-04-18 1973-04-18 Waste grease-burning system and apparatus Expired - Lifetime US3894833A (en)

Priority Applications (7)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US352139A US3894833A (en) 1973-04-18 1973-04-18 Waste grease-burning system and apparatus
AU67188/74A AU485841B2 (en) 1973-04-18 1974-03-27 Waste grease-burning system and apparatus
DE2418393A DE2418393A1 (de) 1973-04-18 1974-04-16 Vorrichtung zur bearbeitung und verbrennung von abfallprodukten
GB3387775A GB1433674A (en) 1973-04-18 1974-04-17 Waste grease-burning plant
GB1673074A GB1433673A (en) 1973-04-18 1974-04-17 Waste grease-burning apparatus
JP49044393A JPS5014165A (zh) 1973-04-18 1974-04-18
US05/567,207 US3991689A (en) 1973-04-18 1975-04-11 Waste grease-burning system

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US352139A US3894833A (en) 1973-04-18 1973-04-18 Waste grease-burning system and apparatus

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US05/567,207 Division US3991689A (en) 1973-04-18 1975-04-11 Waste grease-burning system

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US3894833A true US3894833A (en) 1975-07-15

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US352139A Expired - Lifetime US3894833A (en) 1973-04-18 1973-04-18 Waste grease-burning system and apparatus

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US (1) US3894833A (zh)
JP (1) JPS5014165A (zh)
DE (1) DE2418393A1 (zh)
GB (2) GB1433674A (zh)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4716843A (en) * 1986-11-03 1988-01-05 Aqua-Chem, Inc. Waste fuel combustion system
US4785748A (en) * 1987-08-24 1988-11-22 The Marquardt Company Method sudden expansion (SUE) incinerator for destroying hazardous materials & wastes
US4949655A (en) * 1989-02-17 1990-08-21 Greer Fred C Process for the utilization of powdered solid waste
US5055031A (en) * 1990-05-07 1991-10-08 John Werner Fire vortex display
US20050258261A1 (en) * 2002-11-30 2005-11-24 Gast Karl H Method for operating heating systems, heating system for carrying out the method and use thereof

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5562927A (en) * 1978-11-04 1980-05-12 Matsushita Electric Works Ltd Method of making thermosetting resin in the solid form
EP0042891A1 (en) * 1980-06-30 1982-01-06 Kilmaurs Engineering Company Limited Waste oil burner
JPS5792617A (en) * 1980-12-01 1982-06-09 Kobe Steel Ltd Control method of slurry fuel combustion
JPS6026895U (ja) * 1983-07-29 1985-02-23 株式会社　タカラ 水濡れ表示板
GB2155599B (en) * 1984-03-09 1988-10-12 Tsung-Hsien Kuo Improved refuse incineration system
CN113357650A (zh) * 2021-03-03 2021-09-07 徐丹丹 具有自清洁功能的水环境治理用淤泥清理装置

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1441630A (en) * 1919-04-01 1923-01-09 William R Ray Oil burner
US1769197A (en) * 1924-10-23 1930-07-01 Anoilcoal Burner Co Method and apparatus for burning fuels
US2267451A (en) * 1938-10-06 1941-12-23 Goetaverken Ab Adjustable oil burner
US2721765A (en) * 1952-03-27 1955-10-25 Hobson Ltd H M Nozzles
US3129777A (en) * 1962-08-07 1964-04-21 Hughes Tool Co Replaceable nozzle having completely shrouded retainer
US3757706A (en) * 1970-04-20 1973-09-11 Heurtey Sa Method and apparatus for incinerating polluted liquids and mud

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1441630A (en) * 1919-04-01 1923-01-09 William R Ray Oil burner
US1769197A (en) * 1924-10-23 1930-07-01 Anoilcoal Burner Co Method and apparatus for burning fuels
US2267451A (en) * 1938-10-06 1941-12-23 Goetaverken Ab Adjustable oil burner
US2721765A (en) * 1952-03-27 1955-10-25 Hobson Ltd H M Nozzles
US3129777A (en) * 1962-08-07 1964-04-21 Hughes Tool Co Replaceable nozzle having completely shrouded retainer
US3757706A (en) * 1970-04-20 1973-09-11 Heurtey Sa Method and apparatus for incinerating polluted liquids and mud

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4716843A (en) * 1986-11-03 1988-01-05 Aqua-Chem, Inc. Waste fuel combustion system
US4785748A (en) * 1987-08-24 1988-11-22 The Marquardt Company Method sudden expansion (SUE) incinerator for destroying hazardous materials & wastes
US4949655A (en) * 1989-02-17 1990-08-21 Greer Fred C Process for the utilization of powdered solid waste
US5055031A (en) * 1990-05-07 1991-10-08 John Werner Fire vortex display
WO1991017396A1 (en) * 1990-05-07 1991-11-14 Wet Design Fire vortex display
US20050258261A1 (en) * 2002-11-30 2005-11-24 Gast Karl H Method for operating heating systems, heating system for carrying out the method and use thereof

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE2418393A1 (de) 1974-10-31
JPS5014165A (zh) 1975-02-14
GB1433674A (en) 1976-04-28
AU6718874A (en) 1975-10-02
GB1433673A (en) 1976-04-28

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