US3894403A - Vibration-free refrigeration transfer - Google Patents
Vibration-free refrigeration transfer Download PDFInfo
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- US3894403A US3894403A US368351A US36835173A US3894403A US 3894403 A US3894403 A US 3894403A US 368351 A US368351 A US 368351A US 36835173 A US36835173 A US 36835173A US 3894403 A US3894403 A US 3894403A
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- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 55
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 22
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical group [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000004813 Moessbauer spectroscopy Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 12
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 7
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000004611 spectroscopical analysis Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001342 Bakelite® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004847 absorption spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004637 bakelite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000004993 emission spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005251 gamma ray Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000008282 halocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 1
- 229910052756 noble gas Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002835 noble gases Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012811 non-conductive material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F25D19/00—Arrangement or mounting of refrigeration units with respect to devices or objects to be refrigerated, e.g. infrared detectors
- F25D19/006—Thermal coupling structure or interface
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F6/00—Superconducting magnets; Superconducting coils
- H01F6/04—Cooling
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S505/00—Superconductor technology: apparatus, material, process
- Y10S505/825—Apparatus per se, device per se, or process of making or operating same
- Y10S505/888—Refrigeration
- Y10S505/892—Magnetic device cooling
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S505/00—Superconductor technology: apparatus, material, process
- Y10S505/825—Apparatus per se, device per se, or process of making or operating same
- Y10S505/888—Refrigeration
- Y10S505/897—Cryogenic media transfer
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Analysing Materials By The Use Of Radiation (AREA)
- Sampling And Sample Adjustment (AREA)
Abstract
An apparatus for transferring refrigeration to an object to be cooled without mechanical contact of the refrigerator and object so that vibrational loads are not transferred to the object. The apparatus is characterized in that a fluid transfer medium is caused to circulate in a confined path adjacent the refrigeration source and the object to effect cooling of the object. An apparatus such as disclosed is ideally suited for cooling samples for Mossbauer Spectroscopy.
Description
[ July 15, 1975 ABSTRACT M'cissbauer Studies, 9/2/68, Nuclear Instruments and Methods 66 (1968). 177-180.
Primary ExaminerMeyer Perlin Assistant ExaminerRonald C. Capossela Attorney, Agent. or Firm-James C. Simmons; Barry Noyerman An apparatus for transferring refrigeration to an ob ject to be cooled without mechanical contact of the refrigerator and object so that vibrational loads are not transferred to the object. The apparatus is characterized in that a fluid transfer medium is caused to circulate in a confined path adjacent the refrigeration source and the object to effect cooling of the object. An apparatus such as disclosed is ideally suited for cooling samples for Mossbauer Spectroscopy.
VIBRATION-FREE REFRIGERATION TRANSFER inventor: Ralph C. Longsworth, Allentown,
Assignee: Air Products and Chemicals, Inc.,
Allentown. Pa.
Filed: June 8, 1973 Appl. No.: 368,351
Int. C1.F17c 7/02 Field of Search........................... 62/514, 45, 55
References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS United States Patent Longsworth 9 Claims, 5 Drawing Figures 1 ltvt .uv lllililiiliitiihi lig -lJF o M ll.- m
55 8 r 44 8 O f 22 66/2 I .26 0 H mmum r "H" 6 g H n n m d H. u S fimw mun m .HU l m m m M m ma cm Md 1. e .rl L 0L0 a .mh B m w Ur... ll-l na 0 DU .1 D1 KCwC e R S 99 EU 8 3 6667 H e 9999 Th HHHHOT Ill-l M 7255 t 8358 e 4235 W 6224 0 h 3333 C VIBRATION-FREE REFRIGERATION TRANSFER BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION This invention pertains to the field of refrigeration and, in particular, transfer of refrigeration from a refrigeration source to an object to be cooled without transfer of vibrational forces from the refrigeration source to the object being cooled. Such vibrationless transfer of refrigeration is required for among other things, cooling samples to be examined by emission and absorption spectroscopy. One branch of spectroscopy for which this type of refrigeration transfer is absolutely critical is that which is known as Miissbauer Spectroscopy. In the late 1950's, one Rudolf Mfissbauer discovered that nuclei that are embedded in solids can emit and absorb low-energy gamma rays which display the natural line width and possess the full transition energy. No recoil energy is transferred to the lattice vibration. This discovery is known as the Mossbauer effect. In those nuclei with low Debye temperatures, it becomes necessary for the gamma-ray emitter and absorber to be cooled to cryogenic temperatures on the order of lK (Kelvin). In order to achieve these temperatures, it had been necessary to employ a source of liquid helium and/or liquid nitrogen. For studies following coulomb excitation or nuclear reactions, the time required for a single run can comprise several days. In order to achieve a single run, the cost of liquid helium and the labor involved in maintaining a level of liquid helium are significant.
More recently, it has been proposed to use a closedcycle helium refrigerator to cool the sample for Mossbauer studies. This is set forth in an article entitled, The Use of a Helium Refrigerator for Miissbauer Studies," by Y. W. Chow, E. S. Greenbaum, R. H. Howes, F. H. H. Hsu, P. H. Swerdlow, and C. S. Wu, which appeared in Nuclear Instruments and Methods 66 (l968) at Pages l77-l80 published by the North- Holland Publishing Company. In this article the authors described a helium refrigerator mechanically coupled to the specimen holder to be cooled by a closed-cycle helium refrigerator. The article sets forth a bellows arrangement to minimize transfer of the vibrations associated with the closed-cycle helium refrigerator from being transferred to the sample holder.
The foregoing article and most of the prior art devices that are used commercially require a mechanical contact between the refrigerator and the sample being cooled, such contact is usually achieved by flexible braided copper straps to further minimize transfer of vibration from the refrigerator to the sample being cooled.
It is apparent that if the mechanical coupling has a large enough cross section to be a good heat conductor then it will also transmit vibration thus a compromise is always required between the desire to have a large cross section for good heat transfer and a small cross section to minimize transmitted vibration.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In order to overcome the above-described problems and to provide a more effective vibration-free transfer of refrigeration from a mechanical refrigeration source to a sample to be cooled, it has been discovered that if a quantity of a fluid transfer medium is circulated in a confined path adjacent the refrigeration source (e.g. cold end of the closed-cycle helium refrigerator) the circulating fluid transfer medium can be brought in contact with the sample holder, and the sample can thus be effectively cooled. In the foregoing apparatus, the sample holder can be mounted independently of the refrigerator, thus avoiding any mechanical contact between the source of refrigeration and the sample undergoing cooling.
Therefore, it is the primary object of this invention to provide an improved apparatus for transferring of refrigeration.
It is another object of this invention to provide an apparatus for transfer of refrigeration between a refrigeration source and a sample to be cooled without mechanical contact of the refrigerator and the sample.
It is still another object of this invention to provide an apparatus for transfer of refrigeration from a closedcycle helium refrigerator to a sample holder.
It is a further object of this invention to provide a minimized vibration environment for cooling a sample holder in Miissbauer Spectroscopy.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING FIG. 1 is an elevational view partially in section of an apparatus according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is an enlarged section taken along line 22 of FIG. 1.
FIG. 3 is a fractional portion of the apparatus of FIG. I enlarged for clarity and illustrating another embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is an elevational view partially in section showing another embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is an elevational view partially in section showing a device according to the present invention suitable for cooling a superconducting magnet.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT The invention in its broadest aspects will be described as applied to a sample holder for Miissbauer Spectroscopy. The sample holder portion of the Mossbauer Spectroscopy technique is shown in FIGS. I and 2 and includes a closed-cycle helium refrigerator shown generally as 10. The refrigerator 10 is of the two-stage type comprising a first stage [2 and a second stage 14. Such a refrigerator is capable of producing temperatures of l0K at the lower end of the second stage (cold end of the refrigerator) and extension stud l6. Stud 16 is generally of a high conductivity material such as copper. A refrigerator such as 10 is disclosed in detail in U.S. Pat. No. 3,620,029, which Patent specification is incorporated herein by reference. The present applicant is also the patentee of the aforementioned U.S. Pat. No. 3,620,029.
The refrigerator 10 is mounted in a support ring 18, which is in turn fixed to a rigid support such as the floor of the laboratory building by support member 20. The device also includes a sample holder designated generally as 22, which sample holder is held by support 24 which support 24 is in turn fixed to the optical bench by support members 26. The refrigerator 10 stages 12 and 14 are inserted inside sample support 22. In order to provide a closed system, a flexible vibration isolating sleeve 28, such as a very thin-walled, corrugated rubber sleeve, is affixed to the refrigerator l0 and sample holder 22 with hose clamps as shown in FIG. 1.
The sample holder 22 includes an outer vacuum shroud 30 with a suitable vacuum outlet 32 for evacuating the cavity defined by the vacuum shroud and the inner system components as will hereinafter be more fully described. Disposed within the vacuum shroud and surrounding the first stage 12 of the refrigerator is a stainless steel inner vacuum jacket sleeve 34. Affixed to the lower end of sleeve 34 is a radiation shield sup port adaptor 36. Disposed below the support adaptor 36 and affixed thereto as by a threaded connection is a second stage radiation shield 38. The radiation shield 38 can be a solid copper cylinder or can be with an aluminized plastic overwrap such as is commonly employed in cryogenic devices. Disposed within radiation shield 38 and affixed in fluidtight relation to sleeve 34 is an inner vacuum jacket extension 40 which surrounds the second stage 14 of the refrigerator l2. Affixed to the bottom of jacket 40 is a specimen holder adaptor 42, which in turn supports the sample holder 44. The specimen holder adaptor 42 includes a series of vertical passages 43, the function of which will be more fully explained hereinafter.
Disposed around the first stage 12 of the refrigerator is a first stage heat exchanger 46 and disposed around the copper stud 16 is a second stage heat exchanger 48. The heat exchangers are shown in cross section in FIG. 2 and can in one embodiment be manufactured from a sheet of copper, which is wrapped in cylindrical fashion with a plurality of vertical spacers 49, thereby defining a series of vertical flow passages through the heat exchangers 46 and 48. The heat exchangers 46 and 48, while different in size, are identical in structure. The heat exchangers provide for convective circulation of the fluid transfer medium through the vertical passages as will hereinafter be more fully explained.
The system is completed with an instrument feed through 50 for measuring temperature and the like. There is also provided a fitting 52 for introducing the fluid transfer medium into the area between the refrigerator stages l2, l4 and sleeves 34 and 40. Fitting 52 includes a pressure relief valve for maintaining one atmosphere pressure of fluid transfer medium in the nonevacuated spaces. There is also inlet conduit 54 and outlet conduit 56 for introducing and removing helium from the refrigerator 10. The inlet and outlet conduits are connected to a compressor (not shown) by flexible conduits (not shown) so that the compressor can be isolated from the refrigerator thereby minimizing any vibration forces produced by the compressor from being transferred to the refrigerator l and hence to sample holder 44.
The device is assembled as shown with the flexible sleeve 28 fitted in fluid-tight relationship between the refrigerator l0 and the sample holder 22. A fluid transfer medium, preferably helium, is introduced through fitting 52 and fills the space between the refrigerator l0 (stages 12 and 14) and the sample holder internal sleeves 34, 40, and 42. The fluid transfer medium port 52 is connected to a source of fluid transfer medium that will maintain one atmosphere pressure and the refrigerator is energized, thereby producing refrigeration at the lower end of first stage 12 and second stage 14. The refrigeration causes the fluid transfer medium to circulate in a vertical manner through the heat exchangers 46 and 48 by convective phenomenon. At the lower end of second stage 14, the passages 43 is specimen holder 42 lengthen the circulation path of the fluid transfer medium, thereby achieving good exchange of refrigeration between the second stage 14 of refrigerator 10 and the specimen holder 44. Since there are no mechanical connections between the heat exchangers and the sample holder, there is no vibrational loading directly communicated between the refrigerator and the sample holder. Furthermore, the flexible vibration isolating sleeve 28 prevents transfer of vibration or other motion induced forces from other parts of the refrigerator to the sample holder 22. The vibration isolating sleeve 28 can be of a very thin flexible material as long as the system operates at one atmosphere, thereby having equalized pressure inside of the cavity filled by the fluid transfer medium and outside as determined by ambient pressure. As long as there is no differential pressure, the flexible isolating sleeve will isolate vibration and prevent transfer of vibration forces to the sample holder 44.
It is apparent that with the device, as illustrated in FIG. 1, the design criteria of maximum transfer of refrigeration per minimum volume of fluid transfer medium can be achieved by the convective circulation. The driving force for circulation is the difference in density between the warm and cold gas and the length of the confined circulation path as determined by the length of the heat exchanger 48 in relation to the extreme cold end of the refrigeration source. The circulation is somewhat enhanced by the passages 43 and specimen holder 42, however, there is shown in FIG. 3 a further means of enhancing the circulation. As shown in FIG. 3, a generally cylindrical chimney 100 is interposed between the heat exchanger 48 and the specimen holder 42, thereby defining a long flow path through the heat exchanger down to the sample holder 44 and around through passages 43 back up to the upper end of heat exchanger 48. Such a chimney is preferably made from a nonconductive material such as bakelite or other plastic material. The chimney does not mechanically link the refrigerator 10 to the sample holder 44 so no vibrational loads are transmitted to the sample holder 44, thus making the device ideally suited for Mfissbauer effect studies.
It is also possible to achieve various temperature levels and temperature control by using a different transfer fluid in conjunction with the refrigerator 12 and the sample holder 22 as shown. For example, at high temperature levels (e.g. 20K) more effective refrigeration transfer can be achieved when the fluid transfer me dium is hydrogen and is condensed to a liquid and then evaporated. A mixture of transfer fluids will achieve a different range of temperatures so that this condensing mode can be adequately effected.
There is shown in FIG. 4 yet another embodiment of the present invention wherein the overall length of the refrigeration system is shortened. This is achieved by, in essence, folding over the two stages of the circulating fluid transfer system to effect the shortened version of the system. In the embodiment of FIG. 4, there is shown a refrigerator 10' having a first and second stage 12' and 14' respectively as with the embodiment of FIG. 1.
In the embodiment of FIG. 4, the refrigerator is disposed inside of a fluid housing 70. The housing is isolated from the refrigerator as in FIG. 1 by a thin, flexible sleeve 28'. The first stage 12' has two heat exchangers 58, 60 with a chimney device 62 therebetween. The chimney device is affixed to heat exchanger 58 but does not contact heat exchanger 60. The second stage 14' has heat exchangers 64, 66, and chimney 68 constructed in an identical manner. The second stage 14' heat exchangers 64, 66 are disposed within sleeve 72, which sleeve is made to be recessed inside sleeve 70 as shown. Disposed on the end of sleeve 72 is a cold end cap 74, which is cooled by the second stage 14' cold end of the refrigerator. As with the embodiment of FIG. 1, the fluid transfer medium, e.g. helium, is introduced through a suitable port 52 to fill the space between the refrigerator stages 12, 14' and corresponding shells 70, 72. The heat exchanger and chimney combinations, in co-operation with the cooling effect of the refrigerator, causes convective circulation in both stages of the fluid transfer medium, thus affecting refrigeration without the mechanical coupling of the refrigerator to the cold end plate 74.
There is shown in FIG. 5 yet another embodiment of a refrigeration system wherein the refrigeration system is applied to cooling a superconducting magnet, which magnet structure includes an outer vacuum shell 80, a first heat shield 82 which is referred to as a 75K shield, a second heat shield 84 referred to as a 20K shield, a liquid helium dewar 86 containing liquid helium, a magnet cavity 88, magnet 90, helium fill tube 92 and electrical feed through 94. The refrigerator is idencold refrigeration source to an object to be cooled comprising in combination:
a source of cryogenic refrigeration; means for confining and circulating a fluid transfer medium in contact with the source of refrigeration; said means including a structural member affixed to the source of refrigeration thereby producing an elongated confined flow path for the fluid transfer medium; and a support means for holding an object to be cooled in contact with the circulating fluid transfer medium, the support means being mounted in spaced relation to the refrigeration source to prevent forces induced by motion of the refrigeration source from being transmitted directly to the object support means. 2. An apparatus according to claim 1 wherein the refrigeration source and object support means are disposed within a vacuum jacket and the fluid transfer medium is maintained at a pressure of one atmosphere.
tical to that shown in the embodiment of FIG. 4 having 2 first stage 12' and second stage 14' with heat exchangers as shown. The first stage 12 serves to maintain heat shield 82 at temperature of about 75K and second stage 14' serves to maintain shield 84 at a temperature of about 20K thereby minimizing heat leaking into the liquid helium in dewar 86. With the above-described setup, it would be possible to provide a Joule- Thompson type cryostat in conjunction with the refrigerator to maintain the level of liquid helium in the dewar 86 by taking the vaporized helium in the space above the liquid level and recondensing it to liquid. Such cryostats are well known to a worker skilled in the art and their inclusion would be readily achieved by a skilled artisan.
While the heat exchangers have been described as preferably being constructed from a sheet copper with spaces brazed thereon, it is possible to use many types of heat exchangers including folded copper sheet, a plurality of tubes or the like that will provide the same elongated closed flow path for circulation of the liquid transfer medium at the various stages of the refrigerator.
lt is also within the purview of this invention to use a single-stage refrigerator for providing a fixed cryogenic temperature at the cold end of the refrigerator in an identical manner using similar structure.
It is also within the purview of the invention to use other fluid transfer means such as nitrogen, argon, air, hydrogen, halocarbons, noble gases, methane, and mixtures thereof.
It is still further within the purview of the invention to provide small mechanical fans or a like forced circulating device at the extreme ends of the various stages of the refrigerator to further enhance fluid transfer medium circulation.
Having thus described my invention, the following is desired to be secured by Letters Patent of the United States.
I claim:
1. Apparatus for transferring refrigeration from a 3. An apparatus according to claim 1 wherein the means for confining and circulating the fluid transfer medium includes a first heat exchanger in contact with the refrigeration source, the heat exchanger having a 5 plurality of elongated generally parallel fluid passages therein for inducing convective circulation of the fluid transfer medium.
4. An apparatus according to claim 3 including a second heat exchanger positioned coaxially to the first heat exchanger in contact with the refrigeration source thereby extending the length of the circulation path of the fluid transfer medium.
5. An apparatus according to claim 4 wherein a chimney is interposed between said first and second heat exchangers to further enhance convective circulation of the fluid transfer medium.
6. An apparatus according to claim 1 including a flexible bellows-shaped sleeve between the refrigeration 4 source and the object support means operable as part of the means for confining the fluid transfer medium, thus preventing transfer of forces induced by motion of the refrigeration source to the object support means.
7. An apparatus according to claim 6 wherein the 5 fluid transfer medium is maintained at a pressure of one atmosphere.
8. An apparatus according to claim 6 wherein the fluid transfer medium is helium.
9. A superconducting magnet cooling apparatus 0 comprising in combination:
an elongated cryogenic refrigerator with a cold end disposed adjacent the superconducting magnet; means for confining and circulating a fluid transfer medium in contact with the refrigerator cold end, said means including a heat exchanger affixed to the refrigerator cold end whereby the heat exchanger causes the fluid transfer medium to circulate in an elongated confined flow path; and a superconducting magnet support, said support positioning the superconducting magnet in contact with the circulating fluid transfer medium, the support mounted to prevent forces induced by motion of the refrigerator from being transmitted directly to the superconducting magnet.
* i l l
Claims (8)
1. Apparatus for transferring refrigeration from a cold refrigeration source to an object to be cooled comprising in combination: a source of cryogenic refrigeration; means for confining and circulating a fluid transfer medium in contact with the source of refrigeration; said means including a structural member affixed to the source of refrigeration thereby producing an elongated confined flow path for the fluid transfer medium; and a support means for holding an object to be cooled in contact with the circulating fluid transfer medium, the support means being mounted in spaced relation to the refrigeration source to prevent forces induced by motion of the refrigeration source from being transmitted directly to the object support means.
2. An apparatus according to claim 1 wherein the refrigeration source and object support means are disposed within a vacuum jacket and the fluid transfer medium is maintained at a pressure of one atmosphere.
3. An apparatus according to claim 1 wherein the means for confining and circulating the fluid transfer medium includes a first heat exchanger in contact with the refrigeration source, the heat exchanger having a plurality of elongated generally parallel fluid passages therein for inducing convective circulation of the fluid transfer medium.
4. An apparatus according to claim 3 including a second heat exchanger positioned coaxially to the first heat exchanger in contact with the refrigeration source thereby extending the length of the circulation path of the fluid transfer medium.
5. An apparatus according to claim 4 wherein a chimney is interposed between said first and second heat exchangers to furtHer enhance convective circulation of the fluid transfer medium. 6. An apparatus according to claim 1 including a flexible bellows-shaped sleeve between the refrigeration source and the object support means operable as part of the means for confining the fluid transfer medium, thus preventing transfer of forces induced by motion of the refrigeration source to the object support means.
7. An apparatus according to claim 6 wherein the fluid transfer medium is maintained at a pressure of one atmosphere.
8. An apparatus according to claim 6 wherein the fluid transfer medium is helium.
9. A superconducting magnet cooling apparatus comprising in combination: an elongated cryogenic refrigerator with a cold end disposed adjacent the superconducting magnet; means for confining and circulating a fluid transfer medium in contact with the refrigerator cold end, said means including a heat exchanger affixed to the refrigerator cold end whereby the heat exchanger causes the fluid transfer medium to circulate in an elongated confined flow path; and a superconducting magnet support, said support positioning the superconducting magnet in contact with the circulating fluid transfer medium, the support mounted to prevent forces induced by motion of the refrigerator from being transmitted directly to the superconducting magnet.
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US368351A US3894403A (en) | 1973-06-08 | 1973-06-08 | Vibration-free refrigeration transfer |
GB2056874A GB1472183A (en) | 1973-06-08 | 1974-05-09 | Refrigeration transfer apparatus |
DE2423301A DE2423301C2 (en) | 1973-06-08 | 1974-05-14 | Device for the vibration-free transmission of cold |
JP49062445A JPS6145177B2 (en) | 1973-06-08 | 1974-06-03 |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US368351A US3894403A (en) | 1973-06-08 | 1973-06-08 | Vibration-free refrigeration transfer |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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US3894403A true US3894403A (en) | 1975-07-15 |
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Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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US368351A Expired - Lifetime US3894403A (en) | 1973-06-08 | 1973-06-08 | Vibration-free refrigeration transfer |
Country Status (4)
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US (1) | US3894403A (en) |
JP (1) | JPS6145177B2 (en) |
DE (1) | DE2423301C2 (en) |
GB (1) | GB1472183A (en) |
Cited By (53)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4077231A (en) * | 1976-08-09 | 1978-03-07 | Nasa | Multistation refrigeration system |
EP0006277A1 (en) * | 1978-06-21 | 1980-01-09 | Philips Electronics Uk Limited | Cooling-element mounts for infra-red detectors and their envelope arrangements |
US4218892A (en) * | 1979-03-29 | 1980-08-26 | Nasa | Low cost cryostat |
US4223540A (en) * | 1979-03-02 | 1980-09-23 | Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. | Dewar and removable refrigerator for maintaining liquefied gas inventory |
US4241592A (en) * | 1977-10-03 | 1980-12-30 | Schlumberger Technology Corporation | Cryostat for borehole sonde employing semiconductor detector |
EP0021802A2 (en) * | 1979-06-22 | 1981-01-07 | Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. | Cryostat incorporating thermal coupling and condenser |
DE2944464A1 (en) * | 1979-11-03 | 1981-05-14 | C. Reichert Optische Werke Ag, Wien | DEVICE FOR THE CRYSTAL SUBSTITUTION OF SMALL BIOLOGICAL OBJECTS FOR MICROSCOPIC, IN PARTICULAR ELECTRON MICROSCOPIC EXAMINATIONS |
US4279127A (en) * | 1979-03-02 | 1981-07-21 | Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. | Removable refrigerator for maintaining liquefied gas inventory |
US4314459A (en) * | 1979-06-28 | 1982-02-09 | Jacques Rivoire | Stable and precise cryogenic device |
US4363217A (en) * | 1981-01-29 | 1982-12-14 | Venuti Guy S | Vibration damping apparatus |
US4394819A (en) * | 1982-08-16 | 1983-07-26 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration | Vibration isolation and pressure compensation apparatus for sensitive instrumentation |
US4539822A (en) * | 1984-02-27 | 1985-09-10 | National Electrostatics Corporation | Vibration isolator for cryopump |
US4562703A (en) * | 1984-11-29 | 1986-01-07 | General Electric Company | Plug tube for NMR magnet cryostat |
WO1987003152A1 (en) * | 1985-11-12 | 1987-05-21 | Hypres, Inc. | Room temperature to cryogenic electrical interface |
US4667486A (en) * | 1986-05-05 | 1987-05-26 | General Electric Company | Refrigerated penetration insert for cryostat with axial thermal disconnect |
US4667487A (en) * | 1986-05-05 | 1987-05-26 | General Electric Company | Refrigerated penetration insert for cryostat with rotating thermal disconnect |
US4680936A (en) * | 1985-12-24 | 1987-07-21 | Ga Technologies Inc. | Cryogenic magnet systems |
US4715189A (en) * | 1985-11-12 | 1987-12-29 | Hypres, Inc. | Open cycle cooling of electrical circuits |
US4745761A (en) * | 1985-10-30 | 1988-05-24 | Research & Manufacturing Co., Inc. | Vibration damped cryogenic apparatus |
US4833899A (en) * | 1986-11-14 | 1989-05-30 | Helix Technology Corporation | Cryopump with vibration isolation |
US4835972A (en) * | 1986-03-13 | 1989-06-06 | Helix Technology Corporation | Flex-line vibration isolator and cryopump with vibration isolation |
US4851684A (en) * | 1986-03-25 | 1989-07-25 | Ortec Incorporated | Modular photon detector cryostat assembly and system |
US4854131A (en) * | 1986-05-16 | 1989-08-08 | Daikin Industries, Ltd. | Very low temperature refrigerator |
US4862697A (en) * | 1986-03-13 | 1989-09-05 | Helix Technology Corporation | Cryopump with vibration isolation |
US4869077A (en) * | 1987-08-21 | 1989-09-26 | Hypres, Inc. | Open-cycle cooling apparatus |
US4870830A (en) * | 1987-09-28 | 1989-10-03 | Hypres, Inc. | Cryogenic fluid delivery system |
DE4227388A1 (en) * | 1992-08-19 | 1994-02-24 | Spectrospin Ag | Cryostat with mechanically flexible thermal contact |
US5327733A (en) * | 1993-03-08 | 1994-07-12 | University Of Cincinnati | Substantially vibration-free shroud and mounting system for sample cooling and low temperature spectroscopy |
US5816052A (en) * | 1997-02-24 | 1998-10-06 | Noran Instruments, Inc. | Method and apparatus for mechanically cooling energy dispersive X-ray spectrometers |
US6164077A (en) * | 1998-03-31 | 2000-12-26 | Matra Marconi Space France | Thermal link device for a cryogenic machine |
US20030126886A1 (en) * | 2001-03-09 | 2003-07-10 | Paul Kelly | Dilution refrigerator assembly |
WO2004013493A2 (en) * | 2002-07-26 | 2004-02-12 | Nikkiso Cryo, Inc. | Process and apparatus for assembling and disassembling a cryogenic pump |
US20050126187A1 (en) * | 2003-07-03 | 2005-06-16 | Rui Li | Cryogenic cooling apparatus |
WO2006043010A1 (en) * | 2004-10-22 | 2006-04-27 | Commissariat A L'energie Atomique | Cryostat for studying samples in a vacuum |
US20070051116A1 (en) * | 2004-07-30 | 2007-03-08 | Bruker Biospin Ag | Device for loss-free cryogen cooling of a cryostat configuration |
US20070234751A1 (en) * | 2006-04-06 | 2007-10-11 | National Institute Of Advanced Industrial Science And Technology | Sample cooling apparatus |
US20080216486A1 (en) * | 2004-05-25 | 2008-09-11 | Siemens Magnet Technology Ltd. | Cooling Apparatus Comprising a Thermal Interface and Method For Recondensing a Cryogen Gas |
US20100050661A1 (en) * | 2008-08-14 | 2010-03-04 | David Snow | Apparatus and methods for improving vibration isolation, thermal dampening, and optical access in cryogenic refrigerators |
US20100242503A1 (en) * | 2009-03-27 | 2010-09-30 | Alex Woidtke | Methods & apparatus for providing rotational movement and thermal stability to a cooled sample |
US20120204580A1 (en) * | 2009-09-16 | 2012-08-16 | Kawasaki Jukogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Cryogen supply and return device for use with cryogen rotating electric machine and superconducting rotating electric machine with cryogen supply and return device |
US8433380B1 (en) * | 2011-12-28 | 2013-04-30 | Kookmin University Industry Academic Cooperation Foundation | Mössbauer spectroscopy system for applying external magnetic field at cryogenic temperature using refrigerator |
US8746008B1 (en) | 2009-03-29 | 2014-06-10 | Montana Instruments Corporation | Low vibration cryocooled system for low temperature microscopy and spectroscopy applications |
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CS217448B1 (en) * | 1980-07-15 | 1983-01-28 | Vladimir Matena | Cryosurgical tool |
JPS5932758A (en) * | 1982-08-16 | 1984-02-22 | 株式会社日立製作所 | Cryostat with helium refrigerator |
US4959964A (en) * | 1988-09-16 | 1990-10-02 | Hitachi, Ltd. | Cryostat with refrigerator containing superconductive magnet |
US5363077A (en) * | 1994-01-31 | 1994-11-08 | General Electric Company | MRI magnet having a vibration-isolated cryocooler |
US5442928A (en) * | 1994-08-05 | 1995-08-22 | General Electric | Hybrid cooling system for a superconducting magnet |
US5485730A (en) * | 1994-08-10 | 1996-01-23 | General Electric Company | Remote cooling system for a superconducting magnet |
JP5839734B2 (en) * | 2013-12-26 | 2016-01-06 | 大陽日酸株式会社 | Evaporative gas reliquefaction equipment for low temperature liquefied gas |
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Cited By (78)
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US4077231A (en) * | 1976-08-09 | 1978-03-07 | Nasa | Multistation refrigeration system |
US4241592A (en) * | 1977-10-03 | 1980-12-30 | Schlumberger Technology Corporation | Cryostat for borehole sonde employing semiconductor detector |
US4262200A (en) * | 1978-06-21 | 1981-04-14 | U.S. Philips Corporation | Detectors, and envelope arrangements and mounts for detectors |
EP0006277A1 (en) * | 1978-06-21 | 1980-01-09 | Philips Electronics Uk Limited | Cooling-element mounts for infra-red detectors and their envelope arrangements |
US4223540A (en) * | 1979-03-02 | 1980-09-23 | Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. | Dewar and removable refrigerator for maintaining liquefied gas inventory |
US4279127A (en) * | 1979-03-02 | 1981-07-21 | Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. | Removable refrigerator for maintaining liquefied gas inventory |
US4218892A (en) * | 1979-03-29 | 1980-08-26 | Nasa | Low cost cryostat |
US4277949A (en) * | 1979-06-22 | 1981-07-14 | Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. | Cryostat with serviceable refrigerator |
EP0021802B1 (en) * | 1979-06-22 | 1987-08-19 | Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. | Cryostat incorporating thermal coupling and condenser |
EP0120131A1 (en) * | 1979-06-22 | 1984-10-03 | Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. | Thermal coupling |
EP0021802A2 (en) * | 1979-06-22 | 1981-01-07 | Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. | Cryostat incorporating thermal coupling and condenser |
US4314459A (en) * | 1979-06-28 | 1982-02-09 | Jacques Rivoire | Stable and precise cryogenic device |
DE2944464A1 (en) * | 1979-11-03 | 1981-05-14 | C. Reichert Optische Werke Ag, Wien | DEVICE FOR THE CRYSTAL SUBSTITUTION OF SMALL BIOLOGICAL OBJECTS FOR MICROSCOPIC, IN PARTICULAR ELECTRON MICROSCOPIC EXAMINATIONS |
US4363217A (en) * | 1981-01-29 | 1982-12-14 | Venuti Guy S | Vibration damping apparatus |
US4394819A (en) * | 1982-08-16 | 1983-07-26 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration | Vibration isolation and pressure compensation apparatus for sensitive instrumentation |
US4539822A (en) * | 1984-02-27 | 1985-09-10 | National Electrostatics Corporation | Vibration isolator for cryopump |
US4562703A (en) * | 1984-11-29 | 1986-01-07 | General Electric Company | Plug tube for NMR magnet cryostat |
US4745761A (en) * | 1985-10-30 | 1988-05-24 | Research & Manufacturing Co., Inc. | Vibration damped cryogenic apparatus |
WO1987003152A1 (en) * | 1985-11-12 | 1987-05-21 | Hypres, Inc. | Room temperature to cryogenic electrical interface |
US4715189A (en) * | 1985-11-12 | 1987-12-29 | Hypres, Inc. | Open cycle cooling of electrical circuits |
US4739633A (en) * | 1985-11-12 | 1988-04-26 | Hypres, Inc. | Room temperature to cryogenic electrical interface |
US4680936A (en) * | 1985-12-24 | 1987-07-21 | Ga Technologies Inc. | Cryogenic magnet systems |
US4862697A (en) * | 1986-03-13 | 1989-09-05 | Helix Technology Corporation | Cryopump with vibration isolation |
US4835972A (en) * | 1986-03-13 | 1989-06-06 | Helix Technology Corporation | Flex-line vibration isolator and cryopump with vibration isolation |
US4851684A (en) * | 1986-03-25 | 1989-07-25 | Ortec Incorporated | Modular photon detector cryostat assembly and system |
US4667487A (en) * | 1986-05-05 | 1987-05-26 | General Electric Company | Refrigerated penetration insert for cryostat with rotating thermal disconnect |
US4667486A (en) * | 1986-05-05 | 1987-05-26 | General Electric Company | Refrigerated penetration insert for cryostat with axial thermal disconnect |
US4854131A (en) * | 1986-05-16 | 1989-08-08 | Daikin Industries, Ltd. | Very low temperature refrigerator |
US4833899A (en) * | 1986-11-14 | 1989-05-30 | Helix Technology Corporation | Cryopump with vibration isolation |
US4869077A (en) * | 1987-08-21 | 1989-09-26 | Hypres, Inc. | Open-cycle cooling apparatus |
US4870830A (en) * | 1987-09-28 | 1989-10-03 | Hypres, Inc. | Cryogenic fluid delivery system |
DE4227388A1 (en) * | 1992-08-19 | 1994-02-24 | Spectrospin Ag | Cryostat with mechanically flexible thermal contact |
US5327733A (en) * | 1993-03-08 | 1994-07-12 | University Of Cincinnati | Substantially vibration-free shroud and mounting system for sample cooling and low temperature spectroscopy |
US5816052A (en) * | 1997-02-24 | 1998-10-06 | Noran Instruments, Inc. | Method and apparatus for mechanically cooling energy dispersive X-ray spectrometers |
US6164077A (en) * | 1998-03-31 | 2000-12-26 | Matra Marconi Space France | Thermal link device for a cryogenic machine |
US20030126886A1 (en) * | 2001-03-09 | 2003-07-10 | Paul Kelly | Dilution refrigerator assembly |
US6758059B2 (en) * | 2001-03-09 | 2004-07-06 | Oxford Instruments Superconductivity Limited | Dilution refrigerator assembly |
US20040050073A1 (en) * | 2002-07-26 | 2004-03-18 | Lyons Michael W. | Process, apparatus, and kit for assembling and disassembling a cryogenic pump |
WO2004013493A2 (en) * | 2002-07-26 | 2004-02-12 | Nikkiso Cryo, Inc. | Process and apparatus for assembling and disassembling a cryogenic pump |
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US7107677B2 (en) | 2002-07-26 | 2006-09-19 | Nikkiso Cyro, Incorporated | Process, apparatus, and kit for assembling and disassembling a cryogenic pump |
US20050126187A1 (en) * | 2003-07-03 | 2005-06-16 | Rui Li | Cryogenic cooling apparatus |
US20080216486A1 (en) * | 2004-05-25 | 2008-09-11 | Siemens Magnet Technology Ltd. | Cooling Apparatus Comprising a Thermal Interface and Method For Recondensing a Cryogen Gas |
US9732907B2 (en) * | 2004-05-25 | 2017-08-15 | Siemens Plc | Cooling apparatus comprising a thermal interface and method for recondensing a cryogen gas |
US20070051116A1 (en) * | 2004-07-30 | 2007-03-08 | Bruker Biospin Ag | Device for loss-free cryogen cooling of a cryostat configuration |
WO2006043010A1 (en) * | 2004-10-22 | 2006-04-27 | Commissariat A L'energie Atomique | Cryostat for studying samples in a vacuum |
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US20070234751A1 (en) * | 2006-04-06 | 2007-10-11 | National Institute Of Advanced Industrial Science And Technology | Sample cooling apparatus |
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US20100050661A1 (en) * | 2008-08-14 | 2010-03-04 | David Snow | Apparatus and methods for improving vibration isolation, thermal dampening, and optical access in cryogenic refrigerators |
US8516834B2 (en) | 2008-08-14 | 2013-08-27 | S2 Corporation | Apparatus and methods for improving vibration isolation, thermal dampening, and optical access in cryogenic refrigerators |
US8756941B2 (en) | 2008-08-14 | 2014-06-24 | S2 Corporation | Apparatus and methods for improving vibration isolation, thermal dampening, and optical access in cryogenic refrigerators |
US8844298B2 (en) | 2008-11-18 | 2014-09-30 | S2 Corporation | Vibration reducing sample mount with thermal coupling |
US8307666B2 (en) | 2009-03-27 | 2012-11-13 | S2 Corporation | Methods and apparatus for providing rotational movement and thermal stability to a cooled sample |
US20100242503A1 (en) * | 2009-03-27 | 2010-09-30 | Alex Woidtke | Methods & apparatus for providing rotational movement and thermal stability to a cooled sample |
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US20190074116A1 (en) * | 2013-04-24 | 2019-03-07 | Siemens Plc | Assembly comprising a two-stage cryogenic refrigerator and associated mounting arrangement |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE2423301C2 (en) | 1985-07-18 |
GB1472183A (en) | 1977-05-04 |
JPS6145177B2 (en) | 1986-10-07 |
JPS5059087A (en) | 1975-05-22 |
DE2423301A1 (en) | 1975-01-02 |
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Owner name: APD CRYOGENICS INC., A CORP OF PA. Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:AIR PRODUCTS AND CHEMICALS, INC., A CORP OF DE.;REEL/FRAME:004686/0713 Effective date: 19870310 Owner name: APD CRYOGENICS INC.,PENNSYLVANIA Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:AIR PRODUCTS AND CHEMICALS, INC.;REEL/FRAME:004686/0713 Effective date: 19870310 |