US3893276A - Beam and building incorporating the same - Google Patents

Beam and building incorporating the same Download PDF

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Publication number
US3893276A
US3893276A US467148A US46714874A US3893276A US 3893276 A US3893276 A US 3893276A US 467148 A US467148 A US 467148A US 46714874 A US46714874 A US 46714874A US 3893276 A US3893276 A US 3893276A
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United States
Prior art keywords
longitudinal
longitudinal load
bearing members
members
panel
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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US467148A
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English (en)
Inventor
David James Brown
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Conder International Ltd
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Conder International Ltd
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Publication date
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L29/00—Semiconductor devices specially adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching and having potential barriers; Capacitors or resistors having potential barriers, e.g. a PN-junction depletion layer or carrier concentration layer; Details of semiconductor bodies or of electrodes thereof ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
    • H01L29/02—Semiconductor bodies ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
    • H01L29/06—Semiconductor bodies ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor characterised by their shape; characterised by the shapes, relative sizes, or dispositions of the semiconductor regions ; characterised by the concentration or distribution of impurities within semiconductor regions
    • H01L29/10—Semiconductor bodies ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor characterised by their shape; characterised by the shapes, relative sizes, or dispositions of the semiconductor regions ; characterised by the concentration or distribution of impurities within semiconductor regions with semiconductor regions connected to an electrode not carrying current to be rectified, amplified or switched and such electrode being part of a semiconductor device which comprises three or more electrodes
    • H01L29/107—Substrate region of field-effect devices
    • H01L29/1091—Substrate region of field-effect devices of charge coupled devices
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B9/00—Ceilings; Construction of ceilings, e.g. false ceilings; Ceiling construction with regard to insulation
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C3/00—Structural elongated elements designed for load-supporting
    • E04C3/02—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces
    • E04C3/04—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal
    • E04C3/08—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal with apertured web, e.g. with a web consisting of bar-like components; Honeycomb girders
    • E04C3/09—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal with apertured web, e.g. with a web consisting of bar-like components; Honeycomb girders at least partly of bent or otherwise deformed strip- or sheet-like material
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C3/00—Structural elongated elements designed for load-supporting
    • E04C3/02—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces
    • E04C3/04—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal
    • E04C2003/0486—Truss like structures composed of separate truss elements
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C3/00—Structural elongated elements designed for load-supporting
    • E04C3/02—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces
    • E04C3/04—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal
    • E04C2003/0486—Truss like structures composed of separate truss elements
    • E04C2003/0495—Truss like structures composed of separate truss elements the truss elements being located in several non-parallel surfaces

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a building construction comprising a roof or floor with at least one primary structural member in the form of a beam extending beneath and supporting the roof or floor.
  • a primary structural member which is in the form of a roof or floor beam transfers the weight of the roof or floor to vertical support members such as walls or stanchions.
  • the beam comprising a plurality of longitudinal loadbearing members in a generally triangular configuration as seen in cross-section and delineating three longitudinal sides of the beam. at least two of the sides being inclined to the vertical and to the horizontal, the beam being primarily intended for single-storey, flat roof buildings such as factories and warehouses.
  • the longitudinal members and bracing members form an open lattice which is not only unattractive in appearance but makes it difficult to paint when there is a requirement for painting all visible surfaces. in addition, dust and dirt tend to lodge on the members and then to fall down into the working space. Furthermore, there is also a tendency for moisture to condense and for the condensation to collect in concealed pockets.
  • the longitudinal load-bearing members comprise longitudinal panelretaining lips extending at least along the tops and bottoms of the inclined sides of the beam, panels being provided on the sides and retained by the lips so that the panels cover the bracing members (as seen from below); the distance apart of the lips on any one inclined side is greater than the height of the respective panel retained by the lips, the top lip extending lower than the top edge of the panel to retain the top of the panel and the bottom lip extending above the bottom edge of the panel to retain the bottom of the panel, so that the panels are inserted by inserting the top edge of the panel behind the top lip. locating the bottom edge of the panel in the correct place and then moving the pane] downwards to retain the bottom edge behind the bottom lip.
  • the invention enables the bottom part of the beam to be closed in, and the bracing members can either be completely concealed or just visible behind for instance translucent panels.
  • the panels improve the appearance of the beam, particularly if they are opaque panels, and the panels reduce the area which needs to be painted. In addition, though the panels may not be completely effective in this respect, the panels can reduce the condensation of moisture within the beam.
  • the panels themselves can be provided with a laminated or prepainted surface.
  • the lips on the longitudinal members themselves there is no necessity for for instance bolting or screwing the panels in position or for providing separate channels; the lips can be provided very simply and economically, for instance when cold-rolling to form the longitudinal members.
  • the specific arrangement for inserting the panels enables the panels to be inserted by a simple lift-up and drop-down movement, and this can be performed when the beam is in position and when for instance air conditioning conduits and electrical services have been installed in the beam.
  • the panels can be removed quite simply for maintenance or repair of for instance electrical services, and no tools are required for such removal of the panels.
  • the longitudinal members of the beam will be in a generally triangular configuration, but the beam itself may be either of generally V-shape or of generally triangular shape in cross-section, in both cases the apex preferably being downwards.
  • a generally triangular section e.g. horizontal ties inter-connecting the top longitudinal load-bearing members
  • Inside retaining means for the panels can be discontinuous and can be formed for instance by the bracing members themselves.
  • the longitudinal loadbearing members may have offset edge portions, giving a Z-shape profile at the edge zones.
  • the preferred cross-sectional shape for the longitudinal load-bearing members has two substantial parts at right angles or approximately at right angles to one another, a first zone of one part making an obtuse angle with an edge zone which forms or mounts the respective retaining lip in this way, said first zone of the top longitudinal loadbearing member can project substantially vertically downwards and the respective edge zone be angled downwards and inwards, and said first zone of the bottom longitudinal load-bearing member can project substantially horizontally outwards and the edge zone be angled upwards and outwards.
  • the obtuse angles need not be the same, but conveniently the obtuse angle of the top longitudinal load-bearing member and the obtuse angle of the bottom longitudinal load-bearing member add up to 270, the preferred arrangement being to have an obtuse angle of about 150 for the top longitudinal load-bearing member and about for the bottom longitudinal load-bearing member.
  • a rebate may be formed where said parts join, defined by three right angle bends, two bends being in the same direction and on either side of a centre bend in the other direction; the rebate can support ceiling panels, as explained later with reference to the accompanying drawing.
  • the longitudinal load-bearing members are preferably rolled or otherwise formed from strip metal and are of identical profiles apart from one bend whose angle may differ between the top and bottom longitudinal load-bearing members this means that the same rolling programme can be used for all the longitudinal load-bearing members apart from the say two rolls required to put in the bend in question.
  • An insert is provided behind the bottom lip, to make the bottom lip effectively shallower than the top lip, for correct insertion of the panel.
  • the beam is of generally V or generally triangular section, it is preferably part pre-fabricated off site as two plane trusses each having a single top longitudinal load-bearing member and a single bottom longitudinal load-bearing member inter-connected by bracing members which can be, say, welded in position.
  • the bottom longitudinal load-bearing members can be secured together, normally by bolting, and the top longitudinal load-bearing members may be interconnected by ties, e.g. in the form of threaded-end rods.
  • the panels can be put into position either before erecting the beams or, if the beams are suitably designed, after erecting the beams.
  • the panels themselves may be opaque and have suitable sound damping or fire insulation qualities, or alternatively translucent panels may be employed so that lighting can be installed within the beams.
  • FIG. 1 is a cross-section of a beam in accordance with the invention, along the line II of FIG. 2;
  • FIG. 2 is an elevation of the beam of FIG. I on a smaller scale
  • FIG. 3 is a cross-section of the top left-hand longitudinal load bearing member of the beam shown in FIG. 1, on a larger scale.
  • the beam has top and bottom longitudinal loadbearing members 1, 2, which have been cold rolled in steel after pre-galvanising.
  • the top and bottom longitudinal load-bearing members 1, 2 are inter-connected by bracing members 3 to form a triangular section beam; in other words, the longitudinal Ioad-bearing members I, 2 are in a generally triangular configuration as seen in cross-section and delineate three longitudinal sides of the beams, two of the sides being inclined to the vertical and to the horizontal, the bracing members 3 being on the inclined sides.
  • the bracing members 3 are T-shaped, cold rolled in steel after pre-galvanising.
  • the bracing members 3 can be welded in position to form plane trusses which can be stacked and transported without difficulty.
  • FIG. I shows a small modification, in practice the triangular section beam will be symmetrical about its central vertical plane.
  • the bottom longitudinal loadbearing members 2 are secured e.g. bolted together with the incorporation of spacers (not shown) so that a gap 4 is left between them.
  • the top longitudinal loadbearing tie means I are inter-connected by suitable members such as the threaded-end tie rod 5 shown in FIG. 1.
  • Each longitudinal load-bearing member I, 2 has an offset panel retaining lip 6.
  • the lips 6 extend along the tops and bottoms of the inclined sides of the beam.
  • Each lip 6 provides the outer wall of a channel, and an abutment portion 6', which extends at right angles to the lip 6 as seen in cross-section and provides the base of the channel, the (discontinuous) inner wall of the channel or inside retaining means being provided by the bracing members 3.
  • each longitudinal load bearing member 1 is in the form of an offset edge portion, the lip 6, the abutment portion 6' and an adjacent portion 6" being formed by two reverse bends I7 and 18 to provide a Z- shaped profile at the respective edge zone of the member I.
  • the member 1 has two substantial parts Ia and lb at a angle to one another, the first part la having a bend 19 therein which divides the same into a first zone It" and an edge zone Id at a I50 obtuse angle to one another, the edge zone 1d forming the retaining lip 6.
  • the longitudinal load bearing members running along the top and bottom of the beam are of identical profiles apart from the bend or angle as stated above, the angle is for the upper member I, while the corresponding angle is I20 for the lower members 2.
  • Panels 7 may be retained in the channels and cover the bracing members 3, and are inserted by inserting the top edge of the panel in the top channel, behind the top lip, and then dropping the bottom edge of the panel into the bottom channel to retain the bottom edge behind the bottom lip when the panel has been brought into the correct plane, inserts in the form of filler strips 8 (e.g. of plastic such as polyethylene foam) being placed beforehand in the bottom channels to ensure that the top edge of the panel 7 remains engaged in the top channel, is. to make the bottom lip effectively shallower than the respective top lip.
  • the top lip 6 extends lower than the top edge of the panel 7 to retain the top of the panel, and the bottom lip 6 extends above the bottom edge of the panel 7, to retain the bottom of the panel.
  • the distance between the bottom of the top lip 6 and the top of the bottom lip 6 must thus be greater than the height of the panel 7, the height being its dimension measured up its slope.
  • the panel shown is made of gypsum plasterboard with a transparent plastic face, an industrial finish which requires no painting.
  • the panels can be made of any suitable material, such as any plasterboard, corrugated sheeting, translucent plastics or glass.
  • a rebate 12 as shown on the left-hand side of FIG. 1 and in FIG. 3, may be rolled into the longitudinal load-bearing member so that the fitting 11 is no longer required and the edge of the ceiling panel 10 fits into, and is supported by, the rebate 12.
  • the rebate 12 is, as is shown in FIG. 3, defined by three right angle bends 12a, 12b, and 12c, the bends 12a and 12c being in the same direction and on either side of the bend 12b, which is in the other direction.
  • an angle strip 13 may be secured by nuts on the ends of the rods 5 and in turn retain the ceiling panel.
  • the gap 4 can, as explained above, be used for blowing or extracting air; blowing means 16, e.g. an exhaust fan or a blower, is shown schematically in FIG. I for exhausting air through the gap 4 and from the interior of the beam or for blowing air into the interior of the beam and hence through the gap 4, for air conditioning, ventilation or heating.
  • hangers 14 can pass up through the gap 4 for securing items such as lighting equipment to the beam.
  • the hangers can either be bolted to the bottom longitudinal load-bearing members 2 (the hangers may act as the spacers), or the hangers can have wider top ends which rest on return flanges of the bottom longitudinal load-bearing members formed by bends 20, or on the top edges of the members if the return flanges 15 are not present.
  • this invention also provides a building member comprising two profiled members, each having a number of longitudinal bends therein, which members have been formed from strip metal and are of identical profiles apart from one bend whose angle differs between the two members.
  • the members are preferably longitudinal load-bearing members in a composite beam.
  • a building construction comprising a roof or floor, at least one primary structural member in the form of a beam extending beneath and supporting said roof or floor, said beam comprising four longitudinal load-bearing members arranged in an inverted generally triangular configuration as seen in cross-section with one of said longitudinal load-bearing members running the length of the beam along each of the two top edges of the triangular configuration and with the two remaining longitudinal load-bearing members running the length of the beam along the downwardly depending bottom edge thereof to delineate three longitudinal sides of said beam, two of which are inclined to both the vertical and the horizontal, said longitudinal load-bearing members each being formed from strip material provided with longitudinal bends therein, including a first such bend which divides said longitudinal load-bearing member longitudinally into two substantial parts angularly disposed toward one another, and two longitudinal reverse bends adjacent the longitudinal edge of one part of said longitudinal load-bearing member to form an integral off-set lip extending substantially the length thereof, said lip on the one part of each of the top longitudinal load-bearing
  • each of the longitudinal load-bearing members formed by said first longitudinal bend therein is substantially a right angle
  • another longitudinal bend is provided in said one part to divide the same into a first zone adjacent the other part and an edge zone including said integral lips, said edge zone forming an obtuse angle with said first zone and extending from the same side of said first zone as the respective second part.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
  • Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Building Environments (AREA)
  • Roof Covering Using Slabs Or Stiff Sheets (AREA)
  • Rod-Shaped Construction Members (AREA)
  • Joining Of Building Structures In Genera (AREA)
  • Load-Bearing And Curtain Walls (AREA)
US467148A 1971-11-17 1974-05-06 Beam and building incorporating the same Expired - Lifetime US3893276A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB5334471A GB1413652A (en) 1971-11-17 1971-11-17 Beam and building incorporating the same

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US3893276A true US3893276A (en) 1975-07-08

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US467148A Expired - Lifetime US3893276A (en) 1971-11-17 1974-05-06 Beam and building incorporating the same

Country Status (9)

Country Link
US (1) US3893276A (fr)
BE (1) BE791531A (fr)
DE (1) DE2255747A1 (fr)
ES (1) ES217465Y (fr)
FR (1) FR2160628B1 (fr)
GB (1) GB1413652A (fr)
IE (1) IE37543B1 (fr)
NL (1) NL7215547A (fr)
ZA (1) ZA728173B (fr)

Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4080881A (en) * 1975-05-22 1978-03-28 Campbell Research Corporation Building construction
US4349996A (en) * 1980-04-24 1982-09-21 Armco Inc. Integrated roof system
US4888934A (en) * 1988-02-05 1989-12-26 Raymond Couture Beam structure
US6212846B1 (en) 2000-02-09 2001-04-10 Franklin E. Johnston Isosceles joist
US6662651B1 (en) * 2002-08-15 2003-12-16 Javelin Sports, Inc. Portable exercise device
US20100132283A1 (en) * 2008-05-14 2010-06-03 Plattforms, Inc. Precast composite structural floor system
US8381485B2 (en) 2010-05-04 2013-02-26 Plattforms, Inc. Precast composite structural floor system
US8453406B2 (en) 2010-05-04 2013-06-04 Plattforms, Inc. Precast composite structural girder and floor system
US8499511B2 (en) 2008-05-14 2013-08-06 Plattforms Inc. Precast composite structural floor system
WO2014009909A1 (fr) * 2012-07-11 2014-01-16 Medabil Sistemas Construtivos S/A Structure de treillis métallique pour systèmes de couverture et ensemble de membrures à utiliser dans une structure de treillis
US20150292168A1 (en) * 2014-04-14 2015-10-15 Guido FURLANETTO Deck
US20180187406A1 (en) * 2015-08-19 2018-07-05 Kabushiki Kaisya Sbl Building structure, building, and building construction method
US10557266B2 (en) 2017-06-02 2020-02-11 Austin Building And Design Inc. Girders, joists and roof system

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2525659A1 (fr) * 1982-04-27 1983-10-28 Acmc Export Element autoportant et de grande longueur pour la realisation d'une toiture de batiment
GB8929100D0 (en) * 1989-12-22 1990-02-28 Conder Group Plc Support structure
GB2377462B (en) * 1998-10-14 2003-04-02 Steadman William D Support assembly
CN107090943B (zh) * 2017-06-14 2022-08-09 杭州铁木辛柯建筑结构设计事务所有限公司 隅撑拉条作为檩条支点的轻钢屋面体系

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1317470A (en) * 1919-09-30 alschuler
US1918790A (en) * 1931-06-09 1933-07-18 Frederic M Whyte Ventilating and reflecting transom for passenger cars
US2066388A (en) * 1932-09-17 1937-01-05 Firm Edward G Budd Mfg Company Construction of metal girders
US2808912A (en) * 1954-02-01 1957-10-08 Youngstown Sheet And Tube Co Radio tower and leg for the same
US3106146A (en) * 1961-06-20 1963-10-08 Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp Air distribution duct assembly
US3111207A (en) * 1960-06-06 1963-11-19 Ralph E Braddon Bar joists
US3665837A (en) * 1970-05-13 1972-05-30 Chicago Metallic Corp Lineal air diffuser bar
US3673945A (en) * 1970-02-11 1972-07-04 Joel R Rachlin Ventilating air distributing channel

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1317470A (en) * 1919-09-30 alschuler
US1918790A (en) * 1931-06-09 1933-07-18 Frederic M Whyte Ventilating and reflecting transom for passenger cars
US2066388A (en) * 1932-09-17 1937-01-05 Firm Edward G Budd Mfg Company Construction of metal girders
US2808912A (en) * 1954-02-01 1957-10-08 Youngstown Sheet And Tube Co Radio tower and leg for the same
US3111207A (en) * 1960-06-06 1963-11-19 Ralph E Braddon Bar joists
US3106146A (en) * 1961-06-20 1963-10-08 Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp Air distribution duct assembly
US3673945A (en) * 1970-02-11 1972-07-04 Joel R Rachlin Ventilating air distributing channel
US3665837A (en) * 1970-05-13 1972-05-30 Chicago Metallic Corp Lineal air diffuser bar

Cited By (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4080881A (en) * 1975-05-22 1978-03-28 Campbell Research Corporation Building construction
US4349996A (en) * 1980-04-24 1982-09-21 Armco Inc. Integrated roof system
US4888934A (en) * 1988-02-05 1989-12-26 Raymond Couture Beam structure
US6212846B1 (en) 2000-02-09 2001-04-10 Franklin E. Johnston Isosceles joist
US6662651B1 (en) * 2002-08-15 2003-12-16 Javelin Sports, Inc. Portable exercise device
US8499511B2 (en) 2008-05-14 2013-08-06 Plattforms Inc. Precast composite structural floor system
US20100132283A1 (en) * 2008-05-14 2010-06-03 Plattforms, Inc. Precast composite structural floor system
US8297017B2 (en) * 2008-05-14 2012-10-30 Plattforms, Inc. Precast composite structural floor system
US8745930B2 (en) 2008-05-14 2014-06-10 Plattforms, Inc Precast composite structural floor system
US8453406B2 (en) 2010-05-04 2013-06-04 Plattforms, Inc. Precast composite structural girder and floor system
US8381485B2 (en) 2010-05-04 2013-02-26 Plattforms, Inc. Precast composite structural floor system
WO2014009909A1 (fr) * 2012-07-11 2014-01-16 Medabil Sistemas Construtivos S/A Structure de treillis métallique pour systèmes de couverture et ensemble de membrures à utiliser dans une structure de treillis
US20150292168A1 (en) * 2014-04-14 2015-10-15 Guido FURLANETTO Deck
US9422680B2 (en) * 2014-04-14 2016-08-23 Guido FURLANETTO Deck
US20180187406A1 (en) * 2015-08-19 2018-07-05 Kabushiki Kaisya Sbl Building structure, building, and building construction method
US10480172B2 (en) * 2015-08-19 2019-11-19 Kabushiki Kaisya Sbl Building structure, building, and building construction method
US10557266B2 (en) 2017-06-02 2020-02-11 Austin Building And Design Inc. Girders, joists and roof system

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES217465U (es) 1976-08-16
ES217465Y (es) 1977-01-01
IE37543L (en) 1973-05-17
FR2160628A1 (fr) 1973-06-29
NL7215547A (fr) 1973-05-21
IE37543B1 (en) 1977-08-17
DE2255747A1 (de) 1973-05-24
GB1413652A (en) 1975-11-12
ZA728173B (en) 1973-07-25
BE791531A (fr) 1973-03-16
FR2160628B1 (fr) 1975-03-28

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