US3891415A - Electrostatic dust collector for exhaust gases containing fine particles - Google Patents

Electrostatic dust collector for exhaust gases containing fine particles Download PDF

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Publication number
US3891415A
US3891415A US292974A US29297472A US3891415A US 3891415 A US3891415 A US 3891415A US 292974 A US292974 A US 292974A US 29297472 A US29297472 A US 29297472A US 3891415 A US3891415 A US 3891415A
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Prior art keywords
dust collecting
dust
electrode
electrostatic
exhaust gas
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US292974A
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English (en)
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Tamotsu Watanabe
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NIPPON KOGEI KOGYO Co LIM
NIPPON KOGEI KOGYO COMPANY Ltd
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NIPPON KOGEI KOGYO Co LIM
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Priority claimed from JP650072A external-priority patent/JPS4876160A/ja
Priority claimed from JP1416072A external-priority patent/JPS4883463A/ja
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
    • B03C3/02—Plant or installations having external electricity supply
    • B03C3/04—Plant or installations having external electricity supply dry type
    • B03C3/12—Plant or installations having external electricity supply dry type characterised by separation of ionising and collecting stations
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S55/00—Gas separation
    • Y10S55/25—Agglomerators

Definitions

  • the present invention relates generally to apparatus for electrostatically collecting fine particles within exhaust gases and more particularly to an electrostatic dust collector wherein the particles in the exhaust gas are electrostatically collected after they are previously aggregated into coarse particles.
  • Cottrell type dust collector which passes the exhaust gas containing the fine dust particles through an electrostatic field formed by a pair of electrodes which face each other.
  • the conventional Cottrell type dust collectors exhibit a low coefficient of collecting fine particles making it difficult to collect such fine particles having a diameter of less than I u.
  • the disadvantages have been especially serious when treating exhaust gas which is at a high temperature and which contains fine particles having a specific electric resistance, such as, for example, the exhaust gases which are exhausted from a rotary kiln of a cement factory or an electric furnace of a ferrosilicon factory.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide an improved electrostatic dust collector which electrostatically collects fine particles having a specific electric resistance by lowering the specific electric resistance.
  • Still another object of the present invention is to provide an improved electrostatic dust collector which has a relatively simple structure and has a high coefficient of dust collection.
  • Yet another object of the present invention is to provide an improved electrostatic dust collector which effectively removes dust deposited upon a dust collecting electrode.
  • a grid or latticetype particle aggregating means positioned upstream of the dust collecting zone, and wherein a charged electrode connected to a high voltage D.C. generator faces a dust collecting electrode maintained to ground or earth potential so as to form an electrostatic field within the dust collecting zone of the exhaust gas passage.
  • the particle aggregating means results in the ag gregation of the fine particles contained within the exhaust gas by collision of the fine particles within a weak electrostatic field which exists between the aggregating means and the charged electrode.
  • a humidifying means is preferably provided upstream of the particle aggregating means when the fine particles have a high specific electric resistance.
  • the electrostatic dust collector can be provided in an exhaust gas passage connected to a rotary kiln, combustion furnace, electric furnace or other combustion apparatus.
  • FIG. 1 is a partial sectional side elevation view of one embodiment of the electrostatic dust collector constructed according to this invention, and showing its cooperative parts;
  • FIG. 2 is a diagramatical view of another embodiment of the electrostatic dust collector constructed according to this invention, and showing its cooperative parts;
  • FIG. 3 is a perspective view, with parts broken away, of still another embodiment of the electrostatic dust collector constructed according to this invention, and showing the specific arrangement of a humidifier and an aggregating means;
  • FIGS. 4 to 12 respectively show several embodiments of the aggregating means which may be utilized in this invention.
  • FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional view of yet another embodiment of the electrostatic dust collector constructed according to this invention, looking in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the flow passage, such specifically showing conveying means employed with such apparatus;
  • FIG. 14 is a cross-sectional view, similar to that of FIG. 13, showing another type of conveying means which may be employed.
  • FIG. 15 is a cross-sectional view, similar to that of FIG. 13, showing a further embodiment of the apparatus constructed according to this invention.
  • FIG. 1 there is shown an electrostatic dust collector into which exhaust gas, containing fine particles exhausted from a rotary kiln, an electric furnace, or the like, not shown in the drawing, is introduced through a rectangular flow duct 1.
  • a grid or lattice-type aggregating means 2 is mounted transversely within flow duct 1, and downstream of aggregating means 2 there is positioned a pair of parallel charged wire electrodes 3 which are supported in tension by a pair of vertical support members 5, 5 which extend from and below a pair of high voltage insulators 4 and 4, respectively.
  • a power-driven pulley 6, a pair of idler pulleys 7 and 7' and a releasing pulley 8' are mounted upon the support members 5 and 5', for receiving the charged electrodes 3 in such manner that the tension of the wire electrodes 3 may be adjusted by means of an electric drive motor 8 and a variable speed gearing system 9.
  • the charged electrodes are connected, through a high voltage cable 11 to a high voltage D.C. generator 10, while the inner, surrounding wall 12 of the duct 1 is grounded so as to be connected to an earth terminal of generator 10, whereby the entire, inner, surrounding wall 12 of the duct 1 acts as another charged electrode, and thus a dust collecting chamber or zone is formed between charged electrodes 3 and dust collecting electrode l2.
  • the fine particles are aggregated so as to form coarse particles which are collected in the dust collecting zone upon the dust collecting electrode and then exhausted outside.
  • Such aggregation is due to the collision of the fine particles as such proceed within the divided gas flow due to the grid, net, or latticetype aggregating means, as well as the weak electrostatic field which exists between the charged electrode and the aggregating means.
  • the aggregating means can be located in any suitable position depending upon the potential of the electrostatic field within the dust collecting zone.
  • the aggregating means When however the aggregating means is placed too near to the charged electrode, the aggregating means acts as the dust collecting electrode so that dust tends to deposit upon the grid or lattice thereby choking the aggregating means.
  • the deposited dust can of course be blown out by increasing the velocity of the exhaust gas passing through the aggregating means.
  • the aggregating means is located too far from the charged electrode so as not to form an electrostatic field therewith, the aggregation effect is not achieved.
  • FIG. 2 another embodiment of the present invention is disclosed comprising an aggregating means 2 which is mounted within a flow diet I having, a reduced dimension portion in the downstream direction, and a flow deflector 13 which is fixed at a position upstream of aggregating means 2 and transversely located relative to duct 1. Downstream of aggregating means 2 is located a pair of charged electrodes 3 which are fixed in opposed relation to duct collecting electrode 12 so as to form a dust collecting zone, similar to that shown in FIG. 1. The other structural components of this embodiment are likewise similar to those shown in FIG. 1.
  • the dust collector When the dust collector is used for treating exhaust gases containing fine particles having a specific resistance, such as, for example, in excess of Q cm, such as for example, that gas exhausted from an electric furnace of a ferrosilicon factory, it is preferable to provide a humidifier upstream of the aggregating means.
  • the humidifier can be only one of various conventional humidifiers such as for example, a spray type humidifier or a stream-type humidifier. the humidifier, the aggregation effect can be increased for such contributes to the formation of larger coarse particles.
  • the exhaust gas containing the fine particles having a high specific resistance is humidified before passing through the aggregating means, so that the fine particles are effectively aggregated so as to form coarse particles, by the effect of colliding upon passing through the grid or lattice and the effect of the electrostatic field, after which they are effectively electrostatically removed. Such will be more apparent upon reference to FIG. 3, discussed hereinafter.
  • the electrostatic dust collector of this embodiment having a humidifier mounted within flow duct 1, wherein the humidifier includes a liquid reservoir 14, a liquid supply tube 15, a plurality of valves 16 and 16' for controlling atomization of the liquid, distributing tubes 17 and 17' for conveying the liquid to atomizers l8 and 18' and atomizing nozzles 19 and 19'.
  • the humidifier includes a liquid reservoir 14, a liquid supply tube 15, a plurality of valves 16 and 16' for controlling atomization of the liquid, distributing tubes 17 and 17' for conveying the liquid to atomizers l8 and 18' and atomizing nozzles 19 and 19'.
  • An aggregating means 2 is fixed within the flow duct 1 at a position downstream of the humidifier, while charged electrodes 3 are supported in tension downstream of aggregating means 2 and positioned so as to face inner surrounding wall 12 which acts as a dust collecting electrode, a dust collecting zone thereby being formed similar in construction to that disclosed in FIG. 1.
  • the aggregating means 2 is positioned far enough upstream of the charged electrodes and the dust collecting electrode, such that any area of means 2 which is positioned within the electrostatic field is small when compared to that area of the dust collecting zone within the electrostatic field, the two electrostatic fields being of course proportional to the areas exposed.
  • the fine particles contained in the exhaust gas indicate a very high specific electric resistance value
  • a humidifier such that nozzle portions of the sprayer is directed into the exhaust gas passage, and wherein the quantity of the injected mist can be automatically varied depending upon a change in the quantity of the exhaust gas.
  • an airless system with a capacity of supplying pressure through the pump of an amount, such as for example, 2 5 kg/cm is preferably used, such a system preventing a decrease in the quantity of exhaust gas being treated.
  • a liquid film, a liquid stream, or steam supply means can be used in order to contact the fine particles passing through the flow duct.
  • the desired percentage of humidity is determined depending upon the amount of ex haust gas to be treated, the physical properties of the fine particles within the gas, and the rate of treatment of the fine particles contained within the exhaust gas, wherein a rate of 0,5 1.2 liters per minute is most preferable.
  • the specific resistance value of the fine particles becomes less than 10, preferably 10 10 the particles thereby exhibiting good electrification. Consequently, when the humidified fine particles are introduced into the aggregating area, they are effectively aggregated so as to form coarse particles.
  • aggregating means 2 may take the form of a grid or lattice, such means being transversely fixed relative to the direction of flow of the exhaust gas within do. -t l.
  • the specific exterior configuration of the aggregating means may be of any shape or type, such as, for example, a triangle, a polygon, a circle, a slit, or the like.
  • the radius of the opening of the aggregating means can be selectively determined. the radius usually being in the range of 1.5 l0 mm and preferably in the range of 2.0 8
  • a plurality of aggregating means may be provided in series and arranged parallel to one another such that they cross the air stream at various positions along the exhaust gas passage. Such means may be selectively arranged depending upon the amount of gas to be treated, the character of the exhaust gas, and the like.
  • FIGS. 4-12 several embodiments of the aggregating means which may be employed in the present invention are disclosed, such as, for example, a wire cloth, an array of vertical bar members, a porous plate, a lattice containing a plurality of X- configured portions, a shutter arrangement, a triplethickness array of vertical bars, a box-shaped lattice, a box-shaped lattice containing wire cloth, and a triplethickness array of wire cloth, respectively.
  • Metal wire of the net-type configuration is preferred in view of the cost and maintenance.
  • the aggregating means may be stationary relative to flow duct 1, or in the alternative, may be continuously or intermittently vibrated by an electrical or mechani cal system.
  • the particular aggregating means employed depends upon the physical properties of the particles within the exhaust gas.
  • the flow rate of the exhaust gas passing through the aggregating means is preferred to be within the range of 0.5 8 m/sec.
  • the aggregating means When fine particles, such as, for example, particles having a diameter less than l u, are passed through the aggregating means, they are caused to come into contact with each other, or to at least pass within a close range of each other.
  • an electrostatic field is formed between the aggregating means and the charged electrodes. Accordingly, the particles passing through the aggregating means are electrostatically aggregated so as to form coarse particles more than several microns in diameter.
  • the function of the aggregating means, relative to the charged electrodes is different from that of the dust collecting electrode relative to the charged electrode, and is characterized in aggregating particles by providing electrostatic field.
  • the charged electrode within the aggregating zone may be either stationary or movable.
  • the movable charged electrode is preferred as shown in the FIG. 1.
  • a plurality of guide members not shown may be provided.
  • the voltage difference existing between the charged and dust collecting electrodes is at least 150 KV. Such difference can be determined according to the various operating conditions, such as, for example, the distance between the electrode and the dust collecting electrode. It is especially preferred that the charged electrode be negative while the grounded electrode be positive.
  • FIG. 13 yet another embodiment of the present invention is disclosed, wherein exhaust gas, containing fine particles, issuing from a rotary kiln, combustion furnace, electric furnace or the like, and such not being shown in the drawings, is passed through a flow passage or duct 21.
  • the charged electrodes 22 and 22' which are aligned with the longitudinal axis of the duct 21, are supported at both ends by vertical support members 24 and 24', which are in turn mounted upon insulators 23 and 23' which are suspended from the top of duct 21.
  • An aggregating means can be provided in the duct similar to the embodiments discussed above.
  • the charged electrodes 22 and 22' are connected to a high voltage D.C.
  • net-type dust collecting electrodes 25 and 25' made of various materials, such as for example, metal wire, are spaced from an inner wall of the exhaust gas passage 21 and are maintained at earth potential.
  • the net-type electrodes 25 and 25 have a length corresponding to that of charged electrodes 22 and 22' and are fixed at their upper edges to suspending members 26 and 26' upon the upper inner wall of duct 21, and are connected at their outer edges to vibrating means located exteriorly of passage 21. Accordingly, particles deposited upon the dust collecting electrodes fall, due to vibration of the vibrating means, which are vibrated periodically.
  • the dust collecting electrodes 25 and 25 are shown as being provided on either side, as well as the bottom, of the passage 21, the dust collecting electrodes can also be provided so as to completely surround the charged electrodes.
  • the dust deposited upon the dust collecting electrode which falls by its own weight increases the coefficient of deposition.
  • the mechanism imparting vibration to the dust collecting electrode can be mechanical, such as for example, knocking the wall by hand, or some automatic electrical mechanism which will vibrate the wall of the dust collecting electrode.
  • the removal of the dust which has fallen from the wall or the dust collecting electrode can be accomplished by hand, although it is preferable to use a conveyor belt provided under the dust collecting electrode so as to transfer the dust which has fallen upon the conveyor belt to a location exterior of the dust collector.
  • the slurry which is deposited can be caused to flow downstream by using an inclined bed.
  • a conveyor 27 is provided for discharging the dust particles which have fallen outside of the passage 21.
  • the inner wall of the passage 21 has a bottom portion which is narrowed so as to form a channel. Accordingly, the particles which have fallen are conducted to conveyor 27 which moves along under the central part of passage 21.
  • the conveyor 27 is driven by a motor 28 and a power transmitting means 29 which are exteriorly of the passage 21. The particles are subsequently discharged through a downward opending provided at a reversing roller 30.
  • FIG. 14 there is shown another embodiment of the apparatus for removing the fallen dust particles wherein a receiving member 31, of a tray-type configuration and having a width corresponding to that of the bottom portion of the exhaust gas passage 21 is slidably inserted within the bottom portion of passage 21 and extending the length of the passage 21 such being subsequently withdrawn manually for removal of the fallen particles.
  • FIG. 15 there is shown a further embodiment of the apparatus constructed according to this invention, wherein an exhaust gas passage 21 is divided into several parts by electroconductive partitions 32, 33, 34 and 35 within which are housed electrodes 7 36, 37, 38 and 39, and dust electrodes 40, 41, 42 and 43.
  • the metal wire utilized in forming the dust collecting electrodes may have a mesh of 3 20 mm square, but more preferably has a mesh of mm square.
  • such may take any of the various configurations as are employed in the aggregating means, such as for example, those disclosed in FIGS. 4-12.
  • Aggregating means comprised metal wire having a mesh of 3 mm square e. Distance between the aggregating means and the charged electrodes 2 m Voltage of minus 200 KW was applied to the charged electrode.
  • Exhaust gas containing fine particles exhausted from a rotary kiln for manufacturing cement clinker was supplied to the dust collecting zone at the rate of 10,000 Nm' lhour and at a temperature of 200C 300C when exhausted. The average flow rate within the dust collecting zone was l.3 m/sec., while the average flow rate within the aggregating zone was larger than that within the dust collecting zone.
  • the rate of mist injection from the spray means was 0.8 litter/min. Without providing both the aggregating means and the spray means, fine particles could not be collected. whereas by providing both means, fine particles of high specific resistance value and of a particle diameter less than 1 p. could be collected.
  • the charged electrode of the present apparatus can be an electroconductive plate or a needle having a sharp edge instead of metal wire.
  • the distance between the charged electrode and the dust collecting electrode can be selected depending upon the high voltage generator, the kind of exhaust gas, and the velocity of the exhaust gas being treated.
  • the dust collecting electrode can be the inner wall of the dust collecting zone itself, it is preferable to use a net-type dust collecting electrode which is spaced from the wall of the dust collecting zone.
  • the net-type dust collecting electrode can be ofa slit shape and comprise a plate having many holes punched out, it is especially preferable that it be a wire net, when factors, such as, for example, cost, workability of the dust collecting electrode, and removability of the fine particles from the dust collecting electrode, are considered.
  • the mesh of the electrode should be large enough so that the mesh does not become choked with the deposited dust, such as, for example, within the range of about 1 6 cm.
  • the wall itself becomes an auxiliary dust collecting electrode so that the electrostatic balance between the net-type dust collecting electrode and the wall electrode is upset.
  • the mesh becomes choked with the deposited dust so that the function of the wall as the auxiliary electrode is inhibited.
  • the synergical effect of the net-type dust collecting electrode and the wall electrode is quite remarkable.
  • the distance between the net-type dust collecting electrode and the wall is such so as not to bridge the deposited dust between them, such as, for example, the distance being in the range of about 3 20 cm, and being preferably 5 15 cm.
  • the amount of the deposited dust upon the wall is controlled by removing it from the wall by various means, such as, for example, by vibrating the wall, whereby the synergical effect of the net-type electrode and the wall electrode is maintained.
  • the distance between the net-type electrode and the wall electrode is such so as to prevent the bridging of the deposited dust, and electrostatic field can be retained between the charged electrode and the wall electrode, even though the dust deposited upon the net-type electrode provides an insulation property. Accordingly, the coefficient of deposition of fine particles does not decrease too much. Also, when the wall is made of electroconductive material, the decrease in the coefficient of deposition of fine particles can be prevented by the electrostatic field existing between the charged electrode and the wall electrode even though dust is deposited upon the net-type electrode.
  • An electrostatic dust collector for treating exhaust gas containing fine dust particles comprising:
  • At least one charged electrode wire connected to a high-voltage D.C. generator
  • said passage means including a dust collecting electrode maintained at earth potential and facing said at least one charged electrode wire so as to form an electrostatic field and dust collecting zone therewith;
  • particle aggregating electrode means forming an electrostatic field with the changed electrode transversely arranged within said exhaust gas passage and positioned far enough upstream of said charged electrode that the electrostatic intensity between said at least one charged electrode wire and said dust collecting electrode is greater than the electrostatic intensity between said at least one charged electrode wire and said particle aggregating means;
  • a humidifying means including a liquid supply, means for spraying said liquid in the form of a mist through a plurality of nozzles connected to said supply and means for controlling the quantity of mist being sprayed connected to the nozzles, said nozzles being disposed upstream of said particle aggregating means in said passage means for humidifying the surfaces of said fine dust particles of said exhaust gas before said exhaust gas passes through said aggregating means.
  • electrostatic dust collector as set forth in claim 3, wherein said electrostatic dust collector further comprises means for causing dust deposited upon said nettype dust collecting electrode to fall therefrom; and means for transferring said fallen dust out of said dust collecting zone.

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US292974A 1972-01-14 1972-09-28 Electrostatic dust collector for exhaust gases containing fine particles Expired - Lifetime US3891415A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP650072A JPS4876160A (nl) 1972-01-14 1972-01-14
JP1416072A JPS4883463A (nl) 1972-02-08 1972-02-08

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US (1) US3891415A (nl)
BE (1) BE790375A (nl)
DE (1) DE2254452C2 (nl)
FR (1) FR2167504B1 (nl)
GB (1) GB1364029A (nl)
IT (1) IT969801B (nl)
NL (1) NL182541C (nl)

Cited By (7)

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US4317661A (en) * 1977-03-16 1982-03-02 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Electronic air cleaner
US5648046A (en) * 1992-04-28 1997-07-15 Desostar Holland Bvio Method and a system for disinfecting air in air conditioning ducts
CN103143440A (zh) * 2013-03-15 2013-06-12 杭州天明环保工程有限公司 一种粉尘凝并粒子串过程的控制方法和装置
US20140090562A1 (en) * 2012-03-13 2014-04-03 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Humidifier
CN105268553A (zh) * 2014-06-26 2016-01-27 Lg电子株式会社 静电集尘装置及空气调节器
US20180078950A1 (en) * 2016-09-20 2018-03-22 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Dust collector and air conditioner
CN113474541A (zh) * 2018-10-22 2021-10-01 上海必修福企业管理有限公司 发动机尾气处理系统和方法

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AU4621379A (en) * 1978-09-15 1980-03-20 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. Enhancing removal of fly ash by electrostatic precipitators using agglomeration technique

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Cited By (12)

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US4317661A (en) * 1977-03-16 1982-03-02 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Electronic air cleaner
US5648046A (en) * 1992-04-28 1997-07-15 Desostar Holland Bvio Method and a system for disinfecting air in air conditioning ducts
US20140090562A1 (en) * 2012-03-13 2014-04-03 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Humidifier
US9625167B2 (en) * 2012-03-13 2017-04-18 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Humidifier
CN103143440A (zh) * 2013-03-15 2013-06-12 杭州天明环保工程有限公司 一种粉尘凝并粒子串过程的控制方法和装置
CN103143440B (zh) * 2013-03-15 2015-08-19 杭州天明环保工程有限公司 一种粉尘凝并粒子串过程的控制方法和装置
CN105268553A (zh) * 2014-06-26 2016-01-27 Lg电子株式会社 静电集尘装置及空气调节器
US9791158B2 (en) 2014-06-26 2017-10-17 Lg Electronics Inc. Electric dust collecting device and air conditioner having the same
US20180078950A1 (en) * 2016-09-20 2018-03-22 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Dust collector and air conditioner
US10518270B2 (en) * 2016-09-20 2019-12-31 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Dust collector and air conditioner
CN113474541A (zh) * 2018-10-22 2021-10-01 上海必修福企业管理有限公司 发动机尾气处理系统和方法
CN113474541B (zh) * 2018-10-22 2023-08-15 上海必修福企业管理有限公司 发动机尾气处理系统和方法

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DE2254452C2 (de) 1983-09-22
GB1364029A (en) 1974-08-21
NL182541B (nl) 1987-11-02
BE790375A (fr) 1973-04-20
FR2167504A1 (nl) 1973-08-24
IT969801B (it) 1974-04-10
NL182541C (nl) 1988-04-05
FR2167504B1 (nl) 1977-08-26
DE2254452A1 (de) 1973-07-19
NL7214980A (nl) 1973-07-17

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