US389080A

US389080A - Electro-magnetic bell

Info

Publication number: US389080A
Authority: US
Publication date: 1888-09-04
Anticipated expiration: 1905-09-04

Description

.Attpr/zey (No Model.) 3 Sheets-Sheet 1.

W HUMANS ELECTED MAGNETIG BELL.

No. 889.080. Patented Sept. 4, 1888.

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3 Sheets-Sheet 2.

(No Model.)

W HUMANS ELEOTRO MAGNETIC BELL.

No. 389,089.\ Patented Sept. 4, 1888.

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W. HUMANS. ELECTROMAGNETIC BELL. No. 389,080. Patented Sept. 4, 1888.

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UNITED STATES PATENT ILL-1AM HUMANS, OF CAMBRIDGE, MASSACHUSETTS, ASSIGNOR TO THE AMERICAN MAGNETIC ELECTRIC COMPANY, OF JERSEY CITY, NEW

JERSEY.

ELECTRO-MAGNETIC BELL.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 389.080, datedseptember 1888.

Application filed July 23, 1885.

To aZZ whom, it may concern:

Be it known that I, \VILLIAM HUMANS, of Cambridge, in the county of Middlesex and State of Massachusetts, have invented a new Elective-Magnetic Bell, of which the following is a specification, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, making a part hereof, in which- Figure l is a plan of one of my bells. Fig.

I3 2 is a section on line a: a: of Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is the same as Fig. 1, but on a smaller scale to show the box or case. Fig. 4 shows the case on a metal stand, the bell-posts being adjustable on the stand. Figs. and 6 show (in plan and section) one of my instruments with but one hell instead of two. Fig. '7 is a diagram for illustration. Fig. 8 is a modification. Figs. 9, 10, 11, and 12 are details explained below.

My invention relates to the combination of a magnet and an armature of the well-known Siemens type, and an arm which is attached to or moves with the armature. This arm may carry a hellhammer or may be connected to a lever-rod or the like. In the drawings and in this description I show my new combination as used to sound a hell; but it will be clear that the main feature of my invention is not restricted in this way.

In the drawings, A A represent the poles of a magnet, B, which for use in a bell is preferably a permanent magnet.

C is an armature of the Siemens pattern, and b b are pole-pieces, preferably of softiron, fast to the poles A A, and shaped to correspond with the armature in the usual way. The armature C is supported on an axis, as will be clear from the drawings without further description, these parts being all well known to all skilled in this art.

My invention consists, mainly, in combining with these elements an arm (marked F) which projects from the armature C or from its axis, and which is shown in the drawings 5 as a helLhammer, this arm being reciprocated as reverse currents are sent through the coil of the armature.

My invention further consists in the combi- Serial No. 172,431. (No model.)

nation of two magnets and two armatures each with a coil around it, these two coils being in one circuit, one of the armatures adapted to be rotated on its axis, and the other to be oscillated on its axis by the current generated from the first. This combination is illustrated by the diagram, Fig. 7, where It representsa magneto of the Siemens type, and R represents my new instrument arranged as an electromagnetic hell. \Vith such an instrument the revolution of the armature of R will give a rapid vibration to the arm F of the arma- 6o ture of It suflicient to give a sound fully equal to that of any electric bell known to me.

It will be seen that the distinguishing char acteristic of both these features of my invention is the arm F, in combination with the oscillating armature and its magnet, one advantage being the utilization of very feeble cur rents, another being the ready increase of power (to overcome resistance of the line) by simply adding magnets, and a third being the great simplicity, cheapness, and durability. All other magneto-bells known to me require very accurate adjustment and are wholly in operative with such currents as I use, unless the quantity of wire used beconsiderably more than is necessary in my instrument, the increased quantity of wire increasing the cost and also the resistance. I am, in fact, the first, so far as I know or believe, to arrange an armature whose pole-surfaces are segments of a cylinder, so that these segments stand normally with their angles, and that part of the coil between them next the poles of the magnet, and to move such an armature on its geometrical aXis from its normal position by po- 8 5 larizing it by the passage of a current through its coil.

I connect the coil on the armature with the line-wire by means of a light hair-spring between the line-wire and the end of the armatare-coil, substantially as shown in Figs. 5 and 10. In Fig. 5 the inner end of the covered wire which forms the coil of the armature is bared and wound tight upon the crosspiece or core of the armature, so as to make a good 5 contact, while the out-er end of the coil (shown on the left of Fig. 5) is passed through a small hole in an insulating-sleeve, t, on the arbor of the armature and forms a coil, to, around that sleeve, the coil being slightly unwound or relaxed when the armature moves in one direction and made slightly tense when the arniature moves in the other direction. The outer end of the coil is connected with a bindingpost, K, or the like. This wire to, for convenience, is firmly clamped at K, and a stouter wire leads from k to K, care being taken to make good contact between the st-outer wire and the wire w. The wire to must be considerably longer than the distance between the clamp K and the point where it joins the coil; and while it is preferably in the form of a coil, as shown, it may of course be in the form of an ox-bow or any like form which will permit the armature to move freely on its axis, the main purpose being to obtain a far better con nection than is possible when the armaturecoil is connected to wire by a bearing-spring, as is the ordinary way, and as shown in Fig. 7, for in connections of this class the spring must bear upon the shaft or upon the metallic sleeve insulated from the shaft with such force as to create considerable friction, and this is wholly avoided by this construction, while the current is nowhere compelled to pass between two surfaces which are constantly rubbing together. It will be clear that the other end of the armature coil may be connected to line in the same way; but I prefer-to connect the inner end of the wire to to the shaft, for as the shaft is connected by a brass plate to the armature and as the inner end of the coil is in contact with the core of the armature, as already described, it will be plain that the shaft is in substance, for all purposes of passing the current, the inner end of the coil.

I prefer that the wires 10 10' shall be in the form of a coil, as shown in Fig. 5, or helix, as in Fig. 10, and that they be reversely curved, so that one shall balance the other accurately.

In Figs. 9 and 10 the wires 10 w are hairsprings, and w is fast at its inner end to a metal sleeve, 2., insulated fromthe shaft of the armature, while 10 is fast at its inner end to the shaft of the armature, as shown in detail in Figs. 9 and 10.

WVhere two bells are used,as in all the figures except Figs, 5 and 6, each bell acts as a stop to limit the movement of the arm F, and the bells are therefore preferably made adjustable by mounting the post g on an adjustable base, as clearly shown in Figs. 4,11, and 12. The bellpost q is mounted on a lever, 12, the position of this lever being readily adjusted by means of the slot 19 and a binding-screw, as clearly shown in Fig. 4 and Fig. 11, which is a section on line 1 2 of Fig. 4; or a base with the post q fast to it (see Fig. 12) may be held to the bedpiece by two screw-bolts which pass through a slot in the bed-piece.

To give greater firmness to the bell-post, I form a slot, 0, in the bed-piece, as shown in Figs. 4 and 11, and use a second screw,-by

which the lever 19 and post 1 are firmly clamped to the bed-pieee.

The bell may be used as a stop for the arm F, as distinguished from using a stop to limit the motion of the armature and a spring-wire for the arm, as in common electro magnetic bellsthat is to say, in all other bells known to me the blow of the hammer on the bell takes place after the motion of the armature is stopped, the momentum of the knob slightly bending the arm in order that the knob may strike the bell, the adjustment being so nicely made that the knob would never strike the hell were the arm carrying the knob abso lutely rigid, the operation being to arrest the armature or its arm. just before the knob on the arm would strike the bell, and so that the momentum of that knob springs the arm, thereby giving a short sharp blow, and the spring of the arm being an essential element, for as the knob moves forward against the spring of the arm to strike, it is consequently pulled back by the spring of the arm to prevent damping the sound of the bell. This is one of the nicest adjustments required in the practical manufacture of allsuch bells known to me, requiring skilled labor and great care, adding much to the expense of construction, and being especially liable to get out of order. By limiting the stroke of the armature by the contact of the knob with the bell I do away with all this niccty of adjustment and also greatly increase the effective force of the blow, and yet retract the knob quickly enough to prevent damping the sound, for the armature in my device is always in a strong magnetic field, and the action of the current on that field is quite as rapid as is the spring action of the arm in the ordinary bell. \Vhen but a single bell is used, as in Figs. 5 and 6, I use a spring, m, arranged in the path of the arm F, and which is deflected when the arm is moved away from the bell, and which consequently adds additional force to the blow of the knob carried by arm F on the bell. This is fully shown in Figs. 5 and 6, where m is the spring and m is its adjustable base.

The poles g of the armature (shown in Figs. 1, 2, 3, and 8) will be prevented from coming in contact with the pole-pieces b by the knob.

of arm F striking the bells; but when for any reason the bells are not in place and there is no equivalent stop these poles 9 should have brass-wire stops 25, inserted in the usual way,

in order to prevent adhesion to the poles b of the magnet.

In practice it is well to use a counter-weight, m, especially when the arm f is horizontal and the axis of the armature is also horizontal.

When set up for use, the line is connected by one binding-screw, K, and this binding screw is connected to the clamp K, which is insulated from the magnet. This clamp Kis in electric connection with the wire 10, which is insulated from the shaft of the armature, but in electric connection with one end of the coil of the armature. The other end of the armaturecoil is connected to wire 20, which is held by clamp K and clamp K is electrically connected to binding-post K In Figs. 5, 6, and 8 I show two magnets with like pole to like pole, but forming a parallelogram, while in the other figures the mag nets are compounded in the usual way, one being laid directly on the other.

In Fig. 8 the polepieces form part of the frame by which the armature and its shaft are supported.

In all the figures except Fig. 8 I show the magnets in a case; but in Figs. 5 and 6, and also in Fig. 8, I show imperfectly a valuable novelty of construction-to wit, making the magnets themselves so as to form the case. This forms the subject-matter of another application, Serial No. 172,432.

I am aware of the patent to lVeston, No. 301,028, dated June 24, 1884, and disclaim all that is shown in that patent, for it will be seen that the armature described in that patent is radically unlike that used by me, in that it has a series of coils connected in a wellknown way to the segments of the commutator, while my armature has asingle coil forming a portion of the circuit.

I am also aware of the magneto inductionlcey described in Prescotts Electricity and the Electric Telegraph, page 503, and disclaim all therein shown.

I am also aware of patents to Gary, Nos. 240,692 and 240698, dated April 26, 1881, also No. 250,012, dated November 22, 1881; but in these patents the armature with its coil is made fast to a rod, which rod is mounted on an axis, so that the armature does not move at all upon its own axis, but moves bodily with the rod towai d and from the poles of the magnet.

I am also aware of the patent to \Vatson, No. 233,899, dated November 2, 1880, in which a polarized armature is shown polarized by means of a permanentmagnet; but its poles are not cylindrical, nor does it carry a coil, nor is it in any respect like the armature of my instrument, except in its function of cansing the bell-hammer to strike the bell. My

instrument differs from all other signals and call-bells with polarized armaturcs, not only in that it is more compact and simple, (con sisting of only three elements combined with the bell and its hammer or other signal--viz.,

the permanent magnet, polarized armature, and its coilinstead of fou r, as in Watson-via, the polarized armature, the permanent magnet, the coil, and the core of the electro-magnet-,) but also in that the magnetic attraction and repulsion is exerted to vastly more advantage upon my cylindrical armature placed between the poles of the permanent magnet than it can be upon an armature which extends across the poles, as in the ordinary callbells, and also in theinstrument shown in the Gary patents. This is indeed the main difference between my instrument and all others, and upon this difference depends the very great advantages of my instrument over all signaling instruments known to me.

\Vhat I claim as my invention is- 1. In combination, the armature having the surface of its poles cylindrical, its coil between its cylindrical pole-surfaces, its shaft coincident with the geometrical axis of the cylindrical surfaces of the armature, an arm fast in relation to the armature, a permanent magnet, and a circuit of which the arn'iatnre-coil forms a part, the armature standing normally with the angles of its segmental pole-pieces and that part of the coil between them next the poles of the magnet and moving to one or the other side of its normal position, according to the direction of the current through its coil, all substantially as described.

2. The electro magnetic bell above described, consisting of the permanent magnet, the armature with its pole-surfaces cylindrical, its shaft coincident with the geometrical axis of the cylindrical surfaces of the armature, its coil between its poles, the arm F, and the bell, combined together substantially as shown.

3. The eleetro magnetic bell above described, consisting of the permanent magnet, the armature with its pole-surfaces cylindrical, its shaft coincident with the geometrical axis of the cylindrical surfaces of the armature, its coil between its poles, the arm F and two bells, combined together substantially as shown.

WILLIAM HUMANS.

Vi tncsses:

J. E. DIAYNADIER, JOHN R. Snow.