US3890229A - Process and apparatus for classifying granular material suspended in a liquid - Google Patents

Process and apparatus for classifying granular material suspended in a liquid Download PDF

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Publication number
US3890229A
US3890229A US393336A US39333673A US3890229A US 3890229 A US3890229 A US 3890229A US 393336 A US393336 A US 393336A US 39333673 A US39333673 A US 39333673A US 3890229 A US3890229 A US 3890229A
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liquid cyclone
liquid
discharge
particles
sump
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Theodor Eder
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Waagner Biro AG
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Waagner Biro AG
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03B—SEPARATING SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS
    • B03B7/00—Combinations of wet processes or apparatus with other processes or apparatus, e.g. for dressing ores or garbage

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  • ABSTRACT A method and apparatus according to which slurries Foreign Application Pnomy Data are treated so as to achieve therefrom a final fraction Sepl- Ausm 768V in which particles smaller than a given size are sus pended in a given concentration.
  • the slurry is treated (52] US. Cl. 210/73; 210/84; 210/128; in a first liquid cyclone having an upper overflow 210/512 R charge and a lower discharge for substantially dewa- 3" Cl Bold 37/04 tered matter.
  • the upper overflow discharge is deliv [58 ⁇ F'eld of Search 55/52 204; 209/3 ered from the first liquid cyclone to a second liquid 209/13 Uzi 496; cyclone which has an upper overflow discharge pro- 210/731 3! L 512 viding the desired final fraction
  • At least part of the 129; 241/201 24 dewatered matter discharged from the first liquid cyclone is delivered to a gravity separator to which liql56l References cued uid is supplied at a rate which controls the concentra- UNITED STATES PATENTS tion of the particles in the final fraction.
  • the present invention relates to methods and apparatus capable of achieving from a given slurry a final fraction in which particles smaller than a given size are suspended in a given concentration.
  • Liquid cyclones are capable of treating relatively thick slurries having, for example, particles in a concentration of 60 percent by weight with a specific gravity of 3 grams per cubic centimeter.
  • the lower discharge is carried away while the upper overflow is then separated a second time in a second liquid cyclone stage to provide at the second stage an overflow discharge having suspended therein relatively small particles which are substantially free of particles larger than the desired size with the small particles being in a concentrated condition in the final fraction, while the second stage has a lower discharge which contains considerably more liquid than the lower discharge of the first stage.
  • This lower discharge from the second stage is separated in a single or multistage gravity separator into a larger-particle fraction and a small-particle fraction, the large-particle fraction being carried away and the small-particle fraction being returned to the first liquid cyclone stage.
  • This type of combined processing is considerably superior to a classifying in a pair of sequential liquid cyclone stages with respect to achievement only of particles smaller than a given size and with respect to gravity separation in achievement ofa final fraction having the desired concentration of the particles of relatively small size.
  • the slurry which is to be treated is fed to a first centrifugal separation stage which has at least one liquid cyclone means provided with an upper overflow discharge and a lower discharge for substantially dewatered matter.
  • This upper overflow discharge is de livered to a second centrifugal separation stage having at least one liquid cyclone means which has an upper overflow discharge providing the final fraction which has suspended therein a desired concentration of particles smaller than a given size.
  • the lower discharge of substantially dewatered matter from the liquid cyclone means of the first centrifugal separation stage is delivered to a gravity separation means which has an over flow which is returned to the liquid cyclone means of the first centrifugal stage.
  • liquid is supplied to the gravity separation means at a rate which controls the concentration of the particles in the final fraction.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of one possible method and apparatus according to the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of another possible method and apparatus of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration of a further possible method and apparatus according to the present inventlon.
  • FIG. 1 A relatively simple embodiment of the method and apparatus of the invention is illustrated in FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 1 there are a pair of sequentially connected liquid cyclone means and each of which forms at least one liquid cyclone means of a centrifugal separation stage.
  • a single liquid cyclone means 10 and a single liquid cyclone means 20 is schematically illustrated.
  • the first stage is provided with a pump means 12 capable of handling a relatively thick slurry and a second stage is provided with a pump means 22 capable of handling a relatively thick slurry.
  • the pump means 12 delivers the slurry which is to be treated along the conduit E to the first liquid cyclone means 10 while the pump means 22 delivers to the liquid cyclone means 20 the slurry to be treated therein.
  • the pump means 12 receives the slurry to be treated from a sump means 11 while the pump means 22 receives its slurry from the sump means 21.
  • the inlet to the sump means 21 is connected to the outlet from the liquid cyclone means 10.
  • the liquid cyclone means 10 has an upper overflow discharge conduit 13 which delivers the upper overflow fine fraction discharge from the liquid cyclone means 10 to the sump means 21.
  • the second stage liquid cyclone means 20 has an upper overflow fine fraction discharge conduit 23 which provides the desired fine fraction F in which particles smaller than a given size are suspended in a desired concentration.
  • the overflow conduit 23 may have a branch conduit 24 extending therefrom and the overflow conduit 13 may have a branch conduit 14 extending therefrom.
  • These branch conduits 24 and 14 communicate not only with the conduits 23 and 13, respectively, but also with the sump means from which the slurry is fed to the particular stage.
  • the branch conduit 24 leads to the sump means 21 while the branch conduit 14 leads to the sump means II.
  • the branch conduits l4 and 24 respectively carry adjustable valves 15 and 25.
  • the pair of sump means 1] and 21 are respectively provided with floats I6 and 26 operatively connected with the valve means 15 and 25 so as to regulate the latter, and in this way the level of the slurries in the pair of sump means 11 and 21 is automatically maintained at a desired elevation.
  • the lower dewatered coarse fraction discharge of the liquid Cyclone means 10 of the first stage is delivered to a discharge conduit means 17 which feeds the dewatered matter discharged from the lower end of the liquid cyclone means 10 to a gravity separation means 30.
  • the lower discharge for substantially dewatered coarse fraction from the liquid cyclone means 20 of the second stage is delivered to a discharge conduit means 27 which delivers the dewatered coarse fraction from the liquid cyclone means 20 back to the sump means 11 so that the lower discharge of the liquid cy clone means 20 is recirculated through the liquid cyclone means 10 of the first stage.
  • an adjustable distributor means 18 which communicates with an additional conduit means 19 so that a desired fraction of the dewatered coarse fraction discharged from the lower end of the liquid cyclone means 10 can be delivered to the additional conduit means 19 while the major portion of the dewatered coarse fraction discharged from the lower end of the liquid cyclone means 10 will be delivered to the gravity separation means 30.
  • the discharge conduit means 27 may be provided with an adjustable distributor means 28 which will deliver a desired fraction of the lower discharge of the liquid cyclone means 20 to an additional conduit means 29 enabling a part of the lower discharge of the cyclone means 20 to be delivered as shown at U2 to the gravity separation means 30, while the major part U2 of the lower discharge of cyclone means 20 is delivered by conduit means 27 back to the sump means 11.
  • the greater part U] of the lower discharge of the cyclone means 10 is delivered to the gravity separator 30 while a fractional part U1 is carried away with the conduit means 19.
  • An adjustable liquid supply means 31 communicates with a gravity separation means 30 for delivering fresh liquid thereto at a select rate.
  • the arrow 31 designates a supply pipe for fresh water, for example, this pipe having a valve enabling the rate of supply to be regulated.
  • This fresh liquid is delivered to the gravity separation means 30 at the same side thereof where there is a discharge C for particles larger than a given size which are separated from the slurry in the gravity separation means 30, these particles larger than the desired size being discharged through the discharge conduit 32.
  • this gravity separation means has an overflow discharge conduit 33 returning to the sump means 11 as shown at O a slurry from which particles larger than a given size have been separated and discharged through the conduit 32.
  • Raw slurry R is delivered to the first stage sump means II by way of a feedpipe I.
  • the above-described apparatus of FIG. 1. operates in the following manner:
  • the slurry E is delivered from the sump means 11 to the liquid cyclone means of the first stage.
  • This stage is regulated so as to provide a lower discharge U] of substantially dewatered matter.
  • the upper overflow discharge 01 which still has particles of relatively large size therein is delivered to the sump means 21 and is drawn from the latter by the pump means 22 so as to be delivered to the liquid cyclone means 20 of the second stage whose upper discharge outlet conduit means 23 provides the desired fme fraction F which contains a predetermined concentration of particles practically none of which are greater than a given size.
  • the second stage is adjusted in such a way that the overflow discharge 23 provides a final fraction F which is substantially free of any particles larger than a given size.
  • the lower discharge outlet 27 has somewhat dewatered coarse fraction U2 which is richer in liquid than the dewatered discharge outlet of the first stage and which still has some of the particles of smaller size therein.
  • the lower discharge outlet U2 of the second stage is returned to the sump means 11 while the lower discharge outlet U1 of the first stage is delivered to the gravity separation means 30 so that the particles of relatively small size in the discharged matter U] will flow out of the gravity separation means 30 with the overflow discharge 0 thereof which is delivered by the conduit 33 back to the sump means 11.
  • the liquid content of the entire process and apparatus is determined on the one hand by the liquid content of the raw slurry R and the amount of fresh liquid W supplied by the liquid supply means 31, and on the other hand by the liquid content of the lower discharge matter U1 as well as the liquid content of the fraction C which is discharged from the gravity separation means 30 and which contains the particles larger than the desired size which are discharged through the out let 32.
  • these particles larger than a given size discharged at the outlet 32 as well as, if desired. part of the matter Ul delivered by the distributor 18 to the conduit 19 are simply carried away from the apparatus forming the matter G which is no longer used in the method and apparatus.
  • the concentration of particles smaller than the desired size contained in the final fraction F is regulated by way of the liquid supply means 31 delivered to the gravity separation means 30 so that the concentration of particles can be maintained correspondingly low at the gravity separation means.
  • the slurry E delivered from the sump means H to the liquid cyclone means 10 by way of the pump means 12 contains the entire particle content of the raw slurry R.
  • the addition or blending of the overflow discharge 0 from the gravity separation means 30 which is rich in liquid, with the raw slurry R assures a desirable liquid content in the supply slurry E.
  • the conditions under which the gravity separation means 30 operates may indicate that it is advisable to provide the latter with the capability of regulating the flow of liquid.
  • the best type of operation of the method and apparatus of the invention is provided when the entire lower discharge U1 of the first stage is delivered to the gravity separation means 30.
  • Thinning of the slurry with additional fresh liquid may result in the addition of more liquid than should be supplied for achieving a desired minimum concentration of particles smaller than a given size in the final fraction F. It is advisable, therefore.
  • FIG. 2 The method and apparatus of the invention which is schematically illustrated in FIG. 2 is similar to that of FIG. 1. The difference is that this method and apparatus of FIG. 2 includes a wet-grinding apparatus 2 which provides a wet-ground product M to be delivered by way of the discharge means 3 of the wet-grinding means 2 to the sump means 11 of the first stage.
  • a wet-grinding apparatus and process is incorporated into the method and apparatus of the invention.
  • This wet-grinding means 2 which may take the form of a ball mill, is thus situated in advance of the liquid cyclone means 10 of the first stage.
  • the raw slurry R is delivered in this case by way of a conduit means 1 to the inlet of the wetgrinding means 2.
  • this conduit means 19 also delivers part of the lower discharge of the liquid cyclone means 10 to the inlet of the wet-grinding means 2.
  • the particles larger than the desired size which are separated from the raw slurry R are ground in the wet-grinding means 2 and returned to the sump means ll so that there is a closed circuit along which the separated relatively large particles travel with only liquid and particles smaller than a given size in the final fraction F being separated from the closed circuit.
  • the wet-ground product which is the output of the wet-grinding means 2 is delivered to a vibrational sedimentation settling means 40 having a series of screens or cones 41 which serve to transport the settled sedimentation product, these screens 41 vibrating along an elliptical path, for example.
  • the settled sedimentation product S is returned by way of the conduit 42 into the wet-grinding means 2.
  • the vibrational movements of the screens at the sedimentation settling means serve not only to transport the settled product but also serve to set the liquid in the sedimentation means 40 into motion, this vibratory movement of the liquid particles in the sedimentation means 40 also serving to separate the relatively large particles from the smaller desired particles.
  • the inlet of the sedimentation means 40 receives not only the overflow discharge M from the wetgrinding means 2, by way of the conduit 3, but also the discharge conduit means 27 serves in this case to deliver the lower discharge matter from the liquid cyclone means 20 of the second stage to the inlet of the sedimentation settling means 40, and in addition the overflow discharge 33 from the gravity separation means 30 is delivered to the inlet of the sedimentation settling means 40, so that the thickness of the slurry which is treated in the sedimentation settling means 40 is of a sufficiently low order.
  • the product which overflows out of the sedimentation settling means 40 forms a supply fraction which is delivered to the sump means 11 as illustrated in FIG. 3.
  • the table illustrates the distribution of the granular materials of various size ranges in percent by weight.
  • column I the data is illustrated for a method and apparatus utilizing a single liquid cyclone.
  • Column ll illustrates the performance with an installation according to Austrian Pat. No. 269,018, where only the matter discharged from the lower end of the secondstage liquid cyclone is fed to the gravity separation means which is in the form of a seven-stage horizontal gravity separator according to Austrian Pat. No. 253,436.
  • column [I] are the data achieved with the method and apparatus of the present invention as illustrated in FIG. 1, where two thirds of the dewatered matter issuing from the lower end of the first-stage liquid cyclone 10 was delivered to the gravity separation means 30.
  • the final fraction had a concentration of. particles of 3335 percent by weight.
  • Such inclusion of the extremely fine particles represents an undesired and unavoidable useless product of the grinding, which occurs during reduction in the size of a material such as ore, for example, and the transfer and inclusion of such fine particles with the coarse particles which are eliminated should be avoided to the greatest possible extent because these extremely fine particles are not extracted from the entire process and in particular load a mill such as the mill 2 which is included in the installation.
  • the reduction of the extent of inclusion of extremely fine particles in the yield of coarse particles from 12 percent by weight down to 7 percent by weight with the present invention represents a highly important and very significant advance since it becomes possible in this way to reduce the amount of material which is required to be processed in the mill by 10 percent so that the grinding mill itself can be of a smaller size.
  • the Austrian Pat. No. 253,436 shows a horizontally arranged multistage gravity separation unit which has a bucket wheel for removing the large particles which settle and at least one distributing bucket wheel for providing a repeated distribution of the settled material into the supplied fresh liquid which flows in countercurrent to the distributed material.
  • a horizontal gravity separation means of the latter type it is important not only to achieve a sufficiently sharp separation with respect to the size ranges of the granular material, but also it is important that the method and apparatus be capable of handling a considerable load of solid particles and not require more water than is necessary for adjusting the concentration of the particles in the final fraction.
  • a slurry-treating method for obtaining a final fraction in which particles smaller than a given size are suspended in a given concentration the steps of feeding the slurry which is to be treated initially to a first liquid cyclone having an upper overflow fine fraction discharge and a lower discharge for a substantially dewatered coarse fraction, then feeding the overflow fine fraction discharge from said first liquid cyclone to a second liquid cyclone having an upper overflow discharge for the final fraction and a lower discharge for a substantially dewatered coarse fraction, feeding the substantially dewatered coarse fraction from said first liquid cyclone to a gravity separator while maintaining at said gravity separator a load which is formed primarily by said coarse fraction from said first liquid cyclone and while supplying fresh liquid to the gravity separator at a rate which controls the concentration of the particles in the final fraction. discharging particles larger than said given size from said gravity separator. and returning from said gravity separtor to said first liquid cyclone a slurry from which particles larger than said given size has been separated.
  • first and second centrifugal separation stages each having at least one liquid cyclone means for providing an upper overflow fine fraction discharge and a lower discharge of a substantially dewatered coarse fraction, the upper overflow discharge of the liquid cyclone means of the second centrifugal stage providing the final fraction, first sump means for containing slurry to be treated, first pump means communicating with said first sump means and with the liquid cyclone means of said first centrifugal separation stage for feeding slurry from said first sump means to said liquid cyclone means of said first stage to be treated therein, second sump means for receiving the upper overflow fine fraction discharge from the liquid cyclone means of said first stage, second pump means communicating with said second sump means and with the liquid cyclone means of said second stage for feeding slurry from said second sump means to said liquid cyclone means of said second stage, gravity sepa ration means and first discharge conduit means
  • an adjustable distributor means is operatively connected with said second discharge conduit means for delivering a major part of the dewatered matter discharged from the liquid cyclone means of said second stage to said second discharge conduit means, and additional conduit means operatively connected with said adjustable distributor means for optionally directing a minor part ofthe lower discharge of the liquid cyclone means of said second stage to the gravity separation means as only a small part of the load thereof.
  • a branch conduit means communicates on the one hand with the upper overflow discharge of the liquid cyclone means of the first stage and on the other hand with said first sump means for delivering part of the upper overflow discharge of the liquid cyclone means of the first stage to said first sump means, adjustable valve means carried by said branch conduit means, and float means situated in said first sump means and operatively connected with said adjustable valve means for controlling the latter to maintain a given level of slurry in said first sump means.
  • a branch conduit means extends from the upper overflow discharge of the liquid cyclone means of the second stage to said second sump means for returning part of the final fraction to said second sump means, adjustable valve means carried by said branch conduit means, and float means situated in said second sump means and operatively connected with said adjustable valve means for controlling the latter to maintain a given level of slurry in said second sump means.
  • a wet grinding means has an outlet communicating with said first sump means for delivering a wet-ground product thereto, feed means communicating with said gravity separation means and an inlet of said wet grinding means for delivering to the latter the particles larger than said given size separated by said gravity separation means, adjustable distributor means operatively connected with said first discharge conduit means for delivering a major part of the dewatered coarse fraction discharged from the liquid cyclone means of said first stage to said first discharge conduit means, and additional conduit means communicating with said adjustable distributor means and with the inlet of said wet grinding means for delivering a minor part of the dewatered coarse fraction discharged from the liquid cyclone means of the first stage also to said wet grinding means.
  • said gravity separation means includes a plurality of horizontally arranged stages in which the particles flow in countercurrent to the liquid supply by the liquid supply means so as to be washed thereby, said gravity separation means including rotary bucket wheel for discharging the particles of larger size separated by the gravity separation means and at least one distributing bucket wheel for distributing the particles of larger size which settle in the gravity separation means in countercurrent to the liquid supplied by the liquid supply means.

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US393336A 1972-09-07 1973-08-31 Process and apparatus for classifying granular material suspended in a liquid Expired - Lifetime US3890229A (en)

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AT768172A AT324250B (de) 1972-09-07 1972-09-07 Verfahren und vorrichtung zum trennscharfen klassieren von in viskosen trüben suspendiertem korngut

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JP (1) JPS5633148B2 (US07923587-20110412-C00001.png)
AT (1) AT324250B (US07923587-20110412-C00001.png)
CA (1) CA998353A (US07923587-20110412-C00001.png)
ES (1) ES409494A1 (US07923587-20110412-C00001.png)
FR (1) FR2198788B1 (US07923587-20110412-C00001.png)
GB (1) GB1444137A (US07923587-20110412-C00001.png)
ZA (1) ZA737162B (US07923587-20110412-C00001.png)

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4113616A (en) * 1977-07-25 1978-09-12 Kaes Richard W Fish manure removal method
US4257879A (en) * 1976-10-21 1981-03-24 Bergwerksverband Gmbh Process for dewatering coal slurries
WO1983001013A1 (en) * 1981-09-18 1983-03-31 Duveau, Jean Solids separation and liquid clarification system
US4415430A (en) * 1981-07-21 1983-11-15 Standard Oil Company (Indiana) Two-stage centrifugal dedusting process
US4595492A (en) * 1982-05-17 1986-06-17 Fmc Corporation Recovery of phosphorus from dilute waste streams
US4849116A (en) * 1986-05-28 1989-07-18 Maschinenfabrik Andritz Actiengesellschaft Process and a plant for separating low density material from substrate mixtures
US20060123745A1 (en) * 2004-08-16 2006-06-15 Victor Pobihushchy Vacuum truck solids handling apparatus
WO2009041983A1 (en) * 2007-09-27 2009-04-02 Long Edward W Grinding circuit with cyclone and density separator classification system and method

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2711449B2 (ja) * 1987-07-09 1998-02-10 国宏 荻原 ダム、湖、貯水池等の水源の底に堆積した土砂の排出装置

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2544752A (en) * 1949-06-10 1951-03-13 Lawrence F Gelbman Process for making lightweight aggregates using fragile nodules
US2623637A (en) * 1948-08-20 1952-12-30 Mij Voor Kolenbewering Stamica System of separation
US2907460A (en) * 1957-11-12 1959-10-06 Simplex Valve And Meter Compan Filter system coordinated fluid level control
US3392828A (en) * 1964-01-23 1968-07-16 Process Engineering Co Inc Separation of substances
US3400813A (en) * 1965-09-22 1968-09-10 Mountain Fuel Supply Company Beneficiation of certain phosphate rock ores by froth flotation
US3679051A (en) * 1970-02-26 1972-07-25 Prab Conveyors Improved metal and plastic chip wringing apparatus and process
US3746265A (en) * 1970-10-02 1973-07-17 Int Minerals & Chem Corp Benefication of potash

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2623637A (en) * 1948-08-20 1952-12-30 Mij Voor Kolenbewering Stamica System of separation
US2544752A (en) * 1949-06-10 1951-03-13 Lawrence F Gelbman Process for making lightweight aggregates using fragile nodules
US2907460A (en) * 1957-11-12 1959-10-06 Simplex Valve And Meter Compan Filter system coordinated fluid level control
US3392828A (en) * 1964-01-23 1968-07-16 Process Engineering Co Inc Separation of substances
US3400813A (en) * 1965-09-22 1968-09-10 Mountain Fuel Supply Company Beneficiation of certain phosphate rock ores by froth flotation
US3679051A (en) * 1970-02-26 1972-07-25 Prab Conveyors Improved metal and plastic chip wringing apparatus and process
US3746265A (en) * 1970-10-02 1973-07-17 Int Minerals & Chem Corp Benefication of potash

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4257879A (en) * 1976-10-21 1981-03-24 Bergwerksverband Gmbh Process for dewatering coal slurries
US4113616A (en) * 1977-07-25 1978-09-12 Kaes Richard W Fish manure removal method
US4415430A (en) * 1981-07-21 1983-11-15 Standard Oil Company (Indiana) Two-stage centrifugal dedusting process
WO1983001013A1 (en) * 1981-09-18 1983-03-31 Duveau, Jean Solids separation and liquid clarification system
US4595492A (en) * 1982-05-17 1986-06-17 Fmc Corporation Recovery of phosphorus from dilute waste streams
US4849116A (en) * 1986-05-28 1989-07-18 Maschinenfabrik Andritz Actiengesellschaft Process and a plant for separating low density material from substrate mixtures
US20060123745A1 (en) * 2004-08-16 2006-06-15 Victor Pobihushchy Vacuum truck solids handling apparatus
US7523570B2 (en) 2004-08-16 2009-04-28 Non Stop Hydro Excavation Ltd. Vacuum truck solids handling apparatus
WO2009041983A1 (en) * 2007-09-27 2009-04-02 Long Edward W Grinding circuit with cyclone and density separator classification system and method

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DE2343924B2 (de) 1975-10-23
JPS4964961A (US07923587-20110412-C00001.png) 1974-06-24
AU5988273A (en) 1975-03-06
DE2343924A1 (de) 1974-03-28
FR2198788B1 (US07923587-20110412-C00001.png) 1976-06-18
JPS5633148B2 (US07923587-20110412-C00001.png) 1981-08-01
CA998353A (en) 1976-10-12
ES409494A1 (es) 1975-12-16
FR2198788A1 (US07923587-20110412-C00001.png) 1974-04-05
GB1444137A (en) 1976-07-28
AT324250B (de) 1975-08-25
ZA737162B (en) 1974-09-25

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