US3886843A - Pneumatic apparatus for firing an automatic firing weapon - Google Patents

Pneumatic apparatus for firing an automatic firing weapon Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US3886843A
US3886843A US441807A US44180774A US3886843A US 3886843 A US3886843 A US 3886843A US 441807 A US441807 A US 441807A US 44180774 A US44180774 A US 44180774A US 3886843 A US3886843 A US 3886843A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
valve
conduit
compressed air
firing
cylinder
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US441807A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Gunter Wilhelm Hoffmann
Gilbert Magnollay
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Rheinmetall Air Defence AG
Original Assignee
Werkzeugmaschinenfabrik Oerlikon Buhrle AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Werkzeugmaschinenfabrik Oerlikon Buhrle AG filed Critical Werkzeugmaschinenfabrik Oerlikon Buhrle AG
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3886843A publication Critical patent/US3886843A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41A—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS COMMON TO BOTH SMALLARMS AND ORDNANCE, e.g. CANNONS; MOUNTINGS FOR SMALLARMS OR ORDNANCE
    • F41A19/00—Firing or trigger mechanisms; Cocking mechanisms
    • F41A19/55—Fluid-operated firing mechanisms
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B11/00—Servomotor systems without provision for follow-up action; Circuits therefor
    • F15B11/16—Servomotor systems without provision for follow-up action; Circuits therefor with two or more servomotors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41A—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS COMMON TO BOTH SMALLARMS AND ORDNANCE, e.g. CANNONS; MOUNTINGS FOR SMALLARMS OR ORDNANCE
    • F41A19/00—Firing or trigger mechanisms; Cocking mechanisms
    • F41A19/01—Counting means indicating the number of shots fired
    • F41A19/02—Burst limiters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/20—Fluid pressure source, e.g. accumulator or variable axial piston pump
    • F15B2211/205—Systems with pumps
    • F15B2211/20576—Systems with pumps with multiple pumps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/30—Directional control
    • F15B2211/32—Directional control characterised by the type of actuation
    • F15B2211/329—Directional control characterised by the type of actuation actuated by fluid pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/60—Circuit components or control therefor
    • F15B2211/605—Load sensing circuits
    • F15B2211/6051—Load sensing circuits having valve means between output member and the load sensing circuit
    • F15B2211/6054—Load sensing circuits having valve means between output member and the load sensing circuit using shuttle valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/60—Circuit components or control therefor
    • F15B2211/625—Accumulators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/60—Circuit components or control therefor
    • F15B2211/635—Circuits providing pilot pressure to pilot pressure-controlled fluid circuit elements
    • F15B2211/6355—Circuits providing pilot pressure to pilot pressure-controlled fluid circuit elements having valve means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/70—Output members, e.g. hydraulic motors or cylinders or control therefor
    • F15B2211/71—Multiple output members, e.g. multiple hydraulic motors or cylinders
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/70—Output members, e.g. hydraulic motors or cylinders or control therefor
    • F15B2211/78—Control of multiple output members
    • F15B2211/783—Sequential control

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT A pneumatic apparatus for firing an automatic firing weapon comprising a cylinder which can be impinged by a compressed air source actuation of the cylinder being controlled by a first valve. There is provided a second valve which is open in its starting position, and upon actuating the first valve the second valve can be closed for interrupting the deliver of air to the cylinder.
  • the present invention relates to a new and improved construction of pneumatic apparatus for firing an auto matic firing weapon and is of the type incorporating a cylinder which can be impinged with air by means of a compressed air source, actuation of the cylinder being controlled by a first valve.
  • triggering of an automatic firing weapon takes place by means of a piston of a cylinder arranged directly at the weapon, the cylinder being pneumatically actuated by remote control.
  • a drawback of this system is that cessation of firing does not occur automatically, rather must be undertaken by the operating personnel.
  • Another and more specific object of the present invention relates to a new and improved construction of pneumatic apparatus for firing an automatic weapon wherein after a certain time for instance after a single shot or for the limiting as a function of time of rapid or series firing there can be automatically stopped the firing operation-
  • the invention contemplates that there is provided a second valve which is open in its starting position and this second valve is closed upon actuating the aforesaid first valve for the purpose of interrupting the delivery of air to the cylinder.
  • the effective or work surfaces 9 and 10 of the pistons 1 and 2 which bound the compartments 5 and 6 respectively of the cylinders 3 and 4 are larger than the effective or work surfaces 11 and 12 f the actuation pistons l and 2 which bound the compartments 7 and 8.
  • These compartments 7 and 8 are coupled with compressed air sources 13 and 14 respectively.
  • conduits 15 and 16 are either connected with the respective compressed air sources 23 and 24 or vent to the atmosphere.
  • conduits or lines 27 and 28 For the purpose of adjusting the slide valves 21 and 22 compressed air is delivered from the conduits or lines 27 and 28, and which overcomes the force of a respective spring 25 and 26.
  • the conduits 27 and 28 are connected via the respective slide valves 29 and 30 with the conduit 31.
  • Each slide valve 29 and 30 forms a feeler which under the force of the springs 47 and 48 bears against the cartridge belt and is displaced in the event that the relevant cartridge belt is at its end i.e. depleted.
  • Conduit 27 or 28 is then vented to the atmosphere via the slide valves 29 and 30.
  • the conduit 31 opens into a slide valve 34 defining a reversing or switching valve and can be connected by means of such slide valve 34 either with a conduit 41 or conduit 37.
  • compressed air is delivered from the conduit 61 and which must overcome the force of a spring 35.
  • the slide valve 34 is connected with the elements which serve to trigger series firing or to trigger a limited series firing.
  • a conduit or line 42 can be either connected with the atmosphere or with a compressed air source 45.
  • the compressed air arriving from the conduit 42 at the slide valve 39 overcomes the force of a spring 38 and displaces the slide valve 39.
  • a slide valve 50 which can interrupt a conduit 51.
  • Conduit 51 is connected on the one hand via a throttle 69, defining a delay element, with a conduit 55, on the other hand it leads to the flask or container 52.
  • a check valve 54 it is connected with a conduit 53 which opens into the conduit 41.
  • the conduit 55 into which open the conduits 41 and 51, leads to a foot actuation slide valve 80 which is equipped with a connection to the atmosphere, a connection to a compressed air source 79 and a spring 81.
  • the slide valve 34 is furthermore connected with the elements for triggering an individual shot and for triggering a number of individual shots.
  • the slide valve by means of which the conduit 61 is either vented to the atmosphere or can be connected with the conduit 55.
  • the conduit 37 connects the slide valve 34 with a slide valve 36.
  • This slide valve 36 possesses a connection to a compressed air source 67, an opening 36a to the atmosphere as well as crosswise connecting channels 36b for connecting the compressed air source 67 with a conduit 71 and the conduit 37 with the atmosphere upon actuating the slide valve 36 by means of the compressed air emanating from a conduit 20.
  • the compressed air is delivered via a double check valve 19 from conduits 17 and 18.
  • the conduit 17 opens into the conduit at the first cylinder 3.
  • the conduit 18 opens into the conduit 16 at the second cylinder 4.
  • the conduit 66 can be connected via a slide valve 63 either with a compressed air source 64 or with a further conduit 62.
  • a slide valve 63 For adjusting the slide valve 63 there is delivered compressed air from a conduit 78 and which must overcome the force of a spring 65.
  • the conduit 78 is connected via a slide valve 75 either with the atmosphere, as schematically indicated at 75a, or with a compressed air source 76.
  • a slide valve 75 For adjusting the slide valve 75 there is delivered compressed air from a conduit 73 and a flask or container 72, and which must overcome the force of a spring 77.
  • the flask or container 72 defining a delay element, is connected via a check valve 74 with a conduit 71.
  • This conduit 71 is connected via the slide valve 36 either to vent into the atmosphere or with the compressed air source 67 and via a throttle 68, defining a delay element, with a slide valve 70.
  • a slide valve 70 By means of the slide valve 70 it is possible to interrupt the conduit 71.
  • the flask or container 72 is connected with the conduit 71.
  • the slide valves 40, 50, 60 and 70 can be operated by a common adjustment switch or control switch which has not been particularly illustrated in the drawing to preserve clarity in illustration.
  • This adjustment switch has five positions for five adjustment possibilities of the pneumatic trigger mechanism, namely:
  • Position 1 Safety position Position 2 :Single shot Position 3 :Series firing with low cadence Position 4 :Limited series firing Position 5 :Series firing with normal cadence of the weapon.
  • the mode of operation of the described apparatus is as follows: if the adjustment switch is placed into position 1, then the slide valves 40, 60 are vented, the connected conduits 41, 61 and the slide valves 50, 70 interrupt the connected conduits 51, 71. Upon operating the foot actuation slide valve 80 no shots are fired.
  • the slide valves 50, 70 interrupt the connected conduits 51, 71 and the slide valve 40 vents the conduits 41.
  • the slide valve 60 on the other hand is located in a position in which upon operating the foot actuation slide valve 80 compressed air flows from the compressed air source 79 via the conduit 55 through the conduit 61. Consequently, the slide valve 34 is displaced against the force of the spring 35 and the conduit 31 is connected with the conduit 37 leading to the slide valve 36. From the compressed air source 67 compressed air flows through conduits 37 and 31 via the slide valves 29 and into the conduits 27 and 28.
  • the slide valves 21 and 22 are displaced against the force of the springs 25 and 26 and the conduits 15 and 16 are connected with the compressed air sources 23 and 24.
  • the compartments or chambers 5 and 6 fill-up and the actuation pistons 1 and 2 are impinged. A respective shot is fired.
  • From the conduits 15 and 16 compressed air flows through the conduits 17 and 18 via the check valve 19 through the conduit 20 to the slide valve 36. Since, however, in position 2 of the adjustment switch compressed air flows from the source 79 also through the conduit 56, the slide valve 57 is actuatedagainst the action of the spring 58 and there is interrupted delivery of compressed air from the source 59 via the conduit 62, the slide valve 63 and the conduit 66 to the slide valve 36.
  • the slide valve 50 interrupts the conduit 51 and the slide valve 40 vents the conduit 41, on the other hand, the slide valves 60 and 70 are in a position in which the connected conduits 61 and 71 are continuous, i.e. not interrupted.
  • compressed air from the compressed air source 67 up to the pistons 1 and 2.
  • the compressed air flowing through the conduit 56 again interrupts the infeed of compressed air from the compressed air source 59 to the slide valve 36.
  • the compressed air which flows through the conduit 20 to the slide valve 36 again does experience any counter force from the conduit 66 and the slide valve 36 is displaced.
  • the air from the compressed air source 67 flows through the conduit 71.
  • the slide valve 70 is in the position in which the compressed air arriving via the throttle 68 reaches the region of the container 72 and such begins to fill. If the pressure in the container 72 and the conduit 73 is sufficiently large, then the force of the spring 77 of the slide valve is overcome and the conduit 78 is connected to the compressed air source 76. This compressed air brings about displacement of the slide valve 63 against the force of the spring 65 and compressed air again flows to the slide valve 36, this time from the source 64 via the slide valve 63 and the conduit 66. The slide valve 36 is again displaced back and compressed air flows from the compressed air source 67 via conduit 37 and the slide valve 34, again in the already described manner, to the actuation pistons l and 2. A further shot is fired. The entire procedure can repeat for such length of time as the slide valve 80 is actuated. After each shot the flask or container 72 is vented to the atmosphere via the check valve 74 and the conduit 71.
  • the slide valve 70 interrupts the connected conduit 71 and via the slide valve 60 the connected conduit 61 is vented to the atmosphere.
  • the slide valves 50 and 40 are in a position in which upon actuating the foot actuated slide valve 80 compressed air flows from the compressed air source 79 via the conduit 55 into the conduit 41 and via the throttle 69 to the conduit 51.
  • compressed air arrives via the slide valves 39 and 34 at the conduit 31, from which location it flows further via the slide valves 29 and 30 through the conduits 27 and 28 and the slide valves 21 and 22 are actuated against the force of the springs and 26.
  • Compressed air arrives from the compressed air sources 23 and 24 through the agency of the conduits 1S and 16 to the actuation pistons 1 and 2.
  • the compressed air which flows via the valve 19 through the conduit 20 does not bring about any interruption of the infeed of air.
  • the slide valve 36 is displaced by the compressed air from the conduit 20 since the compressed air from the conduit 66 escapes to the atmosphere via the slide valve 57.
  • This slide valve 57 is displaced by the air flowing out of the conduit 56. Displacement of the slide valve 36 does not have any effect, since the compressed air flowing up to the pistons 1 and 2 in this case does not emanate from the source 67, rather from the compressed air source 79.
  • Throttled compressed air which flows via the conduit 51 is stored in the flask or container 52 and upon attaining a sufficient pressure such, via the conduit 46, brings about a displacement of the slide valve 43 against the force of the spring 44.
  • Compressed air flows from the source 45 through the conduit 42 and displaces the slide valve 39 against the force of the spring 38.
  • the conduit 41 is interrupted and the series firing is terminated.
  • the duration of series firing is governed by the filling of the flask or container 52 via the throttle 69. With more pronounced throttling interruption of the series firing occurs at a later time.
  • the flask or container 52 is vented to the atmosphere via the valve 54 and the conduit 53, as soon as the foot actuation slide valve 80 is no longer actuated.
  • the slide valve 60 vents the connected conduit 61 and the slide valves 70 and 50 interrupt the conduits 71 and 51.
  • the slide valve 40 is in a position in which upon actuating the foot actuation slide valve 80 compressed air continuously flows from the compressed air source 79 through the conduits 55 and 41. Analogous to the position 4 of the adjustment switch there occurs series firing. Since, however, the slide valve 50 interrupts the conduit 51 the series firing is not limited via the slide valves 43 and 39, rather is continuously carried out as long as the foot actuated slide 80 is operated or as long as the slide valves 29 and remain open.
  • the slide valves 29, 30 monitor the associated cartridge belt and interrupt the connected conduits 27, 28 in the event that the cartridge belt is depleted. Consequently, the infeed of air to the relevant actuation piston 1 or 2 is interrupted.
  • the valve 19 prevents, upon disconnecting one of the actuation pistons l or 2 by one of the slide valves, 29 and 30, that also the conduit 15 or 16, which leads to the other actuation piston l or 2, will be vented.
  • the actuation pistons l and 2 can function independently of one another in the event one of them is disconnected by the slide valve 29 or 30.
  • a pneumatic apparatus for firing an automatic firing weapon comprising a cylinder which can be impinged with air from a compressed air source, a first valve for controlling actuation of said cylinder, a second valve which is open in its starting position, said second valve being closed upon actuating said first valve in order to interrupt the infeed of air to said cylinder.
  • a respective adjustment element is associated with the reversing valve, the third valve, the fourth valve and the fifth valve, for selectively actuating the reversing valve, or the reversing valve and the third valve, or the fourth valve and the fifth valve, or for interrupting the delivery of air to the fourth valve.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Fluid-Pressure Circuits (AREA)
  • Respiratory Apparatuses And Protective Means (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Oxide Ceramics (AREA)
US441807A 1973-03-02 1974-02-12 Pneumatic apparatus for firing an automatic firing weapon Expired - Lifetime US3886843A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH308473A CH565360A5 (xx) 1973-03-02 1973-03-02

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3886843A true US3886843A (en) 1975-06-03

Family

ID=4248272

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US441807A Expired - Lifetime US3886843A (en) 1973-03-02 1974-02-12 Pneumatic apparatus for firing an automatic firing weapon

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US3886843A (xx)
CH (1) CH565360A5 (xx)
DE (1) DE2407950C3 (xx)
FR (1) FR2220055B1 (xx)
GB (1) GB1467176A (xx)
IT (1) IT1009660B (xx)
NO (1) NO137660C (xx)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4121497A (en) * 1976-10-27 1978-10-24 Werkzeugmaschinenfabrik Oerlikon Buhrle Ag Apparatus for triggering rapid individual firing

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3640177A (en) * 1969-06-18 1972-02-08 Oerlikon Buehrle Ag Firing button for releasing a trigger and opening a cartridge ejection gate

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3640177A (en) * 1969-06-18 1972-02-08 Oerlikon Buehrle Ag Firing button for releasing a trigger and opening a cartridge ejection gate

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4121497A (en) * 1976-10-27 1978-10-24 Werkzeugmaschinenfabrik Oerlikon Buhrle Ag Apparatus for triggering rapid individual firing

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NO137660C (no) 1978-04-05
DE2407950B2 (de) 1977-12-01
DE2407950C3 (de) 1978-07-20
DE2407950A1 (de) 1974-09-12
NO137660B (no) 1977-12-19
IT1009660B (it) 1976-12-20
CH565360A5 (xx) 1975-08-15
GB1467176A (en) 1977-03-16
FR2220055B1 (xx) 1978-01-06
FR2220055A1 (xx) 1974-09-27
NO740720L (no) 1974-09-03

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US3096888A (en) Distributor device
US5059088A (en) Suction lifter for a material handling device
JPH0794843B2 (ja) 空気制御装置
US3886843A (en) Pneumatic apparatus for firing an automatic firing weapon
US4261450A (en) Failure detecting apparatus for a dual valve
US3872876A (en) Pneumatic Control
KR970017750A (ko) 차단기의 유체압 구동 장치 및 이를 이용한 차단기
GB1589703A (en) Doffer with pneumatic control system
GB974260A (en) Improved safety valve system
US3640177A (en) Firing button for releasing a trigger and opening a cartridge ejection gate
GB828597A (en) Improvements in control devices for hydraulic actuators
US3244415A (en) Automatic door operator control systems
US2790305A (en) Control valves for hydraulic presses
US3730219A (en) Control valve means for fluid motors
US3291003A (en) Automatic door operator control systems
US4356842A (en) Control valve set for a completely pneumatical low- and operation pressure control
US3529629A (en) Fluid valve with pilot valve control
US2342645A (en) Clutch control
US4121497A (en) Apparatus for triggering rapid individual firing
US2864490A (en) Typographical composing and casting machine
GB2025561A (en) A compressed air actuated control device comprising two- handed actuation
SU557944A1 (ru) Воздухораспределитель тормоза железнодорожного транспортного средства
GB791170A (en) Improvements in or relating to devices for supplying predetermined quantities of a liquid
GB802592A (en) Beverage dispensing apparatus
GB2277130A (en) Control circuit for glassware forming machine