US3885604A - Making reinforced fabrics - Google Patents

Making reinforced fabrics Download PDF

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Publication number
US3885604A
US3885604A US458349A US45834974A US3885604A US 3885604 A US3885604 A US 3885604A US 458349 A US458349 A US 458349A US 45834974 A US45834974 A US 45834974A US 3885604 A US3885604 A US 3885604A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
rollers
roller
wires
rotation
wire
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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US458349A
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English (en)
Inventor
Kenneth Harry Rowland
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Avon Rubber PLC
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Avon Rubber PLC
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Publication date
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
    • B29C70/28—Shaping operations therefor
    • B29C70/54—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations, e.g. feeding or storage of prepregs or SMC after impregnation or during ageing
    • B29C70/56—Tensioning reinforcements before or during shaping
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2021/00—Use of unspecified rubbers as moulding material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2105/00—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
    • B29K2105/06—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped containing reinforcements, fillers or inserts
    • B29K2105/08—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped containing reinforcements, fillers or inserts of continuous length, e.g. cords, rovings, mats, fabrics, strands or yarns
    • B29K2105/10—Cords, strands or rovings, e.g. oriented cords, strands or rovings
    • B29K2105/101—Oriented
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
    • B29L2030/00—Pneumatic or solid tyres or parts thereof
    • B29L2030/003—Plies; Breakers

Definitions

  • rollers may be moved from condition in which the common plane of their axes is vertical (to facilitate [56] References Cited threading of the generally horizontal wires when the machine is being set up) to one where the wires are UNITED STATES PATENTS made to execute an S bend round the rollers and thus Z4 z fg/ drive them in common against the braking resistance.
  • This invention is concerned with the making of metalreinforced fabrics such as are used particularly in radial-ply tyres.
  • a typical fabric includes a plurality of parallel spaced wire cords of which are embedded as reinforcement in an elastomer, usually by a calendering process.
  • the reels are mounted in horizontal rows, one above the other, in a creel rack. There may be a large number of wires in any given layer and each wire derives from one reel. Reels are mounted one behind another in the rack, in each layer, and may also be mounted side by side.
  • every single reel in the rack has been provided with its own friction brake or other form of brake.
  • This is a simple friction pad or strap.
  • the pad acts as a friction disc brake. It is engaged to the end face of a reel and its braking effect is derived from the weight of the reel pressing it into engagement with a stationary pad (the axis of the reel is tilted to the horizontal). The braking effect is unpredictable and dependent on the weight of wire in the reel at any one time.
  • the strap brake acts as a band brake over a cylinder extension engaged by the reel and is loaded by a deadweight. Any oil or grease on the strap, or interference with the deadweight will cause loss of braking effect.
  • the present invention is concerned with a novel way of governing and rendering substantially equal the tension under which reinforcing wires of a layer pass from a creel stand to the embedding machine.
  • the invention tackles this problem providing common tensioning for the wires in a layer between where the wires leave their respective reels and where they go into the embedding machine.
  • the wires are passed over and made to drive a tensioning arrangement of rollers which have a resistance to rotation, which may be either wholly due to radial bearing forces or due to such forces supplemented by a brake.
  • the interaction between each wire and the roller is the same and thus the wires have a common treatment.
  • the tensioning arrangement includes a pair of spaced apart rollers rotatable about respective axes and each respectively having a friction brake for subjecting them to a resistance to rotation.
  • a preferred mounting for this pair of rollers includes a pivoting link between the shafts defining the axes about which the rollers respectively rotate whereby the common plane containing the two axes of the rollers may be brought, for example, for a vertical attitude through a horizontal attitude to one below the horizontal (when the wires in a generally horizontal direction from the creel rack to the embedding machine), and means for releasably locking the respective rollers in the attitude where the common plane of their two axes is below the horizontal so that the wires make a double bend round the rollers and will drive them in rotation.
  • a stand supporting the rollers may also have a lateral spacing comb for receiving and guiding cords.
  • the comb may be spaced away from the rollers and be double-sided with teeth on the respective sides offset by the amount equal to the offset of lateral spacing means on the rollers whereby adjacent cords on the rollers are brought alternately to the two sides of the combs.
  • FIG. 1 is a side elevation of the embodiment
  • FIG. 2 is a front view of the embodiment, with part cut away;
  • FIG. 3 is a side view on a larger scale and showing an alternative lateral guide arrangement
  • FIG. 4 is a plan view of part of tension control rollers.
  • FIG. 5 is a diametrical section of a second form of roller.
  • FIG. 1 we see a creel rack 1 of a Berstorff machine with a vertical array of'reels of wire made up of a plurality of rows 2 of reels.
  • Each row 2 contributes a layer of wires to the embedding machine and there is in each row a number of reels corresponding to the number of wires in each layer.
  • One cord or wire is led from each reel and over a hardened steel rail 3 and wire path control roller 4, for each horizontal row 2.
  • the reels may be individually braked only to the extent needed to prevent overrunning if the wires suddenly cease to be drawn off.
  • the rail 3 is provided with hardened pins 5 so that it forms a gate or comb, for the initial lateral positioning and assembling of cords or wires from a given horizontal row.
  • the roller 4 determines the horizontal level, and keeps wire clear of the gate rail 3, for the avoidance of wear.
  • tension controlling means are inserted in the path of the wires. These are shown on a tension control mounting stand 6 which may be mounted on the common frame with the creel rack or may be mounted in any suitable point in the wire path between the creel rack and the embedding machine.
  • the stand 6 is optionally followed by a spearate comb stand 7, or (particularly when there is not a very large number of wires in each layer) by a guide comb mounted on the stand 6.
  • the tension control stand 6 has a plurality of pairs of tensioning roller devices generally designated 8 which will be described in more detail with reference to FIG. 3, and the comb stand 7 has a plurality of combs 9. As shown in FIG. 2, there is one device 8 on each side of stand 6 per horizontal layer of wires and there is one comb assembly 9 on each side of the comb stand 7 for each horizontal layer of cords or wires. Each device is common to any number of wires in this case approximately 100 wires.
  • the wires follow a path 10 after having left the path guide roller 4 and proceed under a first roller 11 of a tension control device 8.
  • This has a pair of tension control rollers 11 and 12.
  • the wire passes under and part way around the first roller 11 and then over and part way around the second roller 12, emerging in a path indicated at 13 in FIG. 3.
  • it is laterally guided and vertically restrained by an eyelet 14 which entraps it.
  • lateral guidance is given by the double sided combs of the comb assemblies 9. Wires are passed alternately to the upper and lower combs, of which the teeth are offset appropriately. In either case the wires then go to other guide arrangement, known per se, and then to the embedding machine.
  • the first roller 11 is mounted on a non-rotating shaft 15 borne at each end by swivelling arms 16 which can pivot about an axis defined by a shaft 17, about which the second roller 12 is free to rotate. In this way the first roller 11 may orbit around second roller 12, both rollers being free to rotate about their own axes defined by shafts l5 and 17 respectively.
  • the shaping of the arms 16 is such that they offer a detent 19 for a latch arm 20 which is pivoted at 21 to the frame 6 at a level above that of the axis 17 and at a greater radius from it than any point of the roller 11.
  • Each roller 11, 12 has two sources of resistance to rotation.
  • the first (which in some embodiments may be the sole one) is the radial bearing forces generated in the bearings of the roller when rotated under radial load.
  • the second is a brake, in the present case a trimming friction brake in the form of a disc 25 or 26 respectively pressing against an end-face of the roller under the influence of a compression spring 27, 28 respectively and trapped between the disc and the arm 16 and surrounding the respective axles 15 and 17.
  • effect may be made adjustable by changing the spring or the nature of the friction plates.
  • the friction plates are restrained from rotation by engaging a flatformed in the shafts 15, 17 respectively.
  • Each roller 11, 12 is made up of an inner steel sleeve covered by grooved high abrasion resistant covering. High resistance to wear is very important, as is also uniformity of diameter in the grooves.
  • Suitable covering materials are polyethers, polyesters, polycaprolactone or polycarbonate polyols reacted with tolylene 2,4-diisocyanate, diphenyl methane 4,4-di-isocyanate or naphthalene 1,5-di-isocyanate, or other suitable elastomeric materials.
  • This system either in one shot, prepolymer or gum stock form may be compounded with fillers and plasticisers and either/or chain extended/cross linked with sulphur organic peroxides, aromatic or aliphatic amines or short chain aromatic or aliphatic glycols.
  • polyurethanes commercially available from Avon Rubber Company Limited, Melksham, England under the names Avon Millable Urethane 31 :X 2" or Avon Millable Urethane 31 X 8.
  • each groove receives one wire of the layer and the spacing apart of the grooves is the same as the lateral spacing apart of the pins 5 of the rail 3 and of the guides 14; the
  • grooves may be formed by machining in a plain moulded cylinder of urethane material bonded onto the steel cylinder, or a grooved covering may be moulded,
  • the surface of the cylinder may be made up ofa large number of identical washers.
  • a grooved surface 31 is made up by mounting a large: number of identical polyurethane washers 32 on a steel sleeve 33 and compressing them between a circlip 34 at one end of the sleeve and a ring 35 threaded onto an externally screw-threaded end 36 of the sleeve 33.
  • Each washer has a generally rectangular-section annu-- lar body 37 and a square section annulus 38 projecting from its radially outer periphery and staggered to overhang one side face 39 of the body.
  • the overhanging square section projection 38 covers the interface be-
  • the double comb assembly 9 illustrated in FIG. 2 is not an essential part of theinvention and may be replaced by single comb assembly made up of the guides 14 illustrated in FIG. 3.
  • the invention is applicable also to machines, or positions in machines, where the run of the wires in a layer is generally vertical. Then the inoperative position of the rollers is with the common plane of their axes horizontal and the working position is attained by bringing the arm 16 through the vertical to a position at an angle to the vertical.
  • every groove of a tensioning arrangement roller shall be occupied by a wire, but there must be enough wires to drive the rollers in rotation without slippage between wire and covering. As an indication, occupation of less than 30 percent of the grooves can be said to be undesirable.
  • the tensioning effect given by a pair of rollers is governed (all other things being constant) by the angle through which the wire path bends.
  • this working angle is not adjustable in the present embodiment, devices with adjustable working angles lie within the invention.
  • the improvement comprising a tensioning device placed in the wire path between the creel rack and the machine and tensioning in common a plurality of the wires, the tensioning device including a pair of spaced-apart grooved rollers each having an abrasion-resistant surface of uniform diameter in the grooves, the plurality of wires running around each roller on its surface over a part of the periphery thereof,-each of the wires occupying one groove, all the grooves of each roller respectively being constrained to rotate in common, such that the wires execute a double bend in their path and drive the rollers against their resistance to rotation without slippage between any wire and the rollers.
  • each roller is of a polyurethane material.
  • a swivelling link maintains the axes of rotation of the rollers spaced apart by a fixed distance but permits rotation of the common plane to a working attitude of the rollers in which the wires execute the said double bend around them and an attitude for an inoperative condition of the rollers in which the wires may be passed freely and directly between them, the said rotation of the common plane being about an axis coaxial with that of one of the rollers.
  • a tensioning apparatus for wire feed in the manufacture of wire-reinforced fabrics and for positioning in a wire path between a creel rack and an embedding machine which includes a. a stand b. a plurality of tensioning devices mounted on the stand, there being at least one tensioning device for respective arrays of wires c. each tensioning device having i. a pair of rollers, each roller having a wearresistant grooved surface the whole of which is constrained to rotate together about an axis of rotation of the roller ii.
  • an axis of rotation of a first of the pair of rollers being stationary relative to the stand, and an axis of rotation of second of the pair of rollers being movable about the first in an arc of a circle of predetermined radius iii. the said radius being greater than the sum of the radii of the two rollers and the said axes of rotation being parallel whereby the rollers are spaced apart d.
  • means on the stand defining limit positions of movement of the axis of the second roller about that of the first, one limit position being a working position and one an inoperative position, and
  • latch means capable of releasably maintaining the rollers in the working position.
  • grooved surfaces of the rollers are formed by the collocation of a plurality of identical washers secured together against relative rotation and each having at one lateral edge peripheral portion defining a groove base and a portion defining a groove ridge.
  • each roller has a brake which consists of a friction disc, a spring resiliently urging the disc into frictional contact with an end face of the roller, and keying means constraining the disc against rotation relative to a shaft defining the axis about which the respective roller rotates.
  • the latch means (e) is a strut pivotally mounted on the stand and releasably engageable with a bearing arm for the pair of rollers at a position adjacent the axis of rotation of the second roller of the pair of rollers to be placed in compression between the arm and the stand, to maintain the rollers in the working position.
  • apparatus (f) comprises additionally stationary lateral spacer means for defining inlet gates to respective grooves of one roller of the pair of rollers, a line through each respective gate and groove being perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the one roller.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Composite Materials (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Ropes Or Cables (AREA)
  • Guides For Winding Or Rewinding, Or Guides For Filamentary Materials (AREA)
US458349A 1973-04-09 1974-04-05 Making reinforced fabrics Expired - Lifetime US3885604A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB1694573 1973-04-09

Publications (1)

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US3885604A true US3885604A (en) 1975-05-27

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US458349A Expired - Lifetime US3885604A (en) 1973-04-09 1974-04-05 Making reinforced fabrics

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US (1) US3885604A (de)
AT (1) AT334234B (de)
DE (1) DE2335416A1 (de)
FR (1) FR2224388A1 (de)
NL (1) NL7404566A (de)

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20050184183A1 (en) * 2002-06-28 2005-08-25 Markus Berger Thread brake
ITBO20080551A1 (it) * 2008-09-11 2010-03-12 S I M A Societa Ind Meccani Che Affini A R Macchina per la torcitura di filati utilizzabile come torcitoio o come cordatrice
US20130341453A1 (en) * 2011-03-23 2013-12-26 Flamek Ltd Device for tightening rope
US20140021421A1 (en) * 2011-04-04 2014-01-23 Rolls-Royce Marine As Tensioning device
CN104325051A (zh) * 2014-09-28 2015-02-04 苏州龙越机电设备有限公司 一种细丝散热器或换热器内胆的制造设备
CN105537472A (zh) * 2016-01-26 2016-05-04 绍兴华生钉业有限公司 制钉设备用供丝放线装置

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1462604A (en) * 1922-01-31 1923-07-24 Charles F Lavalle Tension regulator for selvage spools
US1781817A (en) * 1928-02-01 1930-11-18 Columbia Narrow Fabric Company Tensioning device for elastic threads
US2268277A (en) * 1940-03-29 1941-12-30 Carter Ben Yarn-tensioning device
US3223126A (en) * 1963-10-29 1965-12-14 Louis J Zerbee Tensioning device
US3246818A (en) * 1964-01-08 1966-04-19 Gillette Co Tension bridle
US3386679A (en) * 1965-02-04 1968-06-04 Yoder Co Multiple strip tensioning device

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1462604A (en) * 1922-01-31 1923-07-24 Charles F Lavalle Tension regulator for selvage spools
US1781817A (en) * 1928-02-01 1930-11-18 Columbia Narrow Fabric Company Tensioning device for elastic threads
US2268277A (en) * 1940-03-29 1941-12-30 Carter Ben Yarn-tensioning device
US3223126A (en) * 1963-10-29 1965-12-14 Louis J Zerbee Tensioning device
US3246818A (en) * 1964-01-08 1966-04-19 Gillette Co Tension bridle
US3386679A (en) * 1965-02-04 1968-06-04 Yoder Co Multiple strip tensioning device

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20050184183A1 (en) * 2002-06-28 2005-08-25 Markus Berger Thread brake
US7178753B2 (en) 2002-06-28 2007-02-20 Conti Tech Luftfedersysteme Gmbh Thread brake
ITBO20080551A1 (it) * 2008-09-11 2010-03-12 S I M A Societa Ind Meccani Che Affini A R Macchina per la torcitura di filati utilizzabile come torcitoio o come cordatrice
EP2166135A1 (de) * 2008-09-11 2010-03-24 S.I.M.A. Societa' Industrie Meccaniche Affini A R. Maschine zur Garndrehung, die als Zwirnmaschine oder Cordmaschine verwendet werden kann
US20130341453A1 (en) * 2011-03-23 2013-12-26 Flamek Ltd Device for tightening rope
US9321617B2 (en) * 2011-03-23 2016-04-26 Flamek Ltd Device for tightening rope
US20140021421A1 (en) * 2011-04-04 2014-01-23 Rolls-Royce Marine As Tensioning device
CN104325051A (zh) * 2014-09-28 2015-02-04 苏州龙越机电设备有限公司 一种细丝散热器或换热器内胆的制造设备
CN104325051B (zh) * 2014-09-28 2016-10-19 苏州龙越机电设备有限公司 一种细丝散热器或换热器内胆的制造设备
CN105537472A (zh) * 2016-01-26 2016-05-04 绍兴华生钉业有限公司 制钉设备用供丝放线装置

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NL7404566A (de) 1974-10-11
ATA286774A (de) 1976-04-15
DE2335416A1 (de) 1974-10-24
FR2224388A1 (de) 1974-10-31
AT334234B (de) 1976-01-10

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