US3884063A - Gear rolling - Google Patents

Gear rolling Download PDF

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Publication number
US3884063A
US3884063A US446625A US44662574A US3884063A US 3884063 A US3884063 A US 3884063A US 446625 A US446625 A US 446625A US 44662574 A US44662574 A US 44662574A US 3884063 A US3884063 A US 3884063A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
die
teeth
gear
smooth
tooth
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US446625A
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English (en)
Inventor
Richard W Tersch
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Nachi Machining Technology Co
Original Assignee
Lear Siegler Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Lear Siegler Inc filed Critical Lear Siegler Inc
Priority to US446625A priority Critical patent/US3884063A/en
Priority to CA214,587A priority patent/CA1013181A/en
Priority to GB5418674A priority patent/GB1437680A/en
Priority to IT54614/74A priority patent/IT1026056B/it
Priority to FR7500954A priority patent/FR2262569B3/fr
Priority to JP1494775A priority patent/JPS579894B2/ja
Priority to DE2508842A priority patent/DE2508842C2/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3884063A publication Critical patent/US3884063A/en
Assigned to ADD, INC., A MICHIGAN CORP. reassignment ADD, INC., A MICHIGAN CORP. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: LEAR SIEGLER, INC. A DE. CORP.
Assigned to NATIONAL BROACH & MACHINE COMPANY, reassignment NATIONAL BROACH & MACHINE COMPANY, CHANGE OF NAME (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). 5-30-86 Assignors: ADD, INC.
Assigned to WILKINS, LEONARD J., RAO, SURENDRA B., DONNELLY, JOHN T.;, FERRETT, JAMES A. reassignment WILKINS, LEONARD J. SECURITY INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: NATIONAL BROACH & MACHINE COMPANY
Assigned to MIDLANTIC NATIONAL BANK reassignment MIDLANTIC NATIONAL BANK SECURITY INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: NATIONAL BROACH & MACHINE COMPANY
Assigned to IMEC CORPORATION, A CORP. OF MA, NATIONAL BROACH & MACHINE COMPANY, 17500 TWENTY-THREE MILE RD., MT. CLEMENS, MI 48044 A CORP. OF MI reassignment IMEC CORPORATION, A CORP. OF MA RELEASED BY SECURED PARTY (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). 12-21-90 CA Assignors: MIDLANTIC NATIONAL BANK, PS HOLDING CORPORATION, A CORP. OF CA
Assigned to NATIONAL BROACH & MACHINE COMPANY reassignment NATIONAL BROACH & MACHINE COMPANY ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. SECURITY AGREEMENT RECORDED AT REEL 5033 FRAME 0527 Assignors: DONNELLY, JOHN T., FERRETT, JAMES A., RAO, SURENDRA B., WILKINS, LEONARD J.
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21H—MAKING PARTICULAR METAL OBJECTS BY ROLLING, e.g. SCREWS, WHEELS, RINGS, BARRELS, BALLS
    • B21H5/00—Making gear wheels, racks, spline shafts or worms
    • B21H5/02—Making gear wheels, racks, spline shafts or worms with cylindrical outline, e.g. by means of die rolls
    • B21H5/022—Finishing gear teeth with cylindrical outline, e.g. burnishing
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49462—Gear making
    • Y10T29/49467—Gear shaping
    • Y10T29/49471—Roll forming

Definitions

  • gear shaving a tool in the form of a gear-like body formed of tool steel is provided with a plurality of grooves or serrations which extend between the root and crest of the teeth and which intersect the side surfaces of the teeth in sharp corners capable of removing shavings of metal from the surface of the teeth.
  • Gear shaving tools of this type are designed to operate in mesh with a work gear with the axes of the gear-and tool crossed in space. Accordingly, as the gear and tool rotate, the contacting portions of the teeth, even at the pitch line, have a component of relative motion extending from end to end of the gear teeth. This produces a sliding action which combined with the usual involute slide, produces a resultant relative sliding action which in turn causes the sharp corners provided at the surface of the cutter teeth to remove shavings of metal from the teeth of the gear.
  • the gear and gear-like die are adapted to mesh with their axes in parallelism.
  • the teeth of the die are relieved by the provision of grooves which intersect the side surfaces of the teeth in lines which occupy planes parallel to the plane of rotation, or in other words, perpendicular to the axis of the die. While these lines of intersection may produce sharp corners which may be either acute right angular or 0btuse included angles, it will be understood that these edges do not perform a cutting operation. This is because the edges, even though sharp, cannot perform a cutting operation since they are moving always in parallelism with their own length. Accordingly, they are incapable of forming chips or at least are incapable of removing metal in significant amounts.
  • the production of dies having grooved teeth as described in the foregoing involves first the production of a gear-like die by a suitable gear cutting operation such as hobbing. Thereafter, the surfaces of the teeth are green ground to approximately final dimensions, leaving however surfficient stock to provide a gear grinding operation after heat treat, and the surfaces of the teeth of the die are provided with a plurality of parallel grooves extending so as to occupy planes perpendicular to the axis of the tool.
  • This operation is normally performed by serrating cutters in the form of interrupted blades which move from the crest toward the root of the teeth.
  • the serrating blade has ribs which form the cutting edges at the end of the blade and these ribs may be shaped so as to provide grooves of different crosssectional shape.
  • the sides of the grooves may occupy planes perpendicular to the axis of the tool, in which case the included angle between each side of a groove and the adjacent uninterrupted tooth surface of the die tooth is 90 if the teeth of the die are spur teeth. If the teeth of the die are helical, the foregoing operation produces included angles at opposite sides of each rib intermediate a pair of adjacent grooves which are obtuse and acute.
  • each side of each tooth must separately be provided with the grooves and this operation is inherently time consuming and expensive.
  • each tooth surface is acted on alternately by grooved or relieved surfaces and plain or unrelieved surfaces.
  • the action of the grooved surface on the tooth surface of the gear is to produce shallow parallel indentations extending from root to crest thereof.
  • the indentations are separated by areas which have not been depressed and which accordingly project minutely above the depressed or indented area acted on by the lands of the die tooth.
  • this surface again engages the die it is acted on by a smooth uninterrupted tooth surface which accordingly will initially contact only the undepressed or unindented areas which escaped the action of the lands of the die tooth during the previous passage of the gear tooth through the zone of mesh. If the width of the lands and grooves on the die tooth are equal it will be apparent that in general the work done by the grooved teeth is exactly equal to the work done by the smooth unrelieved teeth.
  • the gear finishing operation includes a predetermined radial feed between the gear and the die to a predetermined depth, at which feed terminates and the gear and die rotate at a constant center distance. This dwell period results in all of the teeth of the gear being finished at full depth by a succession of passes of smooth uniterrupted die teeth, thus tending to produce a more uniform finish.
  • the invention has as two entirely dissimilar advantages, the savings in the processing time required to manufacture the dies and in the production of superior gears by an operation which nevertheless reduces the total force which must be applied between the gear and die.
  • FIG. 1 is a fragmentary elevational view showing a portion of a die and gear in mesh with each other.
  • FIG. 2 is a sectional view on the pitch cylinder of the die, developed into a plane, showing lands on successive teeth extending at a helical lead.
  • FIG. 3 is a view similar to FIG. 2, showing staggered lands and grooves.
  • FIG. 4 is a view similar to FIGS. 2 and 3, showing a different arrangement of lands and grooves.
  • FIG. 5 is a diagrammatic view illustrating yet another arrangement of lands and grooves.
  • FIG. 1 there is shown a portion of a work gear 10 having teeth 12 in mesh with the teeth 14 of a gear-like die 16.
  • the gear or the die In carrying out the gear-rolling operation either the gear or the die is rotated in mesh and the parts are fed towards each other, such for example as by upward movement of the die 16 to a position in which it has a predetermined center distance with respect to the gear and at which center distance the gear will be rolled to correct size and its teeth finished to predetermined dimensions.
  • FIG. 2 there is shown a sequence of teeth designated T1, T2, T3, T4, T9. It will be observed that each of the teeth has a smooth uninterrupted surface at one side and has a grooved surface at the other side. It will further be observed that a gear tooth entering into the space between the teeth Tl T2 will be engaged on opposite sides by the grooved surfaces of die teeth. On the other hand, a gear tooth entering into mesh between the teeth T2 -T3 of the die is engaged on opposite sides by smooth surfaces.
  • the tooth Tl has smooth land surfaces designated L1 and groove surfaces G1. If it is assumed that the die is rotating so that successive teeth T1, T2, etc., move in the direction of the arrow the forwardly facing tooth surfaces having the land L1 and the groove G1 is preceded by tooth T3 which is the next tooth provided with forwardly facing land surface L3 and groove G3. Similarly, the tooth T5 is the next preceding die tooth having forwardly facing land surface L5 and groove G5. Teeth T7 and T9 are also provided with forwardly facing land surfaces L7 and L9 respectively, and grooves G7 and G9 respectively.
  • dies previously suggested for use as single rolling dies it has been considered essential to provide the land surfaces in a particular pattern.
  • the die of the present invention is not so critical since after each rolling operation performed on a particular tooth of the gear by grooved surfaces of die teeth, the work gear tooth is next acted on by a pair of smooth uninterrupted die teeth.
  • the unrelieved areas or the land area on each die tooth which operates on a gear tooth shall be equal to the total areas occupied by the grooves on such die teeth.
  • This in general may be accomplished by forming lands and grooves of equal width. Where the combined land and groove width of the die teeth is evenly divisible into the length ofa gear tooth, this will insure that at all times the grooved die teeth act on one-half the area of the gear teeth, leaving the other half of the area of the gear teeth to be acted on by the smooth unrelieved surfaces.
  • the die would operate satisfactorily if all of the land areas on all of the die teeth were in line circumferentially with each other.
  • the action of the lands on the die teeth shall be distributed over the entire surface, it is preferred to provide the lands on successive teeth or on successively acting teeth (taking into account the number of teeth of the gear), so as to extend at a lead, or at least to be staggered.
  • successive teeth having lands facing in the same direction may have the lands on one tooth directly opposite the grooved surface on the adjacent similarly constituted tooth.
  • the lands on a succession of teeth may be offset from each other so that the lands on every third tooth are in circumferential alignment.
  • FIG. 3 Such an arrangement is shown in FIG. 3 where a succession of teeth T10, T11, T12 T15 is shown.
  • the tooth T has grooves G10 and lands L10 provided on the forwardly facing side of the tooth, assuming that rotation results in movement of the teeth in the direction of the arrow.
  • the next preceding tooth having forwardly facing grooves and lands is the tooth T12 and it will be observed that the grooves G12 are in circumferential alignment with the lands L10 and that the lands L12 are in circumferential alignment with the grooves G10.
  • FIG. 3 represents an arrangement in which the lands and grooves are staggered on consecutive teeth having grooved surfaces facing in the same direction.
  • the total number of tooth surfaces 2N on a die shall be divided into N smooth or uninterrupted surfaces, (N/2) grooved surfaces facing in one direction, and (N/Z) grooved surfaces facing in the opposite direction.
  • N/2 grooved surfaces facing in one direction
  • N/Z grooved surfaces facing in the opposite direction.
  • FIGS. 2 and 3 are preferred in which alternate teeth are provided with plain and grooved surfaces on the same sides (with reference to the direction of rotation), and adjacent teeth are provided with plain and grooved surfaces on opposite sides.
  • This arrangement as clearly evident from FIGS. 2 and 3 means that a gear tooth entering into the space between adjacent die teeth is engaged on opposite sides either by a pair of grooved surfaces or a pair of plain surfaces.
  • a typical die designed for use with a gear having 27 teeth is provided with 62 teeth. If the die teeth are consecutively numbered, it will be apparent that a particu' lar tooth meshing to the rear of tooth No. l on the die will next pass through mesh between die teeth N0. 27 and No. 28, and thereafter between die teeth No. 54,No. 55; No. 19,No. 20; No. 46,No. 47; etc. After 62 passes, the gear tooth will again pass through mesh between die teeth No. 62,No. l.
  • each gear tooth is engaged at opposite sides by a plain die tooth surface and a grooved die tooth surface.
  • each gear tooth may be engaged on the same side alternately by a plain and grooved die tooth surface.
  • the die 30 may be divided into segments designated 31, 32, 33 and 34. All of the teeth in alternate segments may be plain, and in the remaining segments all die teeth may be grooved. In general, it is desirable to provide an even number of segments so that at least approximately half of the side surfaces of the die teeth will be plain and the other half grooved. It is not strictly necessary for the number of teeth to equal in each segment, and where a segment contains one or more extra teeth, such segment is preferably provided with plain teeth.
  • the extreme condition is where the number of segments is about equal to one-half the number of die teeth, in which case a sequence of two plain teeth is followed by two grooved teeth, etc.
  • a gear rolling die for roll finishing gears comprising a gear-like body having teeth generally conjugate to the form required on a work gear, a substantial number of the side surfaces of the die teeth facing in each direction with respect to a given direction of rotation being provided with grooves extending in planes perpendicular to the axis of the die and defining therebetween lands also extending in planes perpendicular to the axis of the die, a further substantial number of the side surfaces of the die teeth facing in each direction with respect to the given direction of rotation being smooth continuous surfaces, all of the die tooth surfaces being either grooved or being smooth continuous surfaces.
  • a die as defined in claim 5 in which the land areas of successively acting die teeth extend at a lead around said die.
  • a die as defined in claim 1 in which substantially all of said die teethare smooth on one side and grooved on the other.
  • a die as defined in claim 1 in which approximately one-half of the die teeth are grooved on both sides, the remainder being plain on both sides.
  • a die as defined in claim 1 in which the die is divided into sections, all of the teeth in each sector being either plain or grooved on both sides.
  • a die as defined in claim 15 in which the width of said lands is substantially equal to the width of adjacent grooves.
  • a die as defined in claim 15 in which said lands and grooves are all of substantially the same width.
  • a die as defined in claim 17 in which the sum of the width of a land and groove is substantially evenly divisible into the width of a gear tooth. surface, measured from end to end thereof.
  • each die tooth is provided on one side with grooves and is smooth and uninterrupted on the other side.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Gears, Cams (AREA)
US446625A 1974-02-28 1974-02-28 Gear rolling Expired - Lifetime US3884063A (en)

Priority Applications (7)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US446625A US3884063A (en) 1974-02-28 1974-02-28 Gear rolling
CA214,587A CA1013181A (en) 1974-02-28 1974-11-25 Gear rolling
GB5418674A GB1437680A (en) 1974-02-28 1974-12-16 Gear rolling
IT54614/74A IT1026056B (it) 1974-02-28 1974-12-17 Perfezionamento ne procedimenti e dispositivi per la rifinitura di ingranaggi mediante rullatura
FR7500954A FR2262569B3 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1974-02-28 1975-01-14
JP1494775A JPS579894B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1974-02-28 1975-02-06
DE2508842A DE2508842C2 (de) 1974-02-28 1975-02-28 Zahnradförmiges Rollwerkzeug zum Feinbearbeiten der Zahnflanken von Zahnrädern

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US446625A US3884063A (en) 1974-02-28 1974-02-28 Gear rolling

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3884063A true US3884063A (en) 1975-05-20

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ID=23773272

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US446625A Expired - Lifetime US3884063A (en) 1974-02-28 1974-02-28 Gear rolling

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US3884063A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
JP (1) JPS579894B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
CA (1) CA1013181A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE2508842C2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR2262569B3 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1437680A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
IT (1) IT1026056B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4817457A (en) * 1986-08-18 1989-04-04 Quincy Technologies, Inc. Uniform wall flexspline
US20120297623A1 (en) * 2009-11-10 2012-11-29 Miba Sinter Austria Gmbh Rolling tool, apparatus and method for the production of crowned teeth, and gear
USD929077S1 (en) 2017-03-14 2021-08-31 Baby Be Mine, LLC Maternity gown

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS6114505A (ja) * 1984-06-30 1986-01-22 Tokyo Juki Ind Co Ltd 編・織物の検知方法と装置
JP5648534B2 (ja) * 2011-03-01 2015-01-07 トヨタ自動車株式会社 歯車加工装置

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3704612A (en) * 1968-04-08 1972-12-05 Hurth Masch Zahnrad Carl Toothed tool and device for chipless generation of gears
US3733886A (en) * 1970-03-07 1973-05-22 Hurth Masch Zahnrad Carl Toothed tool for working of gears

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1574052A (fr) * 1968-04-08 1969-07-11 Hurth Masch Zahnrad Carl Outil et dispositif pour l'usinage de finition, sans enlèvement de copeaux, de roues dentées cylindriques et coniques, ainsi que toute installation équipée dudit outil, dispositif ou élément similaire
GB1245715A (en) * 1968-12-18 1971-09-08 Hurth Masch Zahnrad Carl Toothed tool for non-cutting forming of gear wheels
FR2062780A5 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1969-10-08 1971-06-25 Hurth Masch Zahnrad Carl
GB1345057A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1971-09-17 1974-01-30
DE2302527A1 (de) * 1972-01-25 1973-08-02 Machine Tool Divisional Zahnradwalzverfahren

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3704612A (en) * 1968-04-08 1972-12-05 Hurth Masch Zahnrad Carl Toothed tool and device for chipless generation of gears
US3733886A (en) * 1970-03-07 1973-05-22 Hurth Masch Zahnrad Carl Toothed tool for working of gears

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4817457A (en) * 1986-08-18 1989-04-04 Quincy Technologies, Inc. Uniform wall flexspline
US20120297623A1 (en) * 2009-11-10 2012-11-29 Miba Sinter Austria Gmbh Rolling tool, apparatus and method for the production of crowned teeth, and gear
US9144837B2 (en) * 2009-11-10 2015-09-29 Miba Sinter Austria Gmbh Rolling tool, apparatus and method for the production of crowned teeth, and gear
USD929077S1 (en) 2017-03-14 2021-08-31 Baby Be Mine, LLC Maternity gown

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE2508842A1 (de) 1975-09-04
IT1026056B (it) 1978-09-20
GB1437680A (en) 1976-06-03
JPS579894B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1982-02-24
CA1013181A (en) 1977-07-05
FR2262569B3 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1977-09-30
FR2262569A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1975-09-26
DE2508842C2 (de) 1982-12-30
JPS50120463A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1975-09-20

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Owner name: ADD, INC., A MICHIGAN CORP.

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:LEAR SIEGLER, INC. A DE. CORP.;REEL/FRAME:004600/0061

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Effective date: 19910312