US3883995A - Automatic sharpening device - Google Patents

Automatic sharpening device Download PDF

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Publication number
US3883995A
US3883995A US403254A US40325473A US3883995A US 3883995 A US3883995 A US 3883995A US 403254 A US403254 A US 403254A US 40325473 A US40325473 A US 40325473A US 3883995 A US3883995 A US 3883995A
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Prior art keywords
movable block
grinding member
members
sharpening device
cylindrical grinding
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US403254A
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English (en)
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Taro Ohashi
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B3/00—Sharpening cutting edges, e.g. of tools; Accessories therefor, e.g. for holding the tools
    • B24B3/36—Sharpening cutting edges, e.g. of tools; Accessories therefor, e.g. for holding the tools of cutting blades
    • B24B3/48—Sharpening cutting edges, e.g. of tools; Accessories therefor, e.g. for holding the tools of cutting blades of razor blades or razors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B3/00—Sharpening cutting edges, e.g. of tools; Accessories therefor, e.g. for holding the tools
    • B24B3/36—Sharpening cutting edges, e.g. of tools; Accessories therefor, e.g. for holding the tools of cutting blades
    • B24B3/54—Sharpening cutting edges, e.g. of tools; Accessories therefor, e.g. for holding the tools of cutting blades of hand or table knives

Definitions

  • an automatic sharpening device comprising a movable block, a device pivotably mounted on said movable block for securing an edged tool, a cylindrical grinding member angularly disposed with respect to the moving direction of the movable block, a device for pivotally inclining said device to press down one edge portion of the edged tool upon the cylindrical grinding member, and a driving device for rotating the grinding member and reciprocating the movable block.
  • the present invention relates to an automatic sharpening device for sharpening edged tools including cutlery, and more particularly to an automatic sharpening device for a tool having an elongated blade such as a razor blade used at a barbers.
  • a blade of the razor used by a barber is not straight but slightly curved with respect to a base portion thereof and it is very difficult to sharpen the curved razor blade by sliding it on a surface of a grindstone. That is, a special and skilled technique has been needed to sharpen edged tools as razors. Moreover, grindstones do not always have flat surfaces, and this makes it more difficult to sharpen a razor blade.
  • an object of the present invention is to provide a device for automatically and evenly sharpening a blade of an edged tool such as a razor.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a device for automatically and evenly sharpening both surfaces of an elongated edge of an edged tool such as a razor.
  • a further object of the present invention is to provide an automatic sharpening device applicable for sharpening many kinds of edged tools.
  • an automatic sharpening device for sharpening an edged tool comprising a movable block reciprocable above a base plate, means pivotably mounted on the movable block for securing the edged tool, a cylindrical grinding member angularly disposed with respect to the moving direction of the movable block, means for pivotablly inclining the securing means to press down one edge side portion of theedged tool on the cylindrical grinding member, and driving means for rotating the cylindrical grinding member and reciprocating the movable block.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 are perspective views of embodiments of an automatic sharpening device of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a driving mechanism for use with the sharpening device of the present invention.
  • FIGS. 4(a), (b), (c) are partly sectioned side views of a principle mechanism of the sharpening device according to the present invention, showing how both surfaces of the edge of the edged tool are turned over to be sharpened;
  • FIG. 5 is a perspective view of an attachment for sharpening a scissor blade.
  • a base 1 there are provided on a base 1 two substantially rectangular supporting plates 2a and 2b facing each other in a predetermined spaced relation.
  • the supporting plates 2a and 2b are positioned in an upright manner and have right-angled triangular reversing guides 3a and 3b at upper portions thereof and holes 4a and 4b at lower portions thereof.
  • a movable block 5 is disposed between the supporting plates 2a and 2b .
  • the movable block 5 formed with a base portion 5a and two side portions 5b and 5c to form a U- shape.
  • the U-shaped movable block 5 has two throughholes at the side portions 5b and 56 thereof, and is suspended by two guide rods 6a and 6b which are slidably inserted into the through-holes of the movable block 5.
  • the guide rods 6a and 6b are connected at the ends thereof to the supporting plates so that the movable block 5 is suspended by and slidably movable along the guide rods 6a and 6b.
  • the movable block 5 is provided with a first axial rod 7a and a second axial rod 7b, both rods being rotatably connected to inner surfaces of the side portions 5b and 5c of the U-shaped movable block 5.
  • the both axial rods 7a and 7b are disposed parallel to one another, and the first axial rod 7a is located above the second axial rod 7b.
  • the first axial rod 7a is fixedly connected to a securing member 8, a first toothed wheel 9a, and a first arm 10.
  • the securing member 8 and the first toothed wheel 9a are disposed fixedly on the first axial rod 7a between the side portions 5b and 5c of the U-shaped movable block 5, and the first arm 10 is fixedly connected to one end of the first axial rod 7a at an outer surface of the side portion 5c of the movable block 5.
  • the securing member 8 extends over the side portion 5b at right angles to the moving direction of the movable block 5, and has means 11 for holding and securing a razor l2 and has a hook 13 for preventing a sheath portion 12a of the razor 12 from jumping away during the sharpening operation.
  • the holding means 11 firmly holds the razor 12 on the securing member 8 by an adjustment screw 11a so that an inclination of the securing member 8 about the first axial rod 7a inclines the razor 12.
  • the securing member 8 has a base portion 8a, a tip portion 8b, and an axial portion 8c so that the tip portion 8b, which receives a neck of the razor blade 12 as shown in FIG. 1, slightly moves about the axial portion 8c by providing a small space (not shown) between the tip portion 8b and the base portion 8a.
  • tension spring 15 connected at its upper end to the first arm 10 through a rod 14, and at its lower end to the side portion 5c of the movable block 5 so that the tension spring 15 travels together with the movable block 5.
  • the tension spring 15 presses down one edge portion of the edged tool such as a razor upon a cylindrical grining member, and a detail of which will be described later.
  • the second axial rod 7b is fixedly provided with a second toothed wheel 9b and a second arm 17 having a protrusion 18 adjacent its tip portion.
  • the protrusion 18 extends laterally so that it may be parallel to the second axial rod 7b.
  • the second toothed wheel 9b is so constructed that it meshes with the first toothed wheel 9a disposed above it.
  • a table 19 beside the space where the movable block 5 moves along the guide rods 6a and 6b.
  • the table 19 is so constructed that its upper surface is parallel to the surface of the base 1 as shown in FIG. 1.
  • a cylindrical grinding member 20 made of balsa is removably disposed, angularly with respect to the moving direction of the movable block 5.
  • the cylindrical grinding member 20 has an axial rod 21 extending from the sides thereof, the axial rod 21 being removably and rotatably mounted on supporting means 22.
  • the supporting means 22 is disposed on an elongated plate 23 which is pivotably connected to the table 19 by a pin 24 so that the grinding member 20 may be pivoted about the pin 24 to vary the angle between the longitudinal axis of the cylindrical grinding member 20 and the travelling direction of the movable block 5.
  • the cylindrical grinding member 20 pivots about the pin 24 so that the angle of the cylindrical grinding member with respect to the moving direction may be altered by moving the elongated member 23.
  • the elongated member 23 has a bolt and a threaded hole (not shown) for the bolt on its one end.
  • a guage plate 26 which is provided on the table 19
  • the elongated member is fixed on the table 19 by the bolt 25 to fix the angle of the cylindrical grinding member 20.
  • a guide bar 44 there may preferably be disposed a guide bar 44, one end of which is connected to the supporting plate 2a and the other end of which is connected to the other supporting plate 2b.
  • the guide bar 44 is inclined and has a slope with respect to a surface of the base plate 1 such that the guide bar 44 is acclivous toward the supporting plate 2b.
  • the tension spring 15, the upper end of which is connected directly to the first arm 10 has at its lowest end a block 16 having a through hole through which the guide bar 44 is movably inserted. The tension spring is then 15 movable along the guide bar 44 together with the movable block 5.
  • the tension spring 15 acts so as to press the edged portion of the razor 12 upon the cylindrical grinding member 20 with a greater tension as the movable block 5 travels toward the supporting plate 2a since the guide bar 14 is inclined with respect to the surface of the base 1 in such a manner that it is acclivous toward the supporting plate 2b as described above.
  • the edged portion of the razor is evenly pressed upon the cylindrical grinding member 20, thereby grinding and sharpening the razor evenly.
  • the embodiment of the guide bar presents a great advantage particularly when it is desired to sharpen a razor blade, the edge of which is curved.
  • a driving means is provided between the table 19 and the base 1 for rotating the cylindrical grinding member 20 and reciprocating the movable block 5 along the guide rods 6a and 6b, a detailed mechanism of which.
  • a rope-pulley'27 is operatively connected to a second rope-pulley 28 by an endless rope 29 passing under two grooved wheels 30a and 30b.
  • the rope-pulley 28 is located adjacent a toothed wheel 31 of the grinding member 20 and fixedly connected to a toothed wheel 32.
  • the toothed wheels 31 and 32 are meshed with each other so that the ropepulley rotates the grinding member 20.
  • the rope-pulley 27 has a disc member 33, which has a diameter smaller '1 than the radius of the rope-pulley 27, between the center and the circumference of the rope-pulley.
  • the disc member 33 has a shaft 34, and a pin 35.
  • the shaft 34 is rotatably connected at its one end to an eccentric portion of the disc member 33 and the other end thereof is rotatably connected to a disc 36.
  • the pin 35 laterally extends from an edge of the disc member 33, and an arc-shaped plate spring 37 having grooves 37a and 37b at both its ends is disposed adjacent to the disc member 33 so that the groove 37a is positioned adjacent to the circumference of the rope-pulley 27 and that the other groove 37b is positioned adjacent to an axis of the rope-pulley.
  • the pin 35 engages either the groove 37a or the groove 37b.
  • the pin 35 When a razor is sharpened, the pin 35 is secured and positioned at the groove 37a to lengthen the stroke of the shaft 34 so that the movable block 5 fully travels along the guide rods 6a and 6b until the protrusion 18 on the second arm 17 is pushed downward to turnover or reverse the razor.
  • the pin 35 is positioned at the other groove 37b so as to shorten the stroke of the shaft 34.
  • the shorter stroke of the shaft 34 makes the movable block 5 travel for a shorter distance along the guide rods 6a and 6b so that the protrusion 18 of the second arm 17 does not touch the reversing guides 3a and 3b.
  • the securing member is not reversed, i.e., does not turn over.
  • the disc 36 comprises thereon a deltoid pinion 38 which meshes with an elongated rack 39.
  • the rack 39 is fixedly connected to the movable block 5, whereby a pivotal movement of the disc 36 reciprocates the movable block 5.
  • the pulley 27 is connected by a rod 40 with a worm wheel 41 which is rotated by a motor 42 through a worm 43.
  • the motor 42 rotates the cylindrical grinding member 20 and reciprocates the movable block 5.
  • the motor 42 rotates the pulley 27 by way of the worm 43 and the worm wheel 41. Then the pulley rotates the grinding member 20 and at the same time pivots the disc 36 through the shaft 34. The pivotal movement of the disc 36 allows the rack 39 to gether with the movable block 5 to move reciprocally by way of the deltoid pinion.
  • the pin 35 may be positioned at and engaged with the other groove 37a by operating a handle 52 in order to change a reciprocating stroke of the shaft 34, thereby changing the reciprocating distance of the movable block 5.
  • This construction is of use particularly for a case in which an edged tool does not have to be reversed for sharpening both surfaces of the edge, as described before.
  • the reciprocating stroke of the shaft 34 should be shorter so that the movable block 5 does not travel further along the guide rods 6a and 6b after the protrusion of the second arm 17 approaches the triangular reversing guides 3a and 3b.
  • FIGS. 4(a), (b) and (c) it is shown how an edged tool such as a razor 12, which is secured by the securing member 8, is reversed or turned over while the movable block 5 is reciprocated.
  • securing member 8 is inclined to the right hand side of the drawing by the tension of the tension spring 15 so that an edge surface of the razor 12 is pressed on the cylindrical grinding member 20.
  • the movable block 5 travels along the guide rods 6a and 6b (shown in FIG. 1) toward the right hand side in the drawing, i.e. toward the supporting member 2b, while the razor 12 is being ground by the cylindrical grinding member 20 rotated by the driving mechanism shown in FIG. 3.
  • the first arm 10 also rotates into the upright position, and the inclined securing member 8 also turns to stand erect against the tension of the tension spring 15, as shown in FIG. 4(b). Then, a little further advancement of the movable block 5 from the position shown in FIG. 4(b) makes the second arm 17 rotate further, and at this instance, the erected securing member 8 is forced to be inclined toward the left hand side by the tension of the tension spring 15. After the securing member 8 is inclined toward the left hand side, the movable block 5 starts travelling again toward the supporting member 2a as shown in FIG. 4(c).
  • FIG. 5 shows an attachment 46 for sharpening a scissor blade 47.
  • the attachment 46 is mounted on the movable block 5 and comprises means 48 for adjusting the angle of contact of the scissor blade 47 with the cylindrical grinding member 20.
  • 'a bar 49 is disposed so that one end is positioned on a spring 500 and the other end is positioned on another spring 50b shown in FIG. 1.
  • the 'tension of the spring 50a is stronger than that of the other spring 50b.
  • Both springs are disposed on the supporting plate 2a and 2b.
  • the attachment 46 also has a member 51 having a wheel 51a so that the member 51 with wheel 51a trav els on the bar 49.
  • the scissor blade Since the bar 49 is supported by the stronger tension spring 50a and the weaker tension spring 50b, the scissor blade, an edge portion of which is usually curved and warped toward a tip thereof, is pressed with stronger pressure as the attachment 46 and the movable block 5 travel toward the supporting member 2a. By the construction described, the whole edged portion of the scissor blade can be sharpened evenly. In other words, the strong tension spring 50a and the weaker tension spring 50b allow the scissor blade to be sharpened evenly since the scissor blade is not straight but slightly curved.
  • the driving mechanism shown in FIG. 3 rotates the grinding member 20 and reciprocates the movable block 5 along 6 the guide rods 6a and 6b together with an attachment 46 which holds the scissor blade 47.
  • the edged tools can'be sharpened automatically and quite easily by an unskilled person.
  • the construction of the present invention allows the edged tools to be sharpened uniformly even when the edge' of the tool is curved, since the sharpening operation is achieved in a point-contact manner.
  • not only a razor which is sharpened on both edge surfaces but also a scissor blade or the like which needs sharpening only on one edge surface can be sharpened automatically and evenly by controlling the travelling distance of the movable block.
  • the combination of the acclivous guide bar 44 and the tension spring which are preferably embodied can present a much more uniform sharpening operation.
  • the razor 12 may be secured by the securing member so that the edged portion thereof may face the advancing direction of the travel of the razor together with the movable block 5, though FIGSfl and 2 show that the razor 12 is secured with its edge portion back toward the advancing direction of the travel thereof.
  • An automatic sharpening device for sharpening an edged tool comprising:
  • a member for holding said edgedtool angularly with respect to the axis of said cylindrical grinding member said holding member being pivotally mounted on said movable block and having a first inclined position where one side of said edged tool contacts said grinding member and a second inclined position in which the other side of said edged tool contacts said grinding member;
  • a spring means for biasing said holding member to said first inclined position while said movable block moves in one direction away from one of said supporting members and biasing said holding member to said second inclined position while said movable block moves in the opposite direction away from the other of said supporting members, said spring means being connected at one end to said movable block and operatively connected at the other end to said holding member;
  • said holding member has a first fixed axial member rotatably supported on said movable block, said first axial member being fixedly provided with a first arm having two end portions, said spring means being connected at one of said end portions thereof, a second axial member rotatably supported on said movable block and having a second gear fixed thereon, a first gear member which is engaged with said second gear, said second axial member being fixedly provided with a second arm cooperable with said guide members, said second arm being swung in one direction and then in the other opposite direction when cooperated with said guide members, thereby turning said holding member to said first and second positions at both ends of said grinding member.
  • An automatic sharpening device as claimed in claim 1, further comprising an attachment for sharpening scissors on said cylindrical grinding member, said attachment being mounted on said movable block and having means for adjusting angles of contact of the scissors with said cylindrical grinding member.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Finish Polishing, Edge Sharpening, And Grinding By Specific Grinding Devices (AREA)
US403254A 1973-07-04 1973-10-03 Automatic sharpening device Expired - Lifetime US3883995A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP1973079548U JPS5027490U (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1973-07-04 1973-07-04

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US3883995A true US3883995A (en) 1975-05-20

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US403254A Expired - Lifetime US3883995A (en) 1973-07-04 1973-10-03 Automatic sharpening device

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US (1) US3883995A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
JP (1) JPS5027490U (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE2353116A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR2236352A5 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1388519A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
IT (1) IT1002137B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4602531A (en) * 1984-02-13 1986-07-29 Korhonen K J Process and apparatus for sharpening of knives
US4961288A (en) * 1987-03-28 1990-10-09 Martek Limited Apparatus for sharpening edge tools
US5155939A (en) * 1990-07-25 1992-10-20 Arnold Deppeler S.A. Apparatus for grinding cutting instruments
US5274958A (en) * 1991-04-19 1994-01-04 The Original Honey Baked Ham Co. Of Georgia, Inc. Sharpening system especially suitable for spiral meat slicing blade
US5938511A (en) * 1997-11-21 1999-08-17 Patterson; James D. Grinding guide assembly
US6168509B1 (en) * 1998-03-07 2001-01-02 S. Brock Presgrove Manual knife sharpening device
CN102922374A (zh) * 2012-10-29 2013-02-13 深圳深蓝精机有限公司 用于研磨长杆状刀具的治具
CN106335012A (zh) * 2016-09-30 2017-01-18 李建民 一种铅笔刀片的磨刀方法及装置
CN110064977A (zh) * 2019-05-07 2019-07-30 王清 一种可转位刀片下压快速转角治具
CN110625451A (zh) * 2018-06-20 2019-12-31 熊生银 能青口的自动磨刀机
CN111331465A (zh) * 2020-03-03 2020-06-26 和县晶晶玻璃制品有限公司 一种超白钢化玻璃加工用侧边磨削装置及方法

Families Citing this family (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2529782B2 (ja) * 1991-03-16 1996-09-04 東京電力株式会社 ナトリウム−硫黄電池の消火方法
DE4406357A1 (de) * 1994-02-26 1995-10-05 Scharting Mestechnik Gmbh Schärfeinrichtung für Haushalt, Gastronomie, Handwerk, Krankenanstalten, Ärzte, Handel, und Industrie
RU2163528C1 (ru) * 2000-06-27 2001-02-27 Ульяновский государственный технический университет Способ заточки режущего лезвия инструмента
RU2163530C1 (ru) * 2000-06-27 2001-02-27 Ульяновский государственный технический университет Способ заточки режущего лезвия инструмента
RU2163529C1 (ru) * 2000-06-27 2001-02-27 Ульяновский государственный технический университет Способ заточки режущего лезвия инструмента
RU2163527C1 (ru) * 2000-06-27 2001-02-27 Ульяновский государственный технический университет Способ заточки режущего лезвия инструмента
RU2165838C1 (ru) * 2000-06-27 2001-04-27 Ульяновский государственный технический университет Способ заточки режущего лезвия инструмента
US9902047B1 (en) * 2015-07-17 2018-02-27 Razor Edge Systems, Inc. Sharpening apparatus for scissors
CN109333179B (zh) * 2018-09-17 2020-12-11 杨聪 一种电动羊毛剪刀片打磨机
CN112536603A (zh) * 2020-12-07 2021-03-23 浙江海洋大学 一种机械加工设备

Citations (10)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US207717A (en) * 1878-09-03 Improvement in wood-polishing machines
US1087527A (en) * 1913-03-08 1914-02-17 Charles R Button Grinder.
US1126891A (en) * 1914-02-27 1915-02-02 John H Sheppard Shear-grinder.
US2637150A (en) * 1951-10-31 1953-05-05 Hollister A Mcquary Work holder for grinding machines
US2663976A (en) * 1949-11-30 1953-12-29 Jr George W Jacoby Device for sharpening hypodermic needles and other instruments
US2697900A (en) * 1953-05-12 1954-12-28 Du Pont Lapping method
US3016658A (en) * 1961-02-14 1962-01-16 Kenneth S Pondexter Sharpener and driving means therefor
US3574268A (en) * 1969-02-19 1971-04-13 Frederick A Buse Tool sharpening apparatus
US3618268A (en) * 1969-09-04 1971-11-09 Joseph Sunnen Stroke position control means
US3768211A (en) * 1969-09-18 1973-10-30 Motorola Inc Apparatus for profiling bonding needles

Patent Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US207717A (en) * 1878-09-03 Improvement in wood-polishing machines
US1087527A (en) * 1913-03-08 1914-02-17 Charles R Button Grinder.
US1126891A (en) * 1914-02-27 1915-02-02 John H Sheppard Shear-grinder.
US2663976A (en) * 1949-11-30 1953-12-29 Jr George W Jacoby Device for sharpening hypodermic needles and other instruments
US2637150A (en) * 1951-10-31 1953-05-05 Hollister A Mcquary Work holder for grinding machines
US2697900A (en) * 1953-05-12 1954-12-28 Du Pont Lapping method
US3016658A (en) * 1961-02-14 1962-01-16 Kenneth S Pondexter Sharpener and driving means therefor
US3574268A (en) * 1969-02-19 1971-04-13 Frederick A Buse Tool sharpening apparatus
US3618268A (en) * 1969-09-04 1971-11-09 Joseph Sunnen Stroke position control means
US3768211A (en) * 1969-09-18 1973-10-30 Motorola Inc Apparatus for profiling bonding needles

Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4602531A (en) * 1984-02-13 1986-07-29 Korhonen K J Process and apparatus for sharpening of knives
US4961288A (en) * 1987-03-28 1990-10-09 Martek Limited Apparatus for sharpening edge tools
US5155939A (en) * 1990-07-25 1992-10-20 Arnold Deppeler S.A. Apparatus for grinding cutting instruments
US5274958A (en) * 1991-04-19 1994-01-04 The Original Honey Baked Ham Co. Of Georgia, Inc. Sharpening system especially suitable for spiral meat slicing blade
US5938511A (en) * 1997-11-21 1999-08-17 Patterson; James D. Grinding guide assembly
US6168509B1 (en) * 1998-03-07 2001-01-02 S. Brock Presgrove Manual knife sharpening device
CN102922374A (zh) * 2012-10-29 2013-02-13 深圳深蓝精机有限公司 用于研磨长杆状刀具的治具
CN106335012A (zh) * 2016-09-30 2017-01-18 李建民 一种铅笔刀片的磨刀方法及装置
CN110625451A (zh) * 2018-06-20 2019-12-31 熊生银 能青口的自动磨刀机
CN110064977A (zh) * 2019-05-07 2019-07-30 王清 一种可转位刀片下压快速转角治具
CN110064977B (zh) * 2019-05-07 2024-04-02 王清 一种可转位刀片下压快速转角治具
CN111331465A (zh) * 2020-03-03 2020-06-26 和县晶晶玻璃制品有限公司 一种超白钢化玻璃加工用侧边磨削装置及方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2236352A5 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1975-01-31
DE2353116A1 (de) 1975-01-23
GB1388519A (en) 1975-03-26
JPS5027490U (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1975-03-29
IT1002137B (it) 1976-05-20

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