US3883290A - Apparatus for the production of hot gases - Google Patents

Apparatus for the production of hot gases Download PDF

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Publication number
US3883290A
US3883290A US303601A US30360172A US3883290A US 3883290 A US3883290 A US 3883290A US 303601 A US303601 A US 303601A US 30360172 A US30360172 A US 30360172A US 3883290 A US3883290 A US 3883290A
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United States
Prior art keywords
guide pipe
burner
elongated guide
shroud
ignition
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Expired - Lifetime
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US303601A
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English (en)
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Herbert Windelbandt
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Individual
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Individual
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Priority claimed from DE19712155055 external-priority patent/DE2155055C3/de
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H3/00—Air heaters
    • F24H3/02—Air heaters with forced circulation
    • F24H3/04—Air heaters with forced circulation the air being in direct contact with the heating medium, e.g. electric heating element
    • F24H3/0488—Air heaters with forced circulation the air being in direct contact with the heating medium, e.g. electric heating element using fluid fuel
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]

Definitions

  • the apparatus utilizes a radial blower which produces an annular twisting current of air within a guide pipe with there being mounted within the interior of the air current means for supplying jets of a fuel gas and ignition means for periodically igniting the jets of fuel gas in a manner wherein ignition of the fuel gas is assured and complete combustion thereof is effected within the apparatus so that the possibility of explosions is eliminated and the hot gases discharging from the apparatus are free of flame.
  • the flow of air currents also provides an insulating boundary layer which maintains the exterior of the apparatus at a temperature only slightly greater than ambient temperature.
  • the invention relates to an apparatus for the production of hot gases, consisting of a guide pipe, a burner arrangement disposed concentrically in the pipe and connected with a supply pipe for fuel gas, an ignition arrangement for the burner, and an axial blower disposed behind the burner.
  • the German published application OS 20,03,173 discloses an apparatus for the production of hot gases, which apparatus is used for shrinking of thermoplastic plastic sheets.
  • the prior apparatus consists of a perpendicularly standing, pipe-like housing, which has a pipe elbow pointing horizontally at its upper end.
  • a radial blower is disposed, which directs combustion air toward a pipe-shaped combustion chamber disposed concentrically inside the housing, and which serves at the same time as support for a fuel gas pipe provided with a burner.
  • a spark plug provided with two electrodes is disposed at an axial distance from the burner in the combustion chamber.
  • the invention is based on the objective of creating an apparatus for the production of hot gases, which will avoid the deficiencies of the prior apparatus, especially an apparatus which also is suitable to a great advantage for the shrinking treatment of plastic wraps.
  • the invention starts out from the realization that the solution of the problem is to be found in an improvement of the flow conditions on the one hand and in the improvement of the ignition conditions on the other hand.
  • the exit opening of the axial blower is connected with the guide pipe in concentric alignment and without interposition of a reversing member.
  • a spinning flow free of breakdowns is produced which causes an excellent turbulence of the fedin fuel gas.
  • the fuel gas will not spread out over the entire cross section of the guide pipe as a result of the flow resistances in the burner, but will pass through a concentrically smaller cross section.
  • the developed stream of hot gas is surrounded at the same time by a wreath of air current, which insulates the wall of the guide pipe against too intensive heating.
  • a further insulating effect with simultaneous preheating of the combustion air will be achieved advantageously by the fact that the guide pipe is encompassed by a concentric housing ofa larger diameter, which has air inlet apertures at its front end, and that the annular conduit formed by the guide pipe and the housing is connected with the blower inlet as an additional air inlet conduit.
  • a further important characteristic of the invention consists in the fact that the ignition arrangement disposed in the air current of the axial blower is constituted by an electrode pin connectable with the ignition voltage and the burner housing, connected to ground, and likewise disposed in the air stream of the axial blower, and that at least one of the exit conduits of the burner is directed in the area of the electrode pin.
  • the hollow cylindrical axial flow develops two distinct cylindrical boundary layers, namely an inside boundary layer within which a return or suction current is formed, and an outside boundary layer which runs more or less far away from the wall of the guide pipe, depending on the discharge velocity of discharge energy of fuel emerging from the burner nozzle.
  • a concentric circular disk is disposed at a distance in front of the hub of the axial blower on the exit side, the diameter of which disk is about equal to that of the hub, namely about two-thirds of the diameter of the guide pipe.
  • This circular disk does not impede the spinning current of the air supplied by the axial blower. Rather, it flows unimpeded in a direction toward the discharge opening of the guide pipe.
  • the burner is attached on a central plate, which is disposed at a distance in front of the circular disk and which plate has a somewhat smaller diameter as compared to the disk.
  • FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view through the portable hot gas producing apparatus.
  • FIG. 2 is a side view of the apparatus according to FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic presentation of the flow conditions in the apparatus.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic cross sectional view through the flow medii, taken along the line IVIV in FIG. 3 and showing the temperature zones.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic illustration of the burner and the ignition arrangement.
  • FIG. 6 is a longitudinal sectional view through a guide pipe of the apparatus according to the invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a transverse sectional view taken generally along the line VIIVII in FIG. 6.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 there is illustrated a portable apparatus for the production of hot gases in order to shrink plastic wraps with the hot gases, which wraps have been placed on goods stacked on pallets.
  • the apparatus consists of a housing 1, a guide pipe 2 for the hot gas produced, a burner 3, an ignition arrangement 4, a fuel gas conduit 5, an axial blower 6 having a motor of the external rotor type, and a handle 7 as well as electric supply cables 8.
  • the blower 6 disposed in the rear part of the housing I is an axial blower disposed concentrically in the front part of the housing 1, and a discharge opening of which opens into the guide pipe. Between the guide pipe 2 and the housing 1 a chamber 9 in the shape of an annular gap has been formed. At the front end of the housing 1 there are staggered openings 10. The blower 6 sucks in air through the openings 10 and the chamber 9. Additional air is received through openings II at the rear end of the housing I. The combustion air leaves the blower in the form of a spinning current. Such a spinning current has a density which increases from the axis outward as a result of the centrifugal forces. In the area of the axis the density practically equals zero.
  • the end of the gas conduit 5, bent in an axial direction has mounted thereon the burner 3 having radial discharge conduits 12 opening radially outwardly in front of the axial blower 6.
  • the ignition arrangement 4 is provided for the burner 3.
  • the ignition arrangement as shown in FIG. 5 on an enlarged scale, consists of an electrode pin 14 resting in a ceramic insulating holder 13, the free end of which projects into the area of the extension of one of the discharge conduits 12 of the burner 3.
  • the electrode pin 14 is connected with an ignition device 15 which transforms a usual electric alternating current into a high voltage ignition current of about IOKV and Hz.
  • a command key 16 is disposed in one of the phases of the supply conduit.
  • the fuel gas conduit 5 itself forms a ground or is grounded at a point 20.
  • the magnetic valve 19 is opened and fuel gas flows from the burner 3 into the combustion air delivered by the axial blower 6.
  • a periodic spark-over from the electrode pin to the burner 3 takes place whereby the stream of fuel gas emerging in the direction of the electrode pin is ionized and as a result a particularly quick and sure sparkover together with delay-free ignition takes place.
  • the fuel gas As shown in FIG. 3, is likewise given a spinning movement, whereby the current of fuel gas has a more or less large diameter depending on its flow energy.
  • FIG. 3 shows schematically in heavy lines the course of the flow of the fuel gas-air mixture or of the current 21 of hot gas and the flow 22 with pure air. It turns out that close to the housing axis there is no flow.
  • the fuel gas-air mixture after flowing a short distance burns completely, becoming a hot gas, and forms as shown in FIG. 4, a wreath-shaped spinning gas current 21 with a temperature of about 1000C.
  • This very hot gas current is sheathed by the air current 22 which, as experiments have shown, has a considerably lower temperature and which contributes in keeping the guide pipe 2 relatively cool. Practical experiments indicate the guide pipe 2 having a temperature of about to C.
  • FIG. 1 there is shown in the area of the burner 3 a guide ring 23 surrounding the burner 3 and the ignition arrangement 4.
  • the guide ring serves to achieve a mechanical reversal of the fuel gas with the most favorable, selected flow diameter. Whenever the diameter of the selected guide ring 23 is too small, this results in an incomplete combustion with a helically guided and emerging flame. In the case of a correct se lection of the diameter of the guide ring the temperature distribution shown in FIG. 4 results. It may be more advantageous to throttle the combustion conduit 5 instead of using the guide ring.
  • the housing will be cooled additionally from the outside. At the same time the combustion air is preheated to a small degree.
  • the new apparatus provides for a faultless explosion-free ignition and complete combustion of the fuel gas, and is very well suited as a hand tool for shrinking of packaging foils.
  • the practical arrangement of the stirrup shaped handle 7 also contributes to this.
  • FIG. 6 there is shown a modified construction of the apparatus according to the invention.
  • the housing 1 is not shown.
  • the blower 6 is mounted concentric with the guide pipe 2 on a bridge 24 connected firmly with the guide pipe 2.
  • the diamaeter d of the hub of the blower 6 is approximately two-thirds of the diameter of the guide pipe 2.
  • the burner 3 is attached to the holder 25, which extends axially in the guide pipe 2, and is mounted on a bridge 26, through which the fuel gas supply conduit 5 is guided.
  • a concen tric circular disk 27 is attached at a small distance in front of the hub of the axial blower 6 on the discharge side, the diameter d of the disk being equal to the diameter of the hub, so that the periphery of the circular disk 27 touches the inner boundary layer 28 of the conveyed air current 29, but does not impede it.
  • a part 30 of the flow 29 is conducted along the boundary layer 28 inward together with cold air into the area of the axial blower 6 and there acts as a cooling current.
  • a likewise concentric plate 31 is attached to the holder 25, the diameter of the plate 31 being smaller than that of the circular disk 27, but the periphery of which likewise extends to the boundary layer 28, the inside diameter of which is somewhat smaller in this area.
  • the air current 29 supplied by the axial blower revolves around its longitudinal axis and forms a hollow cylinder, the inside limit of which is the boundary layer 28 and the outside limit being defined by the inside wall of the guide pipe 2.
  • the fuel gas is injected radially from the burner 3 into this hollow flow cylinder.
  • a hot gas hollow cylinder 21 consisting of a flame and hot combustion gases is formed after ignition, the inside boundary layer of which again corresponds to the line 28, and the outside boundary layer of which is designated by 32.
  • the temperature inside the boundary layers 28 and 32 is approximately 900C.
  • the width of this hollow cylinder 22 is, for example, about 5mm.
  • Apparatus for the production of hot gases comprising an elongated guide pipe having a longitudinal axis and a discharge opening, a burner disposed concentrically within and relative to said guide pipe, said burner including nozzle means for directing fuel generally radially outwardly of the longitudinal axis, conduit means for connecting said burner nozzle means to a source of combustible fuel, ignition means adjacent said burner for igniting the combustible fuel being discharged from said burner nozzle means, an axial blower disposed concentrically within and relative to said guide pipe for creating a swirling air stream through said guide pipe toward said discharge opening, said swirling air stream including low volume air flow along said longitudinal axis and higher volume air flow radially outwardly therefrom, said burner and ignition means being disposed between said blower and said discharge opening, and said ignition means being disposed within said area of low volume flow whereby fuel directed radially outwardly of said nozzle means toward said guide pipe when ignited creates flames directed radially outwardly from said burner into the swirl
  • said ignition means includes electrode pin means for igniting the combustible fuel being discharged from said burner nozzle means, means for creating an ignition spark through said electrode pin means for igniting the combustible fuel within said area of low volume flow, electromagnetic valve means for opening and closing said conduit means, and electrical circuit means which includes said electromagnetic valve means and said electrode pin means.
  • the apparatus as defined in claim 1 including a generally cylindrical shroud surrounding said elongated guide pipe.
  • the apparatus as defined in claim 1 including a generally cylindrical shroud surrounding said elongated guide pipe, said shroud being at least in part in spaced relationship to said elongated guide pipe, and aperture means in said shroud adjacent the discharge opening of said elongated guide pipe for drawing air therethrough by said axial blower between said shroud and said elongated guide pipe whereby said shroud is maintained relatively cool during the operation of said apparatus.
  • the apparatus as defined in claim 1 including a pair of generally circular disks disposed concentrically within said guide pipe, one adjacent said axial blower and one remote therefrom for assisting in the formation of the low volume air flow of said air stream.
  • nozzle means include a plurality of generally radially outwardly directed nozzle openings.
  • nozzle means include a plurality of generally radially outwardly directed nozzle openings.
  • the apparatus as defined in claim 2 including a generally cylindrical shroud surrounding said elongated guide pipe. said shroud being at least in part in spaced relationship to said elongated guide pipe, and aperture means in said shroud adjacent the discharge opening of said elongated guide pipe for drawing air therethrough by said axial blower between said shroud and said elongated guide pipe whereby said shroud is maintained relatively cool during the operation of said apparatus.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Gas Burners (AREA)
  • Pre-Mixing And Non-Premixing Gas Burner (AREA)
  • Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)
  • Direct Air Heating By Heater Or Combustion Gas (AREA)
US303601A 1971-11-05 1972-11-03 Apparatus for the production of hot gases Expired - Lifetime US3883290A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19712155055 DE2155055C3 (de) 1971-11-05 Heißlufterzeuger
DE19722231345 DE2231345B2 (de) 1971-11-05 1972-06-27 Heisslufterzeuger

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US3883290A true US3883290A (en) 1975-05-13

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US (1) US3883290A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
JP (1) JPS4854531A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
AT (1) AT335357B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
BE (1) BE790982A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
CH (1) CH544914A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE2231345B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR2159975A5 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1389428A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
NL (1) NL7214938A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
SE (1) SE386731B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (21)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4081238A (en) * 1975-08-08 1978-03-28 Koehring Company Portable heater
US4087234A (en) * 1975-12-31 1978-05-02 Delyannis David S Method and apparatus for burning fuel
US4089642A (en) * 1976-05-03 1978-05-16 Koehring Company Portable space heater
US4137041A (en) * 1976-05-06 1979-01-30 Jetaire Company Limited Heaters
US4295822A (en) * 1979-10-01 1981-10-20 Campbell Crom B Producer gas fueled burner system and drying apparatus
FR2635855A1 (fr) * 1988-08-26 1990-03-02 Socoa Generateur d'air chaud a chauffage direct pour sechoir a grains
US5344314A (en) * 1993-04-09 1994-09-06 Shrinkfast Marketing Turbine device for hot air generation
US5649824A (en) * 1995-02-21 1997-07-22 Stagg; Stanley E. Portable heating device
WO2005106326A1 (en) * 2004-04-30 2005-11-10 Icopal A/S Gas fired heating device and a method of generating a flow of hot hair
USD663814S1 (en) 2012-01-26 2012-07-17 Procom Heating, Inc. Portable heater
USD663812S1 (en) 2012-01-26 2012-07-17 Procom Heating, Inc. Portable heater
USD663815S1 (en) 2012-01-26 2012-07-17 Procom Heating, Inc. Portable heater
USD663813S1 (en) 2012-01-26 2012-07-17 Procom Heating, Inc. Portable heater
USD670369S1 (en) 2012-01-26 2012-11-06 Procom Heating, Inc Portable heater
USD670796S1 (en) 2012-01-26 2012-11-13 Procom Heating, Inc. Portable heater
USD670798S1 (en) 2012-01-26 2012-11-13 Procom Heating, Inc Portable heater
USD670797S1 (en) 2012-01-26 2012-11-13 Procom Heating, Inc Portable heater
US9267704B1 (en) 2012-01-26 2016-02-23 Procom Heating, Inc. Portable heater housing
WO2018050277A1 (de) * 2016-09-15 2018-03-22 Elektro-Thermit Gmbh & Co. Kg Vorwärmbrenner für aluminothermische schweissungen
US9927144B2 (en) * 2006-12-12 2018-03-27 Enerco Group, Inc. Forced air heater including multiple on-board sources of electric energy
US20210396187A1 (en) * 2020-06-19 2021-12-23 Man Energy Solutions Se Gas supply system for a gas engine or dual-fuel engine and method for operating the same

Families Citing this family (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4681532A (en) * 1985-05-02 1987-07-21 Landy Chung Boiler furnace air register
US4975045A (en) * 1986-04-23 1990-12-04 Eagleair, Inc. Burner register with dual inlet air valves
DE3633512A1 (de) * 1986-10-02 1988-04-14 Kloeckner Humboldt Deutz Ag Luftvorwaermvorrichtung fuer eine brennkraftmaschine
JPH03113239A (ja) * 1989-09-27 1991-05-14 Noritz Corp 温風暖房装置
DE19925276A1 (de) * 1999-06-02 2000-12-07 Ruhrgas Ag Brenner, insbesondere Gasbrenner zum Erwärmen eines Luftstromes
DE102007037971B4 (de) * 2007-08-11 2018-11-29 Gvp Gesellschaft Zur Vermarktung Der Porenbrennertechnik Mbh Heißluftgebläse
CN106091688B (zh) * 2016-07-27 2019-01-08 浙江品创知识产权服务有限公司 一种用于生产节能材料的加热炉

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2738837A (en) * 1952-03-01 1956-03-20 John J Mcgillis Rotary oil burners
US2935128A (en) * 1957-06-06 1960-05-03 Nat Airoil Burner Company Inc High pressure gas burners
US3160401A (en) * 1962-05-23 1964-12-08 Aeroil Prod Space heater with flame spreader
US3306335A (en) * 1964-11-03 1967-02-28 Charles H Myers Gas space heater
US3311456A (en) * 1963-03-21 1967-03-28 Universal Oil Prod Co Apparatus for incinerating a waste gas stream
US3439995A (en) * 1966-09-30 1969-04-22 Crown Sangyo Kk Spark ignited gas burner
US3462133A (en) * 1967-10-30 1969-08-19 Butler Manufacturing Co Gas burner for heating moving air
US3645511A (en) * 1970-03-18 1972-02-29 Afe Ind Inc Pilot for gas burner

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2738837A (en) * 1952-03-01 1956-03-20 John J Mcgillis Rotary oil burners
US2935128A (en) * 1957-06-06 1960-05-03 Nat Airoil Burner Company Inc High pressure gas burners
US3160401A (en) * 1962-05-23 1964-12-08 Aeroil Prod Space heater with flame spreader
US3311456A (en) * 1963-03-21 1967-03-28 Universal Oil Prod Co Apparatus for incinerating a waste gas stream
US3306335A (en) * 1964-11-03 1967-02-28 Charles H Myers Gas space heater
US3439995A (en) * 1966-09-30 1969-04-22 Crown Sangyo Kk Spark ignited gas burner
US3462133A (en) * 1967-10-30 1969-08-19 Butler Manufacturing Co Gas burner for heating moving air
US3645511A (en) * 1970-03-18 1972-02-29 Afe Ind Inc Pilot for gas burner

Cited By (25)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4081238A (en) * 1975-08-08 1978-03-28 Koehring Company Portable heater
US4087234A (en) * 1975-12-31 1978-05-02 Delyannis David S Method and apparatus for burning fuel
US4089642A (en) * 1976-05-03 1978-05-16 Koehring Company Portable space heater
US4137041A (en) * 1976-05-06 1979-01-30 Jetaire Company Limited Heaters
US4295822A (en) * 1979-10-01 1981-10-20 Campbell Crom B Producer gas fueled burner system and drying apparatus
FR2635855A1 (fr) * 1988-08-26 1990-03-02 Socoa Generateur d'air chaud a chauffage direct pour sechoir a grains
US5344314A (en) * 1993-04-09 1994-09-06 Shrinkfast Marketing Turbine device for hot air generation
US5476378A (en) * 1993-04-09 1995-12-19 Shrinkfast Marketing Turbine device for hot air generation
US5649824A (en) * 1995-02-21 1997-07-22 Stagg; Stanley E. Portable heating device
WO2005106326A1 (en) * 2004-04-30 2005-11-10 Icopal A/S Gas fired heating device and a method of generating a flow of hot hair
US20070231755A1 (en) * 2004-04-30 2007-10-04 Icopal A/S Gas Fired Heating Device and a Method of Generating a Flow of Hot Air
US10495344B2 (en) * 2006-12-12 2019-12-03 Enerco Group, Inc. Forced air heater including multiple on-board sources of electric energy
US9927144B2 (en) * 2006-12-12 2018-03-27 Enerco Group, Inc. Forced air heater including multiple on-board sources of electric energy
USD663812S1 (en) 2012-01-26 2012-07-17 Procom Heating, Inc. Portable heater
USD663813S1 (en) 2012-01-26 2012-07-17 Procom Heating, Inc. Portable heater
USD670369S1 (en) 2012-01-26 2012-11-06 Procom Heating, Inc Portable heater
USD670796S1 (en) 2012-01-26 2012-11-13 Procom Heating, Inc. Portable heater
USD670798S1 (en) 2012-01-26 2012-11-13 Procom Heating, Inc Portable heater
USD670797S1 (en) 2012-01-26 2012-11-13 Procom Heating, Inc Portable heater
US9267704B1 (en) 2012-01-26 2016-02-23 Procom Heating, Inc. Portable heater housing
USD663815S1 (en) 2012-01-26 2012-07-17 Procom Heating, Inc. Portable heater
USD663814S1 (en) 2012-01-26 2012-07-17 Procom Heating, Inc. Portable heater
WO2018050277A1 (de) * 2016-09-15 2018-03-22 Elektro-Thermit Gmbh & Co. Kg Vorwärmbrenner für aluminothermische schweissungen
US20210396187A1 (en) * 2020-06-19 2021-12-23 Man Energy Solutions Se Gas supply system for a gas engine or dual-fuel engine and method for operating the same
US12345213B2 (en) * 2020-06-19 2025-07-01 Man Energy Solutions Se Gas supply system for a gas engine or dual-fuel engine and method for operating the same

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CH544914A (de) 1973-11-30
DE2231345C3 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1978-05-18
JPS4854531A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1973-07-31
FR2159975A5 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1973-06-22
BE790982A (fr) 1973-03-01
ATA918572A (de) 1976-06-15
DE2231345A1 (de) 1974-01-10
DE2231345B2 (de) 1977-09-15
SE386731B (sv) 1976-08-16
AT335357B (de) 1977-03-10
NL7214938A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1973-05-08
GB1389428A (en) 1975-04-03

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