US3883178A - Hydraulically actuated apparatus for the mechanical splitting of stones - Google Patents

Hydraulically actuated apparatus for the mechanical splitting of stones Download PDF

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Publication number
US3883178A
US3883178A US370470A US37047073A US3883178A US 3883178 A US3883178 A US 3883178A US 370470 A US370470 A US 370470A US 37047073 A US37047073 A US 37047073A US 3883178 A US3883178 A US 3883178A
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pressure wedges
pressure
wedges
intermediate member
wedge
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US370470A
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English (en)
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Helmut Darda
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21C—MINING OR QUARRYING
    • E21C37/00—Other methods or devices for dislodging with or without loading
    • E21C37/04—Other methods or devices for dislodging with or without loading by devices with parts pressed mechanically against the wall of a borehole or a slit

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT An apparatus for the mechanical splitting of stone, comprising a cylinder block having a longitudinally movable hydraulically-actuated piston located therein, adapted to be operatively engaged with, through a slide wedge connected with a piston rod fastened to the piston, sideways movable pressure wedges insertable into boreholes and preferably connected with the apparatus through an intermediate member, and being operative in correspondence with the slope of the facets of the slide wedge.
  • the present invention relates to an apparatus for the mechanical splitting of stone, comprising a cylinder block having a longitudinally movable hydraulicallyactuated piston located therein, adapted to be operatively engaged with, through a slide wedge connected with a piston rod fastened to the piston, sideways movable pressure wedges insertable into boreholes and preferably connected with the apparatus through an intermediate member, and being operative in correspondence with the slope of the facets of the slide wedge.
  • the pressure wedges are connected either directly with the cylinder block, or indirectly connected with the apparatus through an intermediate member which is detachably mounted on the cylinder block.
  • Stone splitting apparatus of this type have shown themselves to be extremely useful in practice. For example, they may be utilized in sotne breaking, stone working operations, mountain works, as well as for stone breaking operations at high-level and subterranean construction. These apparatus are so constructed that their relatively narrow bore hole inserts, the suspension of the pressure wedges, and the piston rod which is connected with the slide wedge, may absorb bending loads within predetermined limits.
  • the known stone splitting apparatus is so modified whereby, also during asymmetrical loading of the pressure wedges, dangerous deflection of the cylinder block in contrast with the insertion is effectively prevented.
  • the pressure wedges are radially and axially displaceably supported through pull and guide rods which are rigidly interconnected with the cylinder block, so as to be supported with their outer transverse surfaces against a member interconnecting the pull rods.
  • return springs may be positioned between these and the intermediate member or, respectively, the cylinder block. It may also be advantageous to secure the pressure wedges in their normal postion, for example, by means of spring-loaded pins.
  • the basic inventive concept is carried out by having the pressure wedge connected with the cylinder block or, respectively, the intermediate member, through a rocker which is oscillatable in an axial direction.
  • the unequal loading of the pressure wedges is balanced by the oscillations of the rocker.
  • the pressure wedges may rest with their shoulder-shaped head portions in a positive relation ship against concavely curved support surfaces of the rocker.
  • the rocker comprises a rotary member rotatably mounted on the intermediate member and extending perpendicular to the axis of the slide wedge axis on the intermediate member and which, in order to form support surfaces in cluding thereagainst diametrically opposed cutout portions, it is recommended that also the surfaces of the cutout portions opposite to the support surfaces of the rocker be concavely curved in oppostion to the surfaces of the cutouts, so that the upper planar surfaces of the head portions may be similarly supported thereon.
  • the radius of curvature of these support surfaces should increase from outwards inwardly, so that upon increasing tensile forces, for a reduction of the surface pressure there is an increase in the contact surfaces between the planar support surfaces of the head portion and the curved support surfaces of the rocker.
  • the pressure wedges are suspended differently than in the abovementioned construction, by means of pins extending in parallel with the rocker axis parallel extending pins,
  • a particular advantage of the inventive stone splitting apparatus lies in that the axially displaceable pressure Wedges, for example, in the event of repairs may be exchanged without difficulty and replaced by new pressure wedges. Furthermore, these advantageous properties may also be of use when the strength of the utilized pressure wedge is insufficient so as to facilitate complete fracturing of the rock. In order to obtain the foregoing, subsequent to the previous splitting step, there may be employed a stronger dimensioned wedge.
  • the invention also provides an arrangement in which the axis of the cylinder block preknowingly subtends an angle with the axis of the slide wedge or, in essence with the insert. That type of arrangement is provided, for example, when the stone splitting apparatus is to raise stone blocks lying on the ground, in which the pressure wedges are slid below the stone blocks which lie on the ground, and the cylinder block rests with its outer shell surface on the ground surface. For this application, it is desirable to employ the most flexible, flat-shaped pressure wedges, which nevertheless permit for exertion of an appreciable cross lift.
  • pressure wedges in the form of relatively thin, elastic steel bands which may also be employed in connection with other types of stone splitting apparatus.
  • the pressure wedges in the forward direction of movement thereof may be extended by means of an inserted slide wedge, and be provided in the region of extension with shear-type interengaging grooves and springs, whose mutually facing lateral surfaces form slide surfaces for the wedge slide surfaces.
  • the pressure wedges are formed of elastic steel bands, in this arrangement one of the two pressure wedges in the region of the extension thereof is shaped in the form of a fork, whose both arms are interconnected at the lower end thereof by means of a transverse member, and in which the other pressure wedge includes a smaller arm extending between both fork arms.
  • a frictionresistant layer which is preferably constituted of a thereon welded hard metal.
  • FIG. 1 is a longitudinal section of the slide wedge and pressure wedge arrangement of a first embodiment of a stone splitting apparatus in accordance with the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a tranverse section along line VIVI in FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3 is a longitudinal section along line VIIVII in FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 4 is a longitudinal section of a second embodiment of the stone splitting apparatus in the region of the slip wedge and pressure wedge arrangement thereof;
  • FIGS. 5, 6 and 7 are each transverse sections taken along, respectively, lines IXIX, XX and XIXI in FIG. 4;
  • FIG. 8 is a longitudinal section of the arrangement of FIG. 4 illustrated with an asymmetrically loaded pressure wedges
  • FIG. 9 is a longitudinal section of a third embodiment of a stone splitting apparatus in the region of the slip wedge and pressure wedge arrangement thereof;
  • FIGS. 10 and 11 are transverse sections along, respectively, lines XIV-XIV and XVXV in FIG. 9;
  • FIG. 12 is a longitudinal section along line XVI- XVI in FIG. 9;
  • FIG. 13 is a longitudinal section of a fourth embodiment of a stone splitting apparatus in the region of the slip wedge and pressure wedge arrangement thereof;
  • FIGS. l4, l5 and 16 are transverse sections taken along, respectively, lines XVIII-XVIII, XIXXIX and XX-XX in FIG. 13;
  • FIG. 17 is a longitudinal section along line XXI- XXI in FIG. 13.
  • FIGS. 1 through 17 of the drawings are suitable, for example, for use with the stone splitting apparatus described in German Published Specification No. 1,249,194.
  • a slide wedge designated by reference numeral 11 is connected at its inner end with the piston rod (not shown) of a suitable hydraulically actuated piston (not shown).
  • the slide wedge 11 is adapted to be moved forwardly, and wherein the piston rod (not shown) is controlled by a guide conduit 12 within an intermediate or connector member 13, which is mounted on a cylinder block (not shown).
  • the intermediate member 13 supports two pressure wedges 14 and 15, supporting on the hardened metal reinforced slide surfaces thereof, the similarly hardened metal layerreinforced sliding surfaces of the slide wedge.
  • both of the pressure wedges 14 and 15, under the operative effect of the slide wedge 1 1, are axially movable with respect to the intermediate member 13 having the guide conduit 12 in oppostion to the force of a return spring.
  • the pressure wedges include at their ends which are located within intermediate member 13, projecting or pivot-like or cup-shaped head portions 14b and 15b, and retained in their extending positions by pins 14c and 15, which are themselves subjected to the action of springs 14c and l5e which are pretensioned by set screws 1411 and 15h.
  • the head portions 14b and 15b are supported against an elastic rubber disk 17b which is positioned along the lower surface of the dashpot collar.
  • FIGS. 4 through 17 are somewhat differently formed, in which the pressure wedges are suspended in rockertype arranged rotary bodies.
  • a rotary member 29 oscillable about an axis extending perpendicular to the plane of the drawing, and having radially extending cutout portions 29a in which the pressure wedges 24 and 25 are suspended through their shoulder-shaped constructed head portions 24b and 25b.
  • these pressure wedges 24 and 25 are also adapted to be moved apart by means of axially outwardly displaceable slide Wedge 21, in which in this drawing the partly ascertainable piston rods 20 are controlled by the guide conduit 22.
  • pressure pins 240 and 25 which under the influence of compression springs 24e and 25e located in bores 22a are forced into contact with the upper surface of head portions 24b and 25b.
  • the head portions 24b and 25b include planar support surfaces on their lower as well as their upper sides
  • the support surfaces 29b formed by cutout portions 290 are concavely curved.
  • Corresponding curvature is imparted to the oppositely located surfaces 29c, against which the head portions 24b and 25b are supported upon rotation of the rotary member 29, as may be ascertained in connection with FIG. 8 of the drawings.
  • the radius of curvature of these support surfaces 29b and 29c increases in a radial direction from outwardly inwardly, whereby the effective contact surfaces between the head portions and the rotary member increases with increasing tension forces, so as to lead to an equalization of the surface pressure in the region of support.
  • FIG. 8 finally illustrates the operative effect of the spring-loaded pins 24c and 250 which at all times move the pressure wedges into their outermost extended position.
  • the pressure wedges 24 and 25 may also be exchanged, or, in effect, replaced.
  • the intermediate member 23 is provided with slotted cutouts 23a dimensioned to correspond with the pressure wedges or, in essence, their head portions, and through which the upper ends of the wedges may be inserted after the covering cap 27 with the rubber disc 27a has been removed.
  • the rubber disc also serves for the centering of pressure wedges 24 and 25.
  • the pressure wedges 24 and 25 may be provided at their lower ends with shear-like interengaging grooves and springs, as has been shown in the transverse sections pursuant to FIGS. 5, 6 and 7.
  • FIGS. 4 and 8 finally the process is clearly shown, which frequently occurs during the splitting of stone, and which in present stone splitting apparatuses leads to the deflection of the cylinder. block with respect to insertion into the bore hole.
  • this insert consisting of the pressure wedges 24 and 25 and the slide wedge 21, is inserted in the pre-bored hole B.
  • the pressure wedges 24 and 25 are separated to the extent so as to separate a portion G1 from the stone block G.
  • the portion G1 is upwardly deflected and thereby takes the pressure wedge 25 along.
  • This deflection is, in accordance with the inventive proposal prevented, in that the axially displaceable pressure wedge 25 follows this movement without transmitting thereof to the cylinder block.
  • FIGS. 9 through 12 A modification of the apparatus according to FIGS. 4 through 8 is shown in FIGS. 9 through 12.
  • the rotary member consists of two mirror-image formed and supported discs 39, which are connected to each other through pins 39d.
  • these discs 39 are also provided with cutout portions 39a, which form the support and opposite support surfaces 39b and 390 for the head portions 34b and 35b of the pressure wedges 34 and 35.
  • cutout portions 39a which form the support and opposite support surfaces 39b and 390 for the head portions 34b and 35b of the pressure wedges 34 and 35.
  • the discs 39 are provided with support rings 396*, which are rotatably positioned in the dashpot 33 under the intermediary of balls 39f located in annular grooves 33a in the rings.
  • the pressure wedges 34 and 35 are adapted to be removed from the intermediary member through side slits, not further detailed herein, when the protecting cap 37 together with the rubberformed cover disc 37a located on the lower surface thereof, have been removed.
  • particularly flexible pressure wedges 34 and 35 formed of relatively small steel bands, which are connected at their lower ends on the one side with each other by means of forked-shaped arms 34f interconnected through a member 34g, and in shear-like interengagement through a center arm 35f.
  • This type of insert may be introduced into extremely small splits, or inserted below stone portions lying on the ground surface.
  • the last embodiment, according to FIGS. 13 through 17, is illustrative of a further modification of the rocker arrangement.
  • the rotary member similarly consists of two mirror-image shaped and supported circular discs 49 which are rotatably supported in the intermediary member 43 through the intermediary of balls 49]".
  • Both discs 49 again are connected to each other by means of pin 49d and 49g, the last of which extend through elongate eyelets 44g and 45g at the inner ends of the head portions 44b and 45b of the pressure wedges 44 and 45.
  • the pins 49g may be removed outwardly through side apertures 43b, whereby the pressure wedges 44 and 45 may be pulled down and outwardly for replacement purposes.
  • the rubber disc 47 located against the collar 43a of the intermediary member here again provides for the sealing of the interior of the intermediary member.
  • the latter is connected with a housing portion 42 of the cylinder block (not shown) by means of screws 46, within which there is introduced the guide conduit 42a for the piston rod 40.
  • the piston rod similarly is connected with the slide wedge 41, which is slid through between both rocker discs 49, and operatively engages the pressure wedges 44 and 45 with its slide surfaces.
  • compression springs 44e and 45e located in the guide conduit 42a serve to operatively effect, through sleeve-like pushers 44c and 45c, the pins 49d, causing return motion of the rocker 49 and thereby the motion of the connected to the latter pressure wedges 44 and 45 into their outermost extended position.
  • the pressure wedges 44 and 45 are provided with shear-type interengaging springs and grooves 44f and 45 f, which facilitate an extensive separation of the wedges through the extensively forwardly displaced wedge 41.
  • an apparatus for the mechanical splitting and fracturing of stone comprising a cylinder block; a hydraulically actuatable piston longitudinally movable in said cylinder block; a piston rod connected to said piston; a slide wedge fastened to said piston rod; an intermediate member on said cylinder block; and pressure wedges adapted to be set into boreholes in said stone, said intermediate member forming a mechanical connection between said apparatus and said pressure wedges, said pressure wedges being sideways movable at a deflection conforming to the slope of said slide wedge, the improvement comprising; prestressed return spring means; said pressure wedges being connected to said intermediate member so as to be axially displaceable relative thereto in opposition to the force of said return spring means.
  • Apparatus as claimed in claim 1 comprising at least two pull and guide rods rigidly fastened to said intermediate member; a member interconnecting said rods, said pressure wedges being radially and axially movable between said rods, and said pressure wedges having external lateral surfaces supported on said rod interconnecting member.
  • Apparatus as claimed in claim 1 comprising spring-loaded pin means adapted to bias said pressure wedges into their outermost extended positions.
  • said rocker means having two concavely curved support surfaces; said pressure wedges including head portions having lower planar surfaces in compressive contact with said curved surfaces.
  • said rocker means comprising a rotary member positioned on said intermediate member and rotatable perpendicular to the axis of said slide wedge, said rotary member having two diametrically opposed cutout portions forming support surfaces, said head portions of the pressure wedges being suspended within said cutout portions.
  • Apparatus as claimed in claim 6, comprising return spring means operatively connected to said rocker means.
  • Apparatus as claimed in claim 11, comprising spring-actuated return pin means acting on said head portions.
  • said rocker means comprising on both sides thereof support discs and rings, said discs and rings being rotatably supported in complementary supports in said intermediate member.
  • Apparatus as claimed in claim 13, comprising bearing means being interposed between said support discs and rings of said rocker means and said supports in said intermediate member.
  • said rotary member comprising a pair of circular discs having cutout portions; and pin means associated with said discs forming supports for said pressure wedge head portions.
  • said intermediate member comprising cutouts extending perpendicular to the axis of said rocker means, said pressure wedges and the head portions thereof being adapted to extend through said cutouts for replacement of said pressure wedges.
  • said rocker means comprising a pair of circular discs; pin means interconnecting said discs extending parallel to the axis of said rocker means; said head portions of the pressure wedges having elongate apertured eyelets, said pin means extending through said eyelets for supporting said pressure wedges.
  • Apparatus as claimed in claim 2 comprising an elastic disc having central aperture being located on the under surface of said intermediate member, said pressure wedges, slide wedge and pull and guide rods extending through said aperture, said pressure wedges being sealingly positioned thereagainst.
  • one of said pressure wedges in the region of extension thereof being a two-armed fork; a transverse member connecting said arms; and said other pressure wedge having a smaller arm portion extending between said fork arms.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Drilling And Exploitation, And Mining Machines And Methods (AREA)
  • Processing Of Stones Or Stones Resemblance Materials (AREA)
US370470A 1972-06-20 1973-06-15 Hydraulically actuated apparatus for the mechanical splitting of stones Expired - Lifetime US3883178A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE2229940A DE2229940C2 (de) 1972-06-20 1972-06-20 Hydraulisch betätigtes Gerät zum mechanischen Zerlegen von Gestein

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US3883178A true US3883178A (en) 1975-05-13

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US370470A Expired - Lifetime US3883178A (en) 1972-06-20 1973-06-15 Hydraulically actuated apparatus for the mechanical splitting of stones

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US (1) US3883178A (de)
JP (1) JPS5343121B2 (de)
CA (1) CA985313A (de)
CH (1) CH568140A5 (de)
DE (1) DE2229940C2 (de)
ES (1) ES416051A1 (de)
FR (1) FR2189627B1 (de)
GB (1) GB1411504A (de)
IT (1) IT985681B (de)
SE (1) SE401706B (de)
ZA (1) ZA733993B (de)

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4026602A (en) * 1975-01-31 1977-05-31 H. Bieri Ag, Liebefeld Apparatus for mechanically breaking up stone or reinforced concrete
US4571002A (en) * 1984-05-10 1986-02-18 Kabushiki Kaisha Komatsu Seisakusho Hydraulic rock splitter
WO1998047809A1 (en) * 1997-04-18 1998-10-29 Future Alignments Limited A separating device
GB2328671A (en) * 1997-04-18 1999-03-03 Future Alignments Limited A separating device
US20110226228A1 (en) * 2008-11-21 2011-09-22 Kirnuvuori Oy Splitting wedge
CN102366974A (zh) * 2011-10-08 2012-03-07 张家港市玉龙科技板材有限公司 应用于玻镁板生产线的切割装置
WO2015016745A3 (ru) * 2013-08-02 2015-05-14 Алексей Николаевич ШУСТОВ Устройство для разрушения горных пород и соединения строительных конструкций
CN106762961A (zh) * 2017-03-01 2017-05-31 安徽尚德科技有限公司 一种劈裂顶推油缸
CN113246311A (zh) * 2021-04-27 2021-08-13 杨国栋 一种用于石方混凝土破除的分裂机
CN114542064A (zh) * 2022-03-04 2022-05-27 徐州奔蓝机械科技有限公司 一种用于矿山开挖的劈裂机
CN116480746A (zh) * 2023-06-25 2023-07-25 常州市新世力液压机械设备有限公司 一种电辅助劈裂缸

Families Citing this family (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4114951A (en) * 1977-05-09 1978-09-19 Edward R. Langfield Hydraulically actuated tool for mechanically splitting rock-like material
JPS55168436U (de) * 1979-05-21 1980-12-03
US4474410A (en) * 1981-03-31 1984-10-02 Kabushiki Kaisha Komatsu Seisakusho Power-driven, wedge-operated rock splitter
DE3228433C2 (de) * 1982-07-30 1985-08-29 Friedhelm 8390 Passau Porsfeld Steinspaltgerät zum mechanischen Zerlegen von Gestein
JPS60154494U (ja) * 1984-03-23 1985-10-15 三菱重工業株式会社 岩盤破砕装置
GB2172227B (en) * 1985-03-14 1988-08-10 Sermec Engineering Ltd Hydraulic wedge unit
CN110318754A (zh) * 2019-07-19 2019-10-11 湖南烈岩科技有限公司 带有串联连接结构的劈裂棒
CN111927451B (zh) * 2020-08-11 2021-10-22 嘉兴市玖玛兰科技有限公司 一种煤矿开采劈裂机

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3414328A (en) * 1965-08-11 1968-12-03 Darda Helmut Hydraulically actuated tool for the mechanical breaking of rocks by means of a wedge lidable through insert pieces
US3743357A (en) * 1971-11-26 1973-07-03 Fletcher H Co Reciprocating wedge structure including lubricant supply means

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS4930881U (de) * 1972-06-19 1974-03-16

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3414328A (en) * 1965-08-11 1968-12-03 Darda Helmut Hydraulically actuated tool for the mechanical breaking of rocks by means of a wedge lidable through insert pieces
US3743357A (en) * 1971-11-26 1973-07-03 Fletcher H Co Reciprocating wedge structure including lubricant supply means

Cited By (18)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4026602A (en) * 1975-01-31 1977-05-31 H. Bieri Ag, Liebefeld Apparatus for mechanically breaking up stone or reinforced concrete
US4571002A (en) * 1984-05-10 1986-02-18 Kabushiki Kaisha Komatsu Seisakusho Hydraulic rock splitter
WO1998047809A1 (en) * 1997-04-18 1998-10-29 Future Alignments Limited A separating device
GB2328671A (en) * 1997-04-18 1999-03-03 Future Alignments Limited A separating device
GB2328671B (en) * 1997-04-18 1999-06-09 Future Alignments Limited A separating device
US6267354B1 (en) 1997-04-18 2001-07-31 Future Alignments Limited Separating device
AU744320B2 (en) * 1997-04-18 2002-02-21 Equalizer International Limited A separating device
US8757135B2 (en) * 2008-11-21 2014-06-24 Kirnuvuori Oy Splitting wedge
US20110226228A1 (en) * 2008-11-21 2011-09-22 Kirnuvuori Oy Splitting wedge
CN102366974A (zh) * 2011-10-08 2012-03-07 张家港市玉龙科技板材有限公司 应用于玻镁板生产线的切割装置
WO2015016745A3 (ru) * 2013-08-02 2015-05-14 Алексей Николаевич ШУСТОВ Устройство для разрушения горных пород и соединения строительных конструкций
CN106762961A (zh) * 2017-03-01 2017-05-31 安徽尚德科技有限公司 一种劈裂顶推油缸
CN106762961B (zh) * 2017-03-01 2018-05-22 安徽尚德科技有限公司 一种劈裂顶推油缸
CN113246311A (zh) * 2021-04-27 2021-08-13 杨国栋 一种用于石方混凝土破除的分裂机
CN113246311B (zh) * 2021-04-27 2022-12-13 苏州赛奥科传媒有限公司 一种用于石方混凝土破除的分裂机
CN114542064A (zh) * 2022-03-04 2022-05-27 徐州奔蓝机械科技有限公司 一种用于矿山开挖的劈裂机
CN116480746A (zh) * 2023-06-25 2023-07-25 常州市新世力液压机械设备有限公司 一种电辅助劈裂缸
CN116480746B (zh) * 2023-06-25 2023-08-18 常州市新世力液压机械设备有限公司 一种电辅助劈裂缸

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CA985313A (en) 1976-03-09
IT985681B (it) 1974-12-10
ES416051A1 (es) 1976-03-01
CH568140A5 (de) 1975-10-31
JPS4963602A (de) 1974-06-20
FR2189627B1 (de) 1976-06-18
ZA733993B (en) 1974-09-25
DE2229940C2 (de) 1974-03-21
GB1411504A (en) 1975-10-29
DE2229940B1 (de) 1973-08-23
SE401706B (sv) 1978-05-22
JPS5343121B2 (de) 1978-11-17
FR2189627A1 (de) 1974-01-25

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