US3881451A - Fluid heaters - Google Patents

Fluid heaters Download PDF

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Publication number
US3881451A
US3881451A US422504A US42250473A US3881451A US 3881451 A US3881451 A US 3881451A US 422504 A US422504 A US 422504A US 42250473 A US42250473 A US 42250473A US 3881451 A US3881451 A US 3881451A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
assembly
fuel
fluid heater
combustor
heat exchanger
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US422504A
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English (en)
Inventor
Peter R Smith
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Stone Platt Crawley Ltd
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Stone Platt Crawley Ltd
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Stone Platt Crawley Ltd filed Critical Stone Platt Crawley Ltd
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Publication of US3881451A publication Critical patent/US3881451A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H1/00—Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters
    • F24H1/22—Water heaters other than continuous-flow or water-storage heaters, e.g. water heaters for central heating
    • F24H1/40—Water heaters other than continuous-flow or water-storage heaters, e.g. water heaters for central heating with water tube or tubes
    • F24H1/43—Water heaters other than continuous-flow or water-storage heaters, e.g. water heaters for central heating with water tube or tubes helically or spirally coiled
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B29/00—Steam boilers of forced-flow type
    • F22B29/02—Steam boilers of forced-flow type of forced-circulation type
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S122/00—Liquid heaters and vaporizers
    • Y10S122/01—Air heater

Definitions

  • FLUID HEATERS his invention relates to fluid heaters.
  • fluid heater as used in this specification it is intended to embrace boilers in which a change of state from liquid to vapour takes place. and heaters in which there is no change in fluid state. for example water heaters.
  • the invention is concerned with fluid heaters comprising a fuel-air combustor. a heat exchanger assembly. for example a coil pack assembly. for carrying fluid to be heated.
  • the heat exchanger assembly being disposed below the fuel-air combustor and being arranged so that it is in heat exchange relationship with the combustion exhaust gases and a heat exchanger box housing the heat exchanger assembly.
  • the heat exchanger assembly supports the fuel-air combustor.
  • the surrounding wall assembly of the heat exchanger box can be substantially non-load supporting so that its removal is facilitated for inspection and cleaning of the heat exchanger assembly. Also the arrangement minimises relative movement between the heat exchanger assembly and the combustor enabling a substantially rigid gas seal construction to be fitted between them.
  • a flue box. to which the combustion exhaust gases pass from the heat exchanger box. is of annular form and carries a support plate for the combustor which passes down through the centre hole of the annular flue box and projects into the heat exchanger box and the flue box is supported on the heat exchanger assembly which is also of annular form substantially co-axial with the flue box.
  • the flue box preferably has an inner wall which abuts against the heat exchanger assembly through a seal and an outer wall which aligns with the wall of the heat exchanger box so that combustion exhaust gases after passing through the heat exchanger assembly pass upwardly into the flue box between its inner and outer walls.
  • the seal advantageously comprises an upwardly facing channel located on a top plate of the heat exchanger assembly and extending around the inner periphery of the assembly, the channel being at least partially filled with asbestos or the like deformable and cuttable sealing material and the lower edge of the inner wall of the flue box cutting into the sealing material.
  • the channel can be mounted downwardly facing on the inner wall of the flue box with the upper edge of an upstanding lip on the heat exchanger assembly cutting into the seal assembly.
  • the channel may have bars extending across it at intervals around the channel. to ensure that the lower edge of the inner wall of the flue box is spaced from the base of the channel.
  • FIG. 1 shows a vertical section through the boiler.
  • FIG. 2 shows a fragmentary sectional view of a modification of FIG. 1,
  • FIG. 3 shows a seal arrangement used in the boiler.
  • FIG. 4 shows a detail of an air transfer duct which can be used in the boiler
  • FIGS. 5 and 6 show views looking in the directions of arrows V and VI respectively of FIG. 4.
  • the boiler is radially symmetrical about vertical axis X-X with the exception of two features usually placed at front and rear (i.e., right and left hand sides respectively of the drawing).
  • the flue exit duct 1 which branches off the annular flue box 2 whilst at the front is the air collecting box 3 which collects air from under the hood 4 and conveys it to the intake of the fan 5.
  • the main structural items of the boiler i.e., the items which are load bearing are, proceeding vertically upwards, base assembly 6, coil pack assembly 7, the annular flue box 2 and combuster head mounting plate 8.
  • the whole structure is bolted to a base plate 12 on which is mounted the fan 5 and other auxiliaries not shown in the drawing.
  • the base assembly 6 consists essentially of a heavy section metal dish having a top flange l7 and provided with feet 15 which lift the dish clear of the base plate 12.
  • the dish is filled with cast or brick refractory l6 and 20 contained at the outer side by wall 18.
  • the coil pack assembly 7 consists of a number of nesting coil packs (four are illustrated in the drawing).
  • the coil packs are clamped between the base assembly 6 and a top plate 19, the upper end being sealed by sheets of asbestos or like flexible material 21 sandwiched between the coil packs and the top plate 19.
  • An alternative to the coil pack assembly is a pack consisting of a battery of straight vertical tubes passing into top and bottom header plates. the header plates forming one side of top and bottom annular header tanks.
  • the flue box 2 is of annular form having inner and outer circumferential walls 23 and 25 and is clamped on to the top of the coil pack assembly by the main ties 9, the inner wall 23 of the annulus pressing into a circular channel packed with asbestos sealing material 47 on the plate 19 as will be described in detail with reference to FIG. 3.
  • This junction between wall 23 and plate 19, forms a gas tight seal and also transmits clamping force from the ties 9 to the coil pack assembly 7.
  • Spanning the space between the inner and outer walls 23 and 25 of the flue box are a number of radially disposed air transfer ducts 24. These can take the form of straight tubes but a preferred arrangement is for the variable section straight sided duct to be used as shown in FIG. 1.
  • FIGS. 4 to 6 illustrate a further construction of cross air duct formed from an initially circular-sectioned tube which is progressively flattened as it passed from the outside to the inside wall of the flue box with the resulting longer dimension of the cross-section extending vertically.
  • the degree of flattening can be controlled so that there is a constant gap width between adjacent tubes for the passage of flue gases. whilst the cross-sectional area remains substantially constant. This ensures that the flue gas flow over the outside of the tubes is roughly constant over the length of the tubes and so giving the best heat transfer situation.
  • the inner wall 23 of the flue box 2 is extended upwards and terminates in a flange 26 to which is bolted the burner head mounting plate 8.
  • This plate carries on its top side the burner head consisting of fuel nozzle 27, igniter and flame detector, etc. the last two items not being shown in FIG. 1.
  • On the underside of plate 8 is carried a cylindrical sleeve 28 and between this sleeve and the flue box inner wall 23 is placed an outer sleeve 29 the two sleeves together defining a combustion chamber with a hollow side wall structure.
  • the sleeve 29 is suitably secured to the flue box 2.
  • the lower end of the sleeve 29 is flared and tucks into the annular seal having asbestos 47 which forms the seal between items 23 and 19.
  • At its lower end the sleeve 28 carries a sealing member 32 which forms a sliding metal to metal seal with the inside surface of the sleeve 29.
  • an outer annular wall 34 Surrounding the flue box 2 and attached to it by brackets is an outer annular wall 34 which is closed at itslower end by a ring of perforated sheet metal 35 or expanded metal mesh through which the air supply to the boiler passes.
  • an air filter material 36 or acoustic baffles In the annulus so formed between the flue box and wall 34 can be placed an air filter material 36 or acoustic baffles to reduce the noise from the fan intake. From this annulus, air is drawn across the top and round the sides of the combustion chamber mounting wall and into the air collecting box 3.
  • the outer wall of the air annulus is made up of a thin metal shell 38 such as of aluminium in order to obtain a heat reflecting surface on the inside.
  • This shell is split vertically at two or more places to provide a number of sections which can be unclipped and removed easily from the boiler to reveal the inner coil box wall 39.
  • the boiler is shown with one of the sections of the shell 38 removed at the left-hand side of FIG. 1. To provide an effective seal, the sections locate against asbestos sealing strips 53.
  • an air deflector strip 40 Spanning the space between the two walls 38, 39 is an air deflector strip 40 which guides the air space into an upward helical path and to ensure an evenly distributed entry into the air transfer ducts 24.
  • This deflector strip can be attached to either the inner or the outer wall or sandwiched between them by appropriately placed locating strips or pegs.
  • the inner coil box wall 39 can be made in two or more sections with means for detaching them to examine the coils but a preferred arrangement shown in FIG. 1 is to have the wall in the form of a complete ring or cylinder which in its operative position locates against upper and lower seals 41. By unclipping or unbolting the upper end, the wall 39 can slide downwards over its lower seal 41 as shown at the left-hand side of Fig. 1 so that it comes to rest on that part of the base 12 forming the floor of the lower air space 14. This will expose the upper coil sections and give access for coil washing and inspection.
  • FIG. I shows the condition for a coil examination with the outer aluminium wall section 38 removed and the inner wall 39 lowered. If desired and in order to expose a greater length of coil pack.
  • the inner wall 39 can be made in two telescoping sections 42 and 43 as illustrated in FIG. 2.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates an enlarged view of the top plate seal assembly.
  • the seal is formed by welding two upright sections 44 and 45 to form a channel on the top plate 19 of the coil assembly. In the base of this channel are welded a number of radially disposed bars 46. On assembly the space above and between these strips is filled with asbestos 47 as previously mentioned or other heat resisting material.
  • the flue box 2 is then placed over the coil assembly and the inner wall 23 of the box 2 cuts through the sealing material 47 and comes to rest on the bars 46. This ensures that the coil and flue assemblies are square one with another and that there is a seal between the exhaust gas and air side of the boiler.
  • the sleeve 29 When the flue box is in position the sleeve 29 can be forced down into the inner portion of the seal 47 forming a seal between the inner and outer air annuli formed by the sleeve wall 29.
  • the groove could be formed integral with the plate 19 of items 44, 45 could be replaced by a rolled channel section mounted on top of the plate 19 or welded to the inner circular edge of this plate.
  • the whole assembly could also be turned upside down so that the plate 19 carries a single vertical lip which enters an inverted channel section formed on the end of the flue wall 23.
  • the wall 23 could terminate in a small inverted U- section which cuts twice into the sealing strip forming a double labrynth path for any gas escaping past the foot of the wall 23.
  • a fluid heater comprising in combination a. a base assembly,
  • said heat exchange assembly being 1. adapted to carry the fluid to be heated, and 2. being positioned to receive the hot combustion gases from said fuel combustor,
  • a wall member surrounding at least part of said heat exchange assembly, which wall member serves to confine and channel the hot combustion gases after the hot combustion gases have passed through said heat exchange assembly, said wall member being substantially non-load bearing with respect to said fuel combustor in the sense that the wall member can be removed for purposes of cleaning or inspection of the heat exchange assembly without the need to move either the heat exchange assembly or the fuel combustor assembly.
  • iluld heater as claimed in claim 4, wherein the :nannel has bars extending across it at intervals to ensure that the edge of the cooperating sealing member lS spaced from the base of the channel.
  • a fluid heater as set forth in claim 7 wherein the seal comprises a channel containing deformable and cuttable sealing material, and a cooperating sealing member having an edge which cuts into the sealing material.
  • a fluid heater as claimed 8 wherein the channel is located on a top plate of the heat exchanger assembly and the cooperating sealing member is constituted by the lower end of the chamber.
  • air ducts extend radially across the flue box from the space between said inner and outer walls, the air ducts comprising tubes which, adjacent said space, are of generally circular cross section and which become progressively flattened as they approach the fuel air combustor, the longer dimension of the flattened cross-section extending vertically.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Details Of Fluid Heaters (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
  • Air-Conditioning For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Air Supply (AREA)
US422504A 1972-12-20 1973-12-06 Fluid heaters Expired - Lifetime US3881451A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB5870072A GB1447367A (en) 1972-12-20 1972-12-20 Fluid heaters

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3881451A true US3881451A (en) 1975-05-06

Family

ID=10482218

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US422504A Expired - Lifetime US3881451A (en) 1972-12-20 1973-12-06 Fluid heaters

Country Status (11)

Country Link
US (1) US3881451A (fr)
JP (1) JPS4996340A (fr)
AU (1) AU6347173A (fr)
BE (1) BE808510A (fr)
CA (1) CA1002833A (fr)
DE (1) DE2362223A1 (fr)
ES (1) ES421615A1 (fr)
FR (1) FR2212025A5 (fr)
GB (1) GB1447367A (fr)
IT (1) IT1002304B (fr)
NL (1) NL7317240A (fr)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1986002140A1 (fr) * 1984-09-28 1986-04-10 Vapor Corp Dispositif de prechauffage d'air pour une chaudiere compacte
US4743370A (en) * 1986-01-17 1988-05-10 Nifco Inc. Filter for fuel tank
WO2014200369A1 (fr) * 2013-06-11 2014-12-18 General Electric Company Système de réduction acoustique pour échangeur de chaleur refroidi à l'air

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1814605A (en) * 1927-10-04 1931-07-14 Siemens Ag Steam generator
US2160644A (en) * 1936-09-08 1939-05-30 Clarkson Alick Steam generating system
US2201625A (en) * 1933-10-05 1940-05-21 W D La Mont Inc Fluid heating process as applied to vapor generation
US2507293A (en) * 1947-01-22 1950-05-09 Clayton Manufacturing Co Water tube coil steam generating apparatus
US3282257A (en) * 1963-06-05 1966-11-01 Vapor Corp Fluid heating apparatus
US3351041A (en) * 1965-05-21 1967-11-07 Mitchell Engineering Ltd Water tube boiler

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1814605A (en) * 1927-10-04 1931-07-14 Siemens Ag Steam generator
US2201625A (en) * 1933-10-05 1940-05-21 W D La Mont Inc Fluid heating process as applied to vapor generation
US2160644A (en) * 1936-09-08 1939-05-30 Clarkson Alick Steam generating system
US2507293A (en) * 1947-01-22 1950-05-09 Clayton Manufacturing Co Water tube coil steam generating apparatus
US3282257A (en) * 1963-06-05 1966-11-01 Vapor Corp Fluid heating apparatus
US3351041A (en) * 1965-05-21 1967-11-07 Mitchell Engineering Ltd Water tube boiler

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1986002140A1 (fr) * 1984-09-28 1986-04-10 Vapor Corp Dispositif de prechauffage d'air pour une chaudiere compacte
US4743370A (en) * 1986-01-17 1988-05-10 Nifco Inc. Filter for fuel tank
WO2014200369A1 (fr) * 2013-06-11 2014-12-18 General Electric Company Système de réduction acoustique pour échangeur de chaleur refroidi à l'air

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS4996340A (fr) 1974-09-12
NL7317240A (fr) 1974-06-24
FR2212025A5 (fr) 1974-07-19
ES421615A1 (es) 1976-10-16
GB1447367A (en) 1976-08-25
DE2362223A1 (de) 1974-06-27
BE808510A (fr) 1974-03-29
IT1002304B (it) 1976-05-20
AU6347173A (en) 1975-06-12
CA1002833A (en) 1977-01-04

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