US3878885A - Method for causing condensation in drops on heat exchanger tubes - Google Patents

Method for causing condensation in drops on heat exchanger tubes Download PDF

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Publication number
US3878885A
US3878885A US436197A US43619774A US3878885A US 3878885 A US3878885 A US 3878885A US 436197 A US436197 A US 436197A US 43619774 A US43619774 A US 43619774A US 3878885 A US3878885 A US 3878885A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
vapor
vapor feed
fluorine
containing compound
drops
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US436197A
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English (en)
Inventor
Jean Claude Deronzier
Louis Foulletier
Jean Huyghe
Jean Marc Niezborala
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Commissariat a lEnergie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives CEA
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Commissariat a lEnergie Atomique CEA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Publication of US3878885A publication Critical patent/US3878885A/en
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F13/00—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing
    • F28F13/18—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing by applying coatings, e.g. radiation-absorbing, radiation-reflecting; by surface treatment, e.g. polishing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D5/00—Condensation of vapours; Recovering volatile solvents by condensation
    • B01D5/0003—Condensation of vapours; Recovering volatile solvents by condensation by using heat-exchange surfaces for indirect contact between gases or vapours and the cooling medium
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D5/00—Condensation of vapours; Recovering volatile solvents by condensation
    • B01D5/0078—Condensation of vapours; Recovering volatile solvents by condensation characterised by auxiliary systems or arrangements
    • B01D5/0087—Recirculating of the cooling medium
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D5/00—Condensation of vapours; Recovering volatile solvents by condensation
    • B01D5/0078—Condensation of vapours; Recovering volatile solvents by condensation characterised by auxiliary systems or arrangements
    • B01D5/009—Collecting, removing and/or treatment of the condensate
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F2245/00—Coatings; Surface treatments
    • F28F2245/04—Coatings; Surface treatments hydrophobic

Definitions

  • At least one chemical compound is incorporated in the vapor before this latter passes along a heatexchanger tube.
  • the compound being constituted by a fluorinated derivative corresponding to the general formula: C,,F (CH X where n represents a whole number between 2 and 20, X represents a chemical function which is capable of causing the fluorinated product to adhere to the tube wall, and a is a whole number between 2 and 20.
  • ()ne of the means for achieving this objective is to prevent the formation of a condensation film on the external walls of the heat-exchanger tubes and in inducing the condensate to collect in drops.
  • the overall heat-transfer coefficient U between the vapor to be condensed and the cooling fluid may be calcu lated as follows:
  • r is the thermal resistance of the wall.
  • r is the thermal resistance of scale and dirt.
  • the improvement in the condensation coefficient is achieved by bringing about condensation in drops on the external or internal wall of the heat-exchanger tube.
  • the wall In order to produce said condensation in drops, the wall must be rendered hydrophobic, that is to say not wettable by water.
  • the vapor thus condenses in the form of drops which form and grow at preferential points of the wall. When the drops have reached a sufficient size, they run along the wall and are detached from this latter. The greater part of the tube wall is therefore free of liquid and thus directly in contact with the vapor. thereby increasing the heat-transfer coefficient.
  • the walls aforesaid can be provided with a hydrophobic coating which must either consist of a substance having fairly good conductivity or be deposited in extremely thin layers.
  • This coating must also be of very high strength and have a practically infinite lifetime.
  • gold or chromium coatings produce good results but are extremely costly.
  • the precise aim of the invention is to provide a method for initiating the formation of drops on the tubes of a heat exchanger by utilizing the action of a particularly advantageous agent for promoting condensation in drops.
  • the method according to the invention is characterized in that at least one chemical compound is incorporated in the feed vapor before this latter passes along the tube, said compound being, constituted by a fluorinated derivative corresponding to the general formula:
  • n represents a whole number comprised between 2 and 20.
  • X represents a chemical function which is capable of causing the fluorinated product to adhere to the tube wall.
  • u is a whole number comprised between 2 and 20.
  • compositions having a base of fluorinated copolymers and polymers such as those described, for example, in French patent application No EN 72 08366 filed on Mar. 10, 1972 in the name of Societe Produits Chimiques Ugine Kuhlmann.
  • C,,F represents a straight or branched perfluorinated chain
  • n is a whole number comprised between 2 and 20
  • a is a whole number comprised between 2 and 20.
  • the fluorinated product or products are employed in association with a standard agent for promoting condensation in drops.
  • the introduction of these different compounds can be carried out either simultaneously or separately.
  • the incorporation of the fluorinated derivative in the feed vapor can be performed either continuously or non-continuously.
  • the operation is preferably noncontinuous since the fluorinated products employed have a very long lifetime, thereby permitting addition at a very low rate and achieving an appreciable economy.
  • EXAMPLE I The apparatus employed is illustrated in the accompanying FIGURE and comprises a vapor generator 1, a condensation chamber 2 and a cooling system 3.
  • the vapor generator 1 which is constructed of stainless steel is a cylindrical enclosure 0.5 m in diameter and 1 m in length and containing approximately 100 liters of permuted water.
  • the generator is heated by immersion-heating elements 4 which are supplied with three-phase current and deliver a maximum power of 36 KW.
  • the condensation chamber 2 is constituted by a pyrex cylinder 1 m in length and 400 mm in diameter, the thermal insulation of which is ensured by means of a layer of glass wool fitted with two viewing windows.
  • the chamber 2 is connected to the generator 1 by means of a heat-insulated stainless steel duct 5, whose internal diameter mm) is calculated so that the velocity of the vapor which penetrates into the chamber does not exceed 1 m per second.
  • the condensation chamber 2 is traversed by a measuring tube 6 on which the condensation is brought about.
  • Said tube 6 has a length of 900 mm, an external diameter of 25 mm and a thickness of 1 mm.
  • Heat insulation between said tube and the walls of the chamber 2 is provided by means of teflon rings 7.
  • a condensate collector 8 having a length which is appreciably greater than that of the tube 6 is placed beneath this latter.
  • the water of the cooling loop 3 circulates through the tube 6 and said loop is connected directly to the municipal water-supply system.
  • the water is circulated by a pump 9 which is capable of delivering I5 m per hour under the operating conditions employed. Adjustment of the temperature of the cooling fluid is obtained by continuous introduction of water derived from the municipal water-supply system; this adjustment is performed manually by producing action on the needlevalve 10 which controls the removal of the hot water at the outlet of the condensation chamber 2.
  • the high flow rate of the water which circulates within each tube is chosen so as to ensure that the temperature rise resulting from condensation on the tube 6 is small compared with the temperature difference between the vapor and the cooling water.
  • the tube 6 is of copper.
  • a polyfluorinated disulphide compound having the formula (C F, C H S) is introduced through the duct 11 into the vapor which is supplied by the generator 1. Approximately 38 mg of said compound must be injected in order to obtain 1 m of condensate. A single injection of C F, C H S) makes it possible to obtain condensation in drops for a period exceeding 2500 hours, thus showing that the compound (C F C I-l S) has a considerable lifetime.
  • EXAMPLE 2 The same apparatus as that described in Example 1 is again employed but in this case the tube 6 is fabricated from an alloy of copper and nickel.
  • the promoting agent to be tested was introduced into the vapor phase.
  • Example 5 The tests of Example 3 are repeated with an aluminum condenser. After a number of injections of (C F,-,C H,S) condensation in drops is obtained.
  • Example 6 The tests of Example 3 are repeated with a condenser of copper alloy.
  • a and n are whole integers in the range of 2-20, inclusive, and wherein X is a functional group providing for adherence of said compounds to the surfaces of the heat exchanger tubes;
  • a and n are whole integers in the range of 2-20, inclusive.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Vaporization, Distillation, Condensation, Sublimation, And Cold Traps (AREA)
  • Preventing Corrosion Or Incrustation Of Metals (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
US436197A 1973-02-02 1974-01-24 Method for causing condensation in drops on heat exchanger tubes Expired - Lifetime US3878885A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR7303660A FR2215990B1 (it) 1973-02-02 1973-02-02

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3878885A true US3878885A (en) 1975-04-22

Family

ID=9114217

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US436197A Expired - Lifetime US3878885A (en) 1973-02-02 1974-01-24 Method for causing condensation in drops on heat exchanger tubes

Country Status (11)

Country Link
US (1) US3878885A (it)
JP (1) JPS5649601B2 (it)
BE (1) BE810552A (it)
CA (1) CA1021553A (it)
CH (1) CH580438A5 (it)
DE (1) DE2404366C2 (it)
FR (1) FR2215990B1 (it)
GB (1) GB1449762A (it)
IL (1) IL44075A (it)
IT (1) IT1004851B (it)
NL (1) NL178907C (it)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2008000680A1 (en) * 2006-06-27 2008-01-03 Clariant International Ltd Fluorous telomeric compounds and polymers containing same
US20120111549A1 (en) * 2010-11-09 2012-05-10 Denso Corporation Heat transport fluid passage device with hydrophobic membrane
US8980387B2 (en) 2011-10-27 2015-03-17 General Electric Company Method of coating a surface and article incorporating coated surface
US9498934B2 (en) 2013-02-15 2016-11-22 Massachusetts Institute Of Technology Grafted polymer surfaces for dropwise condensation, and associated methods of use and manufacture
EP3767216A4 (en) * 2018-03-14 2021-12-08 Kurita Water Industries Ltd. STEAM CONDENSATION PROCESS

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113289366A (zh) * 2021-07-27 2021-08-24 东营天润石化科技有限公司 一种节能减压化工精馏装置

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2923640A (en) * 1956-03-29 1960-02-02 Griscom Russell Co Method of applying a plastic coating
US3167927A (en) * 1961-06-23 1965-02-02 Carrier Corp Promotion of dropwise condensation
US3186476A (en) * 1961-04-14 1965-06-01 Asahi Chemical Ind Method for heating liquid by means of steam
US3211657A (en) * 1963-11-20 1965-10-12 Du Pont Method of transferring heat
US3305007A (en) * 1965-03-31 1967-02-21 Thelen Edmund Dropwise condensation
US3534555A (en) * 1968-03-06 1970-10-20 Webb James E Laminar flow enhancement
US3547185A (en) * 1969-06-20 1970-12-15 Atomic Energy Commission Method for promoting dropwise condensation on copper and copper alloy condensing surfaces

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE707155C (de) * 1938-07-14 1941-06-14 Emil Kirschbaum Dr Ing Verfahren zur Leistungssteigerung von dampfbeaufschlagten Waermeaustauschern
FR1226880A (fr) * 1958-06-24 1960-08-16 Edgar Allen & Co Ltd Procédé de condensation de vapeur d'eau

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2923640A (en) * 1956-03-29 1960-02-02 Griscom Russell Co Method of applying a plastic coating
US3186476A (en) * 1961-04-14 1965-06-01 Asahi Chemical Ind Method for heating liquid by means of steam
US3167927A (en) * 1961-06-23 1965-02-02 Carrier Corp Promotion of dropwise condensation
US3211657A (en) * 1963-11-20 1965-10-12 Du Pont Method of transferring heat
US3305007A (en) * 1965-03-31 1967-02-21 Thelen Edmund Dropwise condensation
US3534555A (en) * 1968-03-06 1970-10-20 Webb James E Laminar flow enhancement
US3547185A (en) * 1969-06-20 1970-12-15 Atomic Energy Commission Method for promoting dropwise condensation on copper and copper alloy condensing surfaces

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2008000680A1 (en) * 2006-06-27 2008-01-03 Clariant International Ltd Fluorous telomeric compounds and polymers containing same
US20120111549A1 (en) * 2010-11-09 2012-05-10 Denso Corporation Heat transport fluid passage device with hydrophobic membrane
US9022099B2 (en) * 2010-11-09 2015-05-05 Denso Corporation Heat transport fluid passage device with hydrophobic membrane
US8980387B2 (en) 2011-10-27 2015-03-17 General Electric Company Method of coating a surface and article incorporating coated surface
US9498934B2 (en) 2013-02-15 2016-11-22 Massachusetts Institute Of Technology Grafted polymer surfaces for dropwise condensation, and associated methods of use and manufacture
EP3767216A4 (en) * 2018-03-14 2021-12-08 Kurita Water Industries Ltd. STEAM CONDENSATION PROCESS
US11204207B2 (en) * 2018-03-14 2021-12-21 Kurita Water Industries Ltd. Vapor condensation method
TWI810253B (zh) * 2018-03-14 2023-08-01 日商栗田工業股份有限公司 蒸氣之凝縮方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS49111252A (it) 1974-10-23
FR2215990B1 (it) 1976-09-10
IL44075A (en) 1977-04-29
NL178907B (nl) 1986-01-02
NL178907C (nl) 1986-06-02
JPS5649601B2 (it) 1981-11-24
CH580438A5 (it) 1976-10-15
CA1021553A (en) 1977-11-29
NL7401412A (it) 1974-08-06
DE2404366A1 (de) 1974-08-08
DE2404366C2 (de) 1983-03-31
IL44075A0 (en) 1974-05-16
GB1449762A (en) 1976-09-15
IT1004851B (it) 1976-07-20
BE810552A (fr) 1974-05-29
FR2215990A1 (it) 1974-08-30

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