US3878620A - Method and apparatus for drying paper - Google Patents

Method and apparatus for drying paper Download PDF

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Publication number
US3878620A
US3878620A US272354A US27235472A US3878620A US 3878620 A US3878620 A US 3878620A US 272354 A US272354 A US 272354A US 27235472 A US27235472 A US 27235472A US 3878620 A US3878620 A US 3878620A
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United States
Prior art keywords
felt
roll
paper web
drums
path
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Expired - Lifetime
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US272354A
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English (en)
Inventor
William M Gallahue
Gilbert J Wells
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Mount Hope Machinery Ltd
Mount Hope Machinery Co
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Mount Hope Machinery Ltd
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Application filed by Mount Hope Machinery Ltd filed Critical Mount Hope Machinery Ltd
Priority to US272354A priority Critical patent/US3878620A/en
Priority to DE19732335291 priority patent/DE2335291A1/de
Priority to AU58014/73A priority patent/AU5801473A/en
Priority to FR7326230A priority patent/FR2193118B3/fr
Priority to ZA734799A priority patent/ZA734799B/xx
Priority to IT69120/73A priority patent/IT991769B/it
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3878620A publication Critical patent/US3878620A/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B13/00—Machines and apparatus for drying fabrics, fibres, yarns, or other materials in long lengths, with progressive movement
    • F26B13/10—Arrangements for feeding, heating or supporting materials; Controlling movement, tension or position of materials
    • F26B13/12—Controlling movement, tension or position of material
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21F—PAPER-MAKING MACHINES; METHODS OF PRODUCING PAPER THEREON
    • D21F5/00—Dryer section of machines for making continuous webs of paper
    • D21F5/02—Drying on cylinders

Definitions

  • the general object of this invention is the production of paper webs having a more uniform profile of moisture content across their widths. It is a further object to attain a reduction in wetness of the center of a paper web with less capital investment and operating cost than was heretofore required. Further objects and advantages of the invention will appear as the following description proceeds.
  • a number of curved rolls are preferably distributed along the banks of dryer drums. These rolls may be of a type whose curvature is either fixed or adjustable, so arranged as to establish a longer length of run for the center than the edges of the felts in the dryer run. The difference in length of run is of the general order of somewhat less than 1 percent, though this may vary, and the optimum may be determined by experiment in any given application. Modern synthetic felts take no permanent set from this amount of stretching. while older felts may be corrected by using a curved roll outside the dryer run to compensate by equalizing the total run of the felt.
  • a curved roll of the adjustable-bow type is oriented with its plane of curvature aligned with a plane bisecting the angle of wrap of the felt around the roll, and with its convex face projecting into the felt.
  • a curved roll of the fixed-bow type is oriented with its plane of curvature set at an acute angle, which may fall generally in a range of about l0-45, to a plane perpendicular to the bisector of the wrap angle.
  • the specific angle should be chosen on the basis of the degree of bow of the curved roll, the speed of the machine, and the width and weight of the felt, to achieve an appropriate difference in path length between the center and edges of the felt.
  • the application of the invention to a conventional paper machine has demonstrated a substantial improvement in the uniformity of moisture content across the width of the paper web.
  • the non-uniform felt pressure may arise both from gravitational action and centrifugal force, either of which tends to bow a cross-section of the felt into a catenary form.
  • either adjustable-bow or fixed-bow rolls may be adjusted as to curvature or angular orientation, respectively, by automatic means responsive to moisture detectors, to control the moisture profile automatically.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view in side elevation of a dryer section of a paper machine incorporating one embodiment of the invention
  • FIG. 2 is a plan view illustrating the relationship of one of the rolls of FIG. 1 to a felt
  • FIG. 3 is a fragmentary view in side elevation and on an enlarged scale of a portion of the dryer section of FIG. 1, showing a curved roll in one angular orientation;
  • FIG. 4 is a view similar to FIG. 3, but showing the curved roll in another angular orientation
  • FIG/5 is a fragmentary view in side elevation of a portion of a dryer section incorporating a modified embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a graphical illustration comparing representative moisture profiles produced by the present invention and by previously known machines
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic view of an automatic control system for adjusting the angular orientation of a fixed bow roll.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic view of an automatic control system for adjusting a variable-bow roll.
  • the dryer section of a paper machine includes a series of groups of heated dryer drums; a number of such groups are ordinarily employed, but only group 16-34 is shown, as this is sufficient to illustrate the invention.
  • the paper web 10 after issuing from a Fourdrinier wire (not shown) of the papermaking machine. passes through a series of press rolls, of which two are illustrated at 12. It is then guided by a plain roll 14 to the first dryer drum 16, from whence it passes serially around the remaining dryer drums. being wrapped about an arcuate portion of each successive drum through an angle preferably in excess of 180. Issuing from the final drum 34, the paper web is passed by a guide roll 36 to further dryer banks or to other processing equipment such as a calender and windup roll.
  • the drums in an upper and lower bank are staggered, and the paper web wraps successively around one of the drums of the upper bank 16, 20, 24, 28. 32, then around one of the drums of the lower bank 18, 22, 26, 30, and 34, and so forth to the end of the group.
  • An upper felt 38 formed as a continuous belt and made of nylon or other conventional material. is guided by rolls 40-54 in a path which wraps the felt arcuately about a surface portion of each of the upper bank of drums I6, 20, 24, 28, and 32, overlapping the paper web and pressing it against the drums to effect heat transfer.
  • the felt is held under an appropriate degree of longitudinal tension by means of rolls 82 and 84, in a conventional fashion.
  • a lower felt 58 of a similar type is guided by rolls 60-76 in a path which wraps the felt in overlapping relation to the paper web about an arcuate surface portion of each of the lower bank of dryer drums 18, 22, 26, 30. and 34, and thence around an additional heated drum 80, which serves to remove moisture from the felt.
  • Rolls 85 and 88 serve to hold the felt under appropriate longitudinal tension.
  • a curved roll 64 is rotatably mounted on an axle 82 which is longitudinally curved in a plane P, so that the roll is'free to rotate but maintains a stable curved form.
  • the ends of the axle are mounted in clamping supports 84 of a known type, such as are illustrated in the aforementioned US. Pat. No. 2,393,191.
  • the plane P of curvature may be set in any desired angular orientation by releasing and later retightening these clamping supports, and two such positions are illustrated in FIGS. 3 and 4.
  • the felt 58 passes arcuately about the drum 18 in overlapping relation to the paper 10, is then wrapped partially about the surface of the roll 64, and then passes over the drum 22, again pressing the paper against the drum.
  • the roll 64 is offset as shown from a plane Y which is usually horizontal, joining the major axes of the bank of drums 18-34.
  • a horizontal plane X parallel to this plane of centers is shown in FIG. 3 to illustrate the angular orientation of the plane P of roll curvature.
  • the rolls 42-52 and 62-74 are each offset from the plane of centers of a corresponding bank of drums in the direction of paths of the paper between the two banks of drums.
  • the path of the center of the felt 58 over the center of the roll 64 is shown at C, and is somewhat longer than the path E of the edges of the felt because of the angular orientation of the roll.
  • the effect is to apply different degrees of longitudinal tension to the felt at various points across its width. Because the roll 64 is smoothly curved, the variation in tension increases gradually and continuously from a minimum at either edge to a maximum at the center.
  • the effect is to apply increasing pressure of the felt against the paper and drums toward the center of the machine. This action is intended to be carried to the point at which it will balance and offset the aforementioned tendency of the paper to remain wetter in the center than in its edge portions.
  • the pressure gradient is intended to be sufficient to obtain substantially uniform rates of heat transfer and drying action.
  • FIG. 4 illustrates the roll 64 oriented with its plane of curvature P at an angle of 0, that is, coincident with the horizontal plane X.
  • the plane P is now perpendicular to a plane shown at Z. bisecting the angle of wrap W of the felt around the roll 64. In this position the path lengths C of the center, and E of the edges. of the felt are identical. and the roll is ineffective to produce any difference in longitudinal tension in the felt. Consequently, the roll acts only to expand the width of the felt; if reversed 180, it would tend to contract the felt laterally.
  • the plane P of curvature at an angle to the plane X, i.e., the plane P must not lie at 90 to a plane bisecting the wrap angle W. Further, the plane P must be turned in such an angular direction from the plane X as to press the center of the roll 64 into the felt, rather than away from it.
  • a number of the rolls 44-50 and 64-70 may be curved rolls as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, while the re maining ones of these rolls may be straight cylindrical perforated rolls of a conventional kind, supplied with dry heated air to aid in drying the felt, or these rolls may be straight cylindrical rolls.
  • the rolls 44, 46, 50, 64, 66, and 70 might be curved rolls; the rolls 48, 52, 68 and 72 could then be of the perforated straight type; while the remaining rolls 42, 54, 82, 84, 40, 60, 62, 74, 76, 86, and 88 would be plain cylindrical rolls.
  • the best judgment as to the optimum number and location of the curved rolls must be based upon experience with various applications, as well as the controlling variables previously discussed.
  • the stretching action of the apparatus has no permanent effect on a modern felt of synthetic material, e.g., nylon, which assumes no permanent set when stretched as moderately as required in the practice of this invention.
  • Any set in older felts of cotton or the like can be corrected merely by placing additional curved rolls at 54 and 76, oriented to give the centers of the felts a shorter path length than the edges through the return run to the rolls and 60, thereby correcting any bow distortion of the felts by equalizing their paths through their total lengths.
  • curved rolls 86 of the adjustable-bow type may be used in place of the fixed-bow type shown in FIGS. 2-4.
  • the plane P of curvature may coincide with a perpendicular bisector of the wrap angle W, since the amount of curvature may be adjusted appropriately without moving the axle. This affords a more facile means for controlling the differential stretching of the felt, since it is unnecessary to stop the paper machine in order to adjust the roll. In the illustrated posi tion of the roll 86, it has no expanding or contracting effect on the felt.
  • FIG. 6 gives a graphical comparison of typical mois ture profiles of paper webs made on the same machine with and without the use of this invention.
  • the abscissa represents various points spaced across the width of the paper web, while the ordinate shows actual percentages of moisture content at these points relative toanominal standard.
  • Curve A shows a typical profile a paper made with rolls of the conventional perforated steam-supplied type in all of the dryer banks, e.g., at all of the positions 44-50 and 64-70 in FIG. I, and with no curved rolls in the felt runs.
  • Curve B shows a typical profile using three curved rolls in the lower dryer bank, e.g., at the positions 64, 68, 72 in FIG. I, and with the perforated rolls left in place at the remaining positions.
  • the maximum difference in percentage moisture between the wettest location near the center, and the dryest near the left or back edge was about 1.6 percent; while in Curve B, the maximum difference was reduced to about 1.0 percent.
  • Another alternative within the scope of the broader aspects of the invention is to employ known types of barrel-shaped rolls in place of the preferred types of curved rolls. However, this does not permit a convenient or practical means of adjustment of the amount of differential longitudinal tension applied at different points across the width of the felt. It would be necessary to replace such barrel rolls, which have a fixed curvature, with other differently curved barrel rolls in order to bring about such adjustments.
  • a control system for automatically adjusting the angular orientation of a curved roll 64 of the fixed-bow type shown in FIG. 3.
  • the paper web 10 passes before a moisture scanner or detector 114 ofa conventional and commercially available type, which may operate on the principle of measurement of transmitted nuclear radiation, or that of measurement of admittance of radio-frequency radiation, or otherwise, to determine the moisture content of the paper.
  • Suitable scanners are available, for example, from the Measurex Company of Cupertino, Calif, or from the Industrial Nucleonics Corporation of Columbus, Ohio.
  • the scanner 114 is traversed back and forth across the width of the web 10, as shown by the arrows, by suitable mechanism (not shown), and is supported by a stationary frame 116, 118.
  • Signals indicating the moisture content at various transverse locations of the scanner are transmitted on a continuous basis through leads 112 to a control circuit 110, which compares these signals to determine the difference in moisture content across the width of the paper.
  • the control circuit compares this difference with a predetermined acceptable value, and supplies output signals through leads 108 to control a reversible servomotor 106, which has a driving connection 104 with a gear 102, in turn meshed with a gear 100 mounted onthe shaft 82 of the roll 64.
  • the control circuit and servomotor are so arranged that an increasing difference between the moisture content in the center and edges of the paper, in excess of a predetermined acceptable difference, turns the axle 82 clockwise as seen in FIG.
  • FIG. 8 An automatic control system for an adjustable-bow curved roll 86, of the type shown in FIG. 5, is illustrated in FIG. 8.
  • the roll is of the same general type described and claimed by US. Pat. Nos. 2,689,392, issued Sept. 2 l 1954; and 2,898,662, issued Aug. 11, 1959, both to John Douglas Robertson, and assigned to the assignee of this application.
  • the roll 86 has an axle assembly 82 which includes an elongated axle member 128.
  • This member initially a cylindrical bar, is longitudinally slit at 131 on an axial plane from the right end as seen in FIG. 8, through a substantial part of its length, but the left end is left integral.
  • the slit 131 forms substantially hemicylindrical elements 130 and 132.
  • the right end of the element 132 is secured in a cup member 152, as by means of screws 154.
  • the right end of the element 130 is left free, and is axially abutted by a piston 136 which is conformably received in a cylinder 134 formed in the cup 152.
  • the axle assembly 82 is incorporated in a roll assembly 86 which has a flexible hollow surface sleeve 156 of rubber or other suitable material. This sleeve is received over an axially-spaced array of annular cylindrical spools 140, which are in turn rotatably mounted on the axle assembly by means of a series of axially spaced bearings 138.
  • the sleeve 156 is located with respect to the end-most spools by means of discs 158 attached thereto.
  • the bearings 138 are axially located by a ring 150 secured to the axle near one end, annular cylindrical spacers 148, 142, and 144, and the cup member 152.
  • a series of the spacers 142 and 144 have their mating ends chamfered as at 146 to allow realignment as required by changes in the degree of curvature of the axle.
  • Spring means such as Belleville washers (not shown) may be interposed in the stack of bearings and spacers to facilitate realignment of the parts as the axle curvature is changed, while maintaining axial preloading sufficient to insure accurate positioning of the bearings.
  • the sleeve 156 is thus supported for rotation in a stable curved form which follows the curvature of the axle assembly 82.
  • the control system of FIG. 8 includes a control circuit like that of FIG. 7, which is supplied by leads 112 with signals received from a similar scanner 114' (not shown) indicating the moisture content of the paper web at various transverse locations.
  • the circuit 110 supplies output signals through leads 108 to control a three-way electrically operated valve 120, which is supplied with pressurized fluid through a conduit 122.
  • the valve is operable by the output signals to supply pressurized fluid to the cylinder 134 through the conduit 126, or to drain fluid from the cylinder through an exhaust conduit 124, thereby to control the pressure acting on the piston 136.
  • the control circuit 110 and valve are so arranged that an increasing difference between the moisture content in the center and the edges of the paper, in excess of a predetermined acceptable difference, applies increased pressure to the piston 136 and thereby increases the curvature of the roll 86.
  • a decrease in the relative moisture of the center to less than a predetermined acceptable value conversely, results in a reduction in the pressure on the piston 136 and a correspondingly decreased curvature of the roll 86.
  • the pressure of the felt against the center of the drums is consequently relieved to restore the moisture differential to an acceptable value.
  • drums to form a path for the paper web to be wrapped successively about a substantial arcuate portion of each said drum. and to form a path for said felt to be wrapped about a substantial arcuate surface portion of each said drum in overlapping relation to said path for the paper web about each said drum; while extending the paths between said drums of various laterally spaced, longitudinally extending portions of said felt to different lengths changing continuously from the edges of the felt toward its center; detecting differences in the moisture content of the paper web at central and edge portions thereof;
  • said extending step being carried out by varying the relative path lengths of said various felt portions in a manner to apply different degrees of tension to said various felt portions and thereby to maintain the detected moisture differences within predetermined limits.
  • said step of orienting said roll being carried out by extending said convex surface portion of said roll into said central portion of said felt;
  • said step of adjusting said roll being carried out by increasing the extension of said convex surface portion into said felt in response to detection of an increasing difference in moisture content between the central and edge portions of the paper web in excess of a predetermined standard, and by decreasing the extension of said convex surface into said felt in response to detection of a decreasing difference in moisture content between the central and edge portions of the web to less than a predetermined standard.
  • Apparatus for drying a paper web of indefinite length issuing from a papermaking machine, said apparatus comprising in combination:
  • said roll having a fixed curvature in planes parallel to an axial plane of curvature thereof; said roll being oriented to extend various laterallyspaced longitudinally extending portions of said felt through different path lengths between said drums, said path lengths changing continuously from the edges of said felt toward its center; thereby to apply different degrees of tension to said various portions of said felt in a manner to increase the uniformity of moisture distribution in said paper web;
  • control means for detecting differences in the moisture content of the paper web at central and edge portions thereof, and for comparing the differences with predetermined standards;
  • control means being operatively connected to control said adjusting means to position said plane of curvature of said roll in a manner tending to reduce said moisture differences to no more than said predetermined standards, by means of resulting adjustments of the relative path lengths of central and edge portions of said felt.
  • control means being constructed and arranged to actuate said adjusting means to adjust said plane of curvature in such an angular direction as to extend said convex portion further into said felt in response to detection of an increasing difference in moisture content between said central and edge portions of the paper web in excess of a predetermined standard, and to actuate said adjusting means in an opposite angular direction to partially retract said convex portion from said felt in response to detection of a decreasing difference in moisture content between said central and edge portions of the paper web to less than a predetermined standard.
  • Apparatus for drying a paper web of indefinite length issuing from a papermaking machine. said apparatus comprising in combination:
  • said roll having an adjustable degree of curvature in planes parallel to an axial plane of curvature thereof; said roll being oriented to extend various laterallyspaced longitudinally extending portions of said felt through different path lengths between said drums, said path lengths changing continuously from the edges of said felt toward its center; thereby to apply different degrees of tension to said various portions of said felt in a manner to increase the uniformity of moisture distribution in said paper web;
  • control means for detecting differences in the moisture content of the paper web at central and edge portions thereof, and for comparing the differences with predetermined standards;
  • control means being operatively connected to control said adjusting means to adjust the curvature of said roll in a manner tending to reduce said moisture differences to no more than said predetermined standards, by means of resulting adjustments of the relative path lengths of central and edge portions of said felt.
  • control means being constructed and arranged to actuate said adjusting means to increase the curvature of said roll. thereby to increase the path of a central portion of said felt, in response to detection of an increasing difference in moisture content between said central and edge portions of the paper web in excess of a predetermined standard, and to actuate said adjusting means to decrease the curvature of said roll, thereby to reduce the path of a central portion of said felt, in response to detection of a decreasing difference in moisture content between said central and edge portions of the paper web to less than a predetermined standard.
  • Apparatus for drying a paper web of indefinite length issuing from a papermaking machine, said apparatus comprising, in combination:
  • control means for detecting differences in the moisture content of the paper web at central and edge portions thereof, and for comparing the differences with a predetermined standard
  • said path-extending means being adjustable to vary the differential between the path lengths of central and edge portions of said felt
  • control means and said adjusting means being constructed and arranged to control said pathextending means in a manner tending to reduce said moisture differences to no more than said predetermined standard.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Paper (AREA)
US272354A 1972-07-17 1972-07-17 Method and apparatus for drying paper Expired - Lifetime US3878620A (en)

Priority Applications (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US272354A US3878620A (en) 1972-07-17 1972-07-17 Method and apparatus for drying paper
DE19732335291 DE2335291A1 (de) 1972-07-17 1973-07-11 Verfahren und vorrichtung zum trocknen von papierbahnen
AU58014/73A AU5801473A (en) 1972-07-17 1973-07-12 Drying paper webs
FR7326230A FR2193118B3 (de) 1972-07-17 1973-07-13
ZA734799A ZA734799B (en) 1972-07-17 1973-07-16 Method and apparatus for drying paper
IT69120/73A IT991769B (it) 1972-07-17 1973-07-16 Procedimento e dispositivo per l es siccamento della cart

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US272354A US3878620A (en) 1972-07-17 1972-07-17 Method and apparatus for drying paper

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US3878620A true US3878620A (en) 1975-04-22

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US272354A Expired - Lifetime US3878620A (en) 1972-07-17 1972-07-17 Method and apparatus for drying paper

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US (1) US3878620A (de)
AU (1) AU5801473A (de)
DE (1) DE2335291A1 (de)
FR (1) FR2193118B3 (de)
IT (1) IT991769B (de)
ZA (1) ZA734799B (de)

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5185052A (en) * 1990-06-06 1993-02-09 The Procter & Gamble Company High speed pleating apparatus
WO2003067165A1 (de) * 2002-02-02 2003-08-14 A. Monforts Textilmaschinen Gmbh & Co Hotflue
EP1653002A1 (de) * 2004-10-27 2006-05-03 Voith Fabrics Patent GmbH Temporäre Eigenschaftsänderung einer Papiermaschinenbespannung
US20060242855A1 (en) * 2003-09-11 2006-11-02 Konepaja Kopar Oy Rotating steam drying apparatus
US20080005918A1 (en) * 2006-01-23 2008-01-10 Turatti S.R.L. Apparatus for drying foodstuffs
US20130215202A1 (en) * 2012-02-22 2013-08-22 Kevin David Koller Helical dryer path for a print substrate web
US9481777B2 (en) 2012-03-30 2016-11-01 The Procter & Gamble Company Method of dewatering in a continuous high internal phase emulsion foam forming process

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4805274A (en) * 1986-01-21 1989-02-21 Sw Industries, Inc. Remote control for adjustable-curvature roll
BE1004802A3 (fr) * 1991-05-15 1993-02-02 V. Asten, Fabriques De Feutres Pour Papeteries, Societe Cooperative Procede et dispositif de sechage de bande de papier, de carton et de matieres analogues.

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2197823A (en) * 1935-04-22 1940-04-23 Young George Harold Moisture meter and controller
US2689392A (en) * 1952-05-23 1954-09-21 John D Robertson Adjustable-curvature expander roll and the like
US3151953A (en) * 1960-12-23 1964-10-06 Beloit Iron Works Belt conveying arrangement in paper drying machine
US3448529A (en) * 1965-07-13 1969-06-10 Scott Paper Co Apparatus for stabilizing paper webs
US3778908A (en) * 1971-07-27 1973-12-18 Black Dawson Co Paper machine drying apparatus

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2197823A (en) * 1935-04-22 1940-04-23 Young George Harold Moisture meter and controller
US2689392A (en) * 1952-05-23 1954-09-21 John D Robertson Adjustable-curvature expander roll and the like
US3151953A (en) * 1960-12-23 1964-10-06 Beloit Iron Works Belt conveying arrangement in paper drying machine
US3448529A (en) * 1965-07-13 1969-06-10 Scott Paper Co Apparatus for stabilizing paper webs
US3778908A (en) * 1971-07-27 1973-12-18 Black Dawson Co Paper machine drying apparatus

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5185052A (en) * 1990-06-06 1993-02-09 The Procter & Gamble Company High speed pleating apparatus
WO2003067165A1 (de) * 2002-02-02 2003-08-14 A. Monforts Textilmaschinen Gmbh & Co Hotflue
US20060242855A1 (en) * 2003-09-11 2006-11-02 Konepaja Kopar Oy Rotating steam drying apparatus
EP1653002A1 (de) * 2004-10-27 2006-05-03 Voith Fabrics Patent GmbH Temporäre Eigenschaftsänderung einer Papiermaschinenbespannung
US20060194490A1 (en) * 2004-10-27 2006-08-31 Voith Paper Patent Gmbh Temporary changes in the properties of papermachine clothing
US20080005918A1 (en) * 2006-01-23 2008-01-10 Turatti S.R.L. Apparatus for drying foodstuffs
US7958650B2 (en) * 2006-01-23 2011-06-14 Turatti S.R.L. Apparatus for drying foodstuffs
US20130215202A1 (en) * 2012-02-22 2013-08-22 Kevin David Koller Helical dryer path for a print substrate web
US9481777B2 (en) 2012-03-30 2016-11-01 The Procter & Gamble Company Method of dewatering in a continuous high internal phase emulsion foam forming process
US9809693B2 (en) 2012-03-30 2017-11-07 The Procter & Gamble Company Method of dewatering in a continuous high internal phase emulsion foam forming process

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Publication number Publication date
FR2193118B3 (de) 1976-07-02
FR2193118A1 (de) 1974-02-15
IT991769B (it) 1975-08-30
ZA734799B (en) 1974-11-27
DE2335291A1 (de) 1974-02-21
AU5801473A (en) 1975-01-16

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