US3878592A - Molybdenum nickel chromium bonded titanium carbide - Google Patents

Molybdenum nickel chromium bonded titanium carbide Download PDF

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Publication number
US3878592A
US3878592A US210657A US21065771A US3878592A US 3878592 A US3878592 A US 3878592A US 210657 A US210657 A US 210657A US 21065771 A US21065771 A US 21065771A US 3878592 A US3878592 A US 3878592A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
molybdenum
chromium
nickel
percent
titanium carbide
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US210657A
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English (en)
Inventor
Jr Michael Humenik
David Moskowitz
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Ford Motor Co
Original Assignee
Ford Motor Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Ford Motor Co filed Critical Ford Motor Co
Priority to US210657A priority Critical patent/US3878592A/en
Priority to ZA727372A priority patent/ZA727372B/xx
Priority to CA154,511A priority patent/CA968545A/en
Priority to AU47987/72A priority patent/AU464372B2/en
Priority to IT53826/72A priority patent/IT973402B/it
Priority to BR008465/72A priority patent/BR7208465D0/pt
Priority to GB5772872A priority patent/GB1357680A/en
Priority to IL41090A priority patent/IL41090A/xx
Priority to SE7216617A priority patent/SE392916B/xx
Priority to FR7245407A priority patent/FR2165624A5/fr
Priority to AR245773A priority patent/AR195992A1/es
Priority to DE19722262533 priority patent/DE2262533B2/de
Priority to JP47128349A priority patent/JPS4870604A/ja
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3878592A publication Critical patent/US3878592A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C29/00—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides
    • C22C29/02—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides based on carbides or carbonitrides
    • C22C29/06—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides based on carbides or carbonitrides based on carbides, but not containing other metal compounds
    • C22C29/10—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides based on carbides or carbonitrides based on carbides, but not containing other metal compounds based on titanium carbide
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C29/00—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides
    • C22C29/02—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides based on carbides or carbonitrides
    • C22C29/06—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides based on carbides or carbonitrides based on carbides, but not containing other metal compounds
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T407/00—Cutters, for shaping
    • Y10T407/27—Cutters, for shaping comprising tool of specific chemical composition

Definitions

  • This invention is predicated upon the fact that the thermal performance of titanium carbide cutting tools can be enormously improved by substituting chromium for a portion of the nickel in the nickel molybdenum binding alloy. Optimum results have been obtained by replacing between 40 and I percent of the nickel in the bonding alloy by chromium.
  • the chromium will be added to the powder mix before compaction and may be added as elemental chromium.
  • chromium carbide. a solid solution of chromium carbide in titanium carbide. a nickel alloy. or any mixture of these sources of chromium.
  • a typical cutting tool produced by this invention comprises 22:5 percent nickel. 10.0 percent molybdenum. five percent chromium with the remainder titanium carbide and incidental impurities.
  • the binding alloys were added as approximately five micron powder.
  • a titanium carbide powder composition having the following analysis was chosen as the base material:
  • the grinding operations were conducted in a Hastelloy B mill containing titanium carbide base balls. acetone being added to inhibit oxidation ofthe charge during the 96 hour milling period. After milling the acetone was evaporated and four percent wax binder was added. Upon drying the powder was pressed in a steel die at a pressure of about l0 tons per square inch.
  • the cold pressed compacts were presintered in a hydrogen ambient at l.2()0 Fahrenheit for 1 hour to dewax the specimens.
  • Final sintering was performed on an inert stool and in an inert ambient at 2.500 Fahrenheit for l hour in an induction furnace. An absolute pressure of about 0.] to 1.0 microns was maintained in the furnace although any suitable inert ambient will be satisfactory. Additional suitable inert ambients are dry hydrogen. argon or helium.
  • the sintering temperature is. of course. a function of sintering time. the time being shortened as the temperature is raised. In any event the sintering temperature should not exceed 2.700 Fahrenheit to avoid substantial grain growth. The time and temperature of sintering must be adjusted so that the grain size of the titanium carbide in the finished article is not substantially larger than approximately five microns.
  • the initial binding alloy contain at least 10 percent of molybdenum to take advantage of the ability of this metal to cause alloys containing it to wet the surface of the hard titanium carbide particles.
  • the titanium carbide employed in these cutting tools prior to sintering should be effectively free of molybdenum carbides in solid solution.
  • the mechanism of the improvement appears to be as follows.
  • the performance of these modified tools is particularly improved in making roughing or intermittent cuts where the actual cutting edge of the tool is rapidly and intermittently heated and cooled.
  • These thermal excursions of the cutting tool edge are due to the fact that at least a portion of the cutting edge of the tool is out of actual contact with the work during a. portion of a revolution of the work piece due to casting defects. nonconcentricity of parts of the work piece with the axis of the cutting machine. or cutting across depressions deliberately provided such as key ways.
  • All of the tool edge actually and instantaneously engaged in cutting becomes highly heated by cutting friction. As a portion or all of the cutting edge becomes disengaged momentarily from the work it becomes exposed to the quenching effect of the cutting coolant or the self-quenching effect of the adjacent cool parts of the tool. These repeated thermal excursions of the tool edge cause the metal to expand and cause stress beyond the yield point resulting in permanent deformation or strain. These cumulative repeated plastic deformations of the tool edge result in premature failure of the tool.
  • FIG. 1 of the drawings is a slightly magnified photograph of a conventional titanium carbide cutting tool which has failed by repeated thermal strain. Note the destruction of the working tip of the tool.
  • FIG. 2 also depicts a conventional titanium carbide cutting tool at an earlier stage of failure. Note that this cutting tool exhibits severe thermal cracking and that the cracks are disposed both normal to the cutting edge and parallel to the cutting edge. It is the presence of the cracks parallel to the cutting edge which promotes catastrophic failure of the tool bit.
  • This drawing shows an unmodified titanium base tool containing as bonding metals 17.5 percent nickel and nine percent molybdenum. This particular tool had machined one hundred automotive rear axle pinion gears in a rough turning and facing operation.
  • FIG. 3 shows the crack pattern obtained on the same base composition modified by the presence of chromium. the chromium was present to the extent of percent of the nickel content.
  • This tool was employed in the same machining operation of the rear axle pinion gears and at the same machining operation of the rear axle pinion gears and at the time the photograph was taken had machined two hundred pieces or twice as many as the tool shown in FIG. 2. Attention is especially invited to the fact that in this tool the thermal cracks are oriented only normally to the edge of the cutting tool instead of normal and parallel to the edge as shown in FIG. 2. The tool in FIG. 3 is still in operable condition. The absence of cracks parallel to the edge of the tool makes the decrepitation of the bit much less likely to occur.
  • An admixture for making a hard sintered metallic cutting tool highly resistant to thermal shock and wear comprising:
  • a base particulate constituent consisting essentially of titanium carbide and being free of detrimental quantities of nitrides and oxides and further being essentially free of dissolved molybdenum. molyb-.
  • a binder constituent comprising l0-50 percent of the admixture and consisting essentially ofa particulate having elements selected from the iron group.
  • nickel elemental chromium and molybdenum said elemental chromium being present in the binder as chromium or chromium carbide compounds or a mixture thereof and being present in a weight amount between 10-40 percent of said nickel. and said molybdenum being present as molybdenum or molybdenum compounds in an amount between 25-70 percent of said nickel.
  • An admixture for making a hard sintered metallic cutting tool highly resistant to thermal shock and wear comprising:
  • a base particulate constituent consisting essentially of titanium carbide and being free of detrimental quantities of nitrides and oxides and further being essentially free of dissolved molybdenum and molybdenum carbides.
  • a binder constituent comprising 10-50 percent of the admixture and consisting essentially ofa particulate having elemental or combined forms of nickel.
  • chromium and molybdenum the chromium form being present in the binder in an amount measured as elemental chromium in the range between l0-40 percent of said nickel form. and said molybdenum form being present in an amount between 25-70 percent of said nickel form and said binder.
  • a sintered metallic cutting tool as in claim 1. in which said tool is sintered at a temperature not in excess of 2.700 F. thereby maintaining thegrain size of the titanium carbide base material at a size equal to or less than 5 microns.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Cutting Tools, Boring Holders, And Turrets (AREA)
  • Ceramic Products (AREA)
  • Excavating Of Shafts Or Tunnels (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
US210657A 1971-12-22 1971-12-22 Molybdenum nickel chromium bonded titanium carbide Expired - Lifetime US3878592A (en)

Priority Applications (13)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US210657A US3878592A (en) 1971-12-22 1971-12-22 Molybdenum nickel chromium bonded titanium carbide
ZA727372A ZA727372B (en) 1971-12-22 1972-10-16 Molybdenum nickel chromium bonded titanium carbide
CA154,511A CA968545A (en) 1971-12-22 1972-10-17 Molybdenum nickel chromium bonded titanium carbide
AU47987/72A AU464372B2 (en) 1971-12-22 1972-10-20 Method of making a ferrous workpiece using a cutting bit of molybdenum nickel chromium bonded titanium carbide
IT53826/72A IT973402B (it) 1971-12-22 1972-11-06 Procedimento per la realizzazione di tagli di sgrossatura o inter mittenti su pezzi in lavorazione di metalli ferrosi
BR008465/72A BR7208465D0 (pt) 1971-12-22 1972-12-01 Processo para desbastar ou cortar intermitentemente uma peca de metal ferroso
GB5772872A GB1357680A (en) 1971-12-22 1972-12-14 Method of maching a ferrous workpiece using a cutting bit of molybdenum nickel chromium bonded titanium carbide
IL41090A IL41090A (en) 1971-12-22 1972-12-14 A process of making a roughing or intermittent cut upon a ferrous metal work piece
SE7216617A SE392916B (sv) 1971-12-22 1972-12-19 Sintrad, metallisk presskropp innehallande karbider, samt komposition for framstellning av presskroppen
FR7245407A FR2165624A5 (it) 1971-12-22 1972-12-20
AR245773A AR195992A1 (es) 1971-12-22 1972-12-21 Compacto metalico sinterizado duro
DE19722262533 DE2262533B2 (de) 1971-12-22 1972-12-21 Verwendung eines karbid-hartmetalls zur herstellung von schneideinsaetzenden fuer die spanende bearbeitung von metallischen, insbesondere eisenhaltigen, werkstuecken
JP47128349A JPS4870604A (it) 1971-12-22 1972-12-22

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US210657A US3878592A (en) 1971-12-22 1971-12-22 Molybdenum nickel chromium bonded titanium carbide

Publications (1)

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US3878592A true US3878592A (en) 1975-04-22

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Family Applications (1)

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US210657A Expired - Lifetime US3878592A (en) 1971-12-22 1971-12-22 Molybdenum nickel chromium bonded titanium carbide

Country Status (13)

Country Link
US (1) US3878592A (it)
JP (1) JPS4870604A (it)
AR (1) AR195992A1 (it)
AU (1) AU464372B2 (it)
BR (1) BR7208465D0 (it)
CA (1) CA968545A (it)
DE (1) DE2262533B2 (it)
FR (1) FR2165624A5 (it)
GB (1) GB1357680A (it)
IL (1) IL41090A (it)
IT (1) IT973402B (it)
SE (1) SE392916B (it)
ZA (1) ZA727372B (it)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4019874A (en) * 1975-11-24 1977-04-26 Ford Motor Company Cemented titanium carbide tool for intermittent cutting application
US4983212A (en) * 1987-10-26 1991-01-08 Hitachi Metals, Ltd. Cermet alloys and composite mechanical parts made by employing them
US5328763A (en) * 1993-02-03 1994-07-12 Kennametal Inc. Spray powder for hardfacing and part with hardfacing
US5468278A (en) * 1992-11-11 1995-11-21 Hitachi Metals, Ltd. Cermet alloy

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2269182B (en) * 1992-06-08 1996-09-04 Nippon Tungsten Titanium-base hard sintered alloy

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3215510A (en) * 1963-10-02 1965-11-02 Gen Electric Alloy
US3480410A (en) * 1968-05-15 1969-11-25 Fansteel Inc Wc-crc-co sintered composite
US3507631A (en) * 1968-07-17 1970-04-21 Du Pont Nitride-refractory metal cutting tools
US3552937A (en) * 1968-02-10 1971-01-05 Tokyo Shibaura Electric Co Sintered alloys of a chromium carbide-tungsten carbide-nickel system
US3551991A (en) * 1969-04-16 1971-01-05 Gen Electric Infiltrated cemented carbides

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3215510A (en) * 1963-10-02 1965-11-02 Gen Electric Alloy
US3552937A (en) * 1968-02-10 1971-01-05 Tokyo Shibaura Electric Co Sintered alloys of a chromium carbide-tungsten carbide-nickel system
US3480410A (en) * 1968-05-15 1969-11-25 Fansteel Inc Wc-crc-co sintered composite
US3507631A (en) * 1968-07-17 1970-04-21 Du Pont Nitride-refractory metal cutting tools
US3551991A (en) * 1969-04-16 1971-01-05 Gen Electric Infiltrated cemented carbides

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4019874A (en) * 1975-11-24 1977-04-26 Ford Motor Company Cemented titanium carbide tool for intermittent cutting application
US4983212A (en) * 1987-10-26 1991-01-08 Hitachi Metals, Ltd. Cermet alloys and composite mechanical parts made by employing them
US5468278A (en) * 1992-11-11 1995-11-21 Hitachi Metals, Ltd. Cermet alloy
US5328763A (en) * 1993-02-03 1994-07-12 Kennametal Inc. Spray powder for hardfacing and part with hardfacing
WO1994017940A1 (en) * 1993-02-03 1994-08-18 Kennametal Inc. Spray powder for hardfacing and part with hardfacing

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB1357680A (en) 1974-06-26
DE2262533A1 (de) 1973-07-19
AR195992A1 (es) 1973-11-23
IL41090A0 (en) 1973-02-28
IT973402B (it) 1974-06-10
FR2165624A5 (it) 1973-08-03
BR7208465D0 (pt) 1973-08-30
ZA727372B (en) 1973-07-25
SE392916B (sv) 1977-04-25
AU4798772A (en) 1974-04-26
AU464372B2 (en) 1975-08-21
DE2262533B2 (de) 1976-01-22
CA968545A (en) 1975-06-03
JPS4870604A (it) 1973-09-25
IL41090A (en) 1975-08-31

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