US2299871A - Cutting metal alloy - Google Patents

Cutting metal alloy Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US2299871A
US2299871A US386085A US38608541A US2299871A US 2299871 A US2299871 A US 2299871A US 386085 A US386085 A US 386085A US 38608541 A US38608541 A US 38608541A US 2299871 A US2299871 A US 2299871A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
per cent
cobalt
alloy
zirconium
tungsten
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US386085A
Inventor
Baird Charles
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
CROBALT Inc
Original Assignee
CROBALT Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by CROBALT Inc filed Critical CROBALT Inc
Priority to US386085A priority Critical patent/US2299871A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2299871A publication Critical patent/US2299871A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C19/00—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt
    • C22C19/03—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel
    • C22C19/05—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium
    • C22C19/051—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium and Mo or W
    • C22C19/053—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium and Mo or W with the maximum Cr content being at least 30% but less than 40%

Definitions

  • This invention relates toalloys especially adapted for use in making tool bits for cutting .metals, as hard surfacing rods, and for makin wear plates. More specifically this invention relates to chromium containing alloys having tungsten and/or molybdenum carbides in a matrix composed of cobalt or nickel, or a mixture of cobalt and nickel.
  • Alloys comprising some 40 to 55 per cent cobalt, 15. to 40 per cent chromium, 3 to 17 per cent tungsten, and 0.5 to 4 per cent carbon are known in the art relating to cuttingtools under trade names such as Stellite," Crobalt” and "Rexalloy.
  • the present invention deals with the addition of from .01 to 5 per cent vanadium and from .01 to 4 per cent zirconiumor titanium, or a mixture of zirconium and titanium, to alloys containing from to 35 per cent chromium, from 1 to 4 such as cobalt or nickel, or a mixture of cobalt and nickel.
  • the vanadium acts on the tungsten or molybdenum as a carbide forming catalyst while the zirconium and the titanium toughens the metal and prevents chipping.
  • zirconium and the titanium may be subjected to harsh grindin operations for sharpening the same without the formation of heat checks.
  • the alloys of this invention may be considered as chromium alloys containing tungsten and/or molybdenum carbides in a matrix forming metal selected from the group consisting of cobalt, nickel, and mixtures of cobalt and nickel together with vanadium as a carbide promoting catalyst and zirconium or titanium as a toughener.
  • alloys of this invention are within the following ranges of composition:
  • Iron may be omitted entirely since it merely acts as a diluent but its presence is specified in the above ranges inasmuch as iron is always found as an impurity in the other ingredients and has no appreciable harmful eilect within the ranges specified.
  • Cobalt is preferred as the matrix forming metal but can be partially or entirely replaced with Per cent Tungsten 17.20 Chromium 30.40 Cobalt 46.40 Iron 1.70 Carbon 2.55 Zirconium 0.66 (approx) Vanadium 0.32 (approx)
  • the useful life of cutting tools made of this alloy exceeds that of identically shaped tools prepared from Stellite, as shown by the followin comparative tests of such tools under identical 7 working conditions:
  • Vanadium 0.10 (approx Zirconium
  • the alloys oi. this invention may be prepam.
  • the molten alloy can be cast directly into tool bit shapes in graphite molds and the cast tool bit need only be ground to size for fitting into lathes or other cutting machines.
  • Other articles which require a hard wear resistant surface may be prepared from the alloys of this invention.
  • the alloys may be cast into welding rods from about to inch in diameter and about 12 inches long. Such welding rods are useful to hard surface steel by being puddled onto the steel. Likewise the alloys can be cast directly into wear plate shape.
  • alloys of this invention have about three times the cutting tool life of Stellite alloy.
  • a chromium alloy adapted for cutting tools characterized by metal carbides in a non-ferrous metal matrix comprising substantially 15 to 35 per cent chromium, 1 to 4 per cent carbon, 10 to 30 per cent of metal selected from the group consisting of tungsten, molybdenum, and mixtures of tungsten and molybdenum, .01 to per cent vanadium, .01 to 4 per cent of metal selected from the group consisting of zirconium, titanium and mixtures of zirconium and titanium, .01 to 5 per cent iron, and 20 to 60 per cent of non-ferrous matrix forming metal selected from the group consisting of cobalt. nickel. and mixtures of cobalt and nickel. said alloy having longer cutting tool life than the same alloy without vanadium. zirconium or titanium.
  • a chromium alloy characterized by the presence of metal carbides in a non-ferrous metal matrix comprising substantially 29 to 32 per cent chromium, 2 to 3 per cent carbon, 17 to 19 per cent of metal selected from the group consisting of tungsten, molybdenum, and mixtures of tungsten and molybdenum, 0.1 to 0.4 per cent vanadium, 0.1 to 1 per cent metal selected from the group consisting of zirconium, titanium, and mixtures of zirconium and titanium, 0.5 to 2.5 per cent iron, and 44 to 48 per cent of matrix forming metal selected from the group consisting of cobalt, nickel, and mixtures of cobalt and nickel, said alloy having longer cutting tool life than the same alloy without vanadium, zirconium or titanium.
  • An alloy comprising substantially 15 to 35 per cent chromium, l to 4 per cent carbon, to 30 per cent tungsten, .01 to 5 per cent iron, .01 to 5 per cent vanadium, .01 to 4 per cent metal selected from the-group consisting of zirconium, titanium, and mixtures of zirconium and titanium, and the remainder substantially all cobalt, said remainder constituting about 20 to 60 per cent of the alloy.
  • Arr alloy adapted for cutting tools characterized by the presence of tungsten carbides in a non-ferrous metal matrix which comprises to 35 per cent chromium, 1 to 4 per cent carbon, 10
  • the method of toughening cutting tool alloys of the type having carbides in a matrix of cobalt or nickel which comprises incorporating into the melt small amounts of at least one metal selected from the group consisting of zirconium and titanium, and casting the alloy.
  • An alloy comprising about 17 per cent tungsten, about 30 per cent chromium, about 47 per cent cobalt, about 2 per cent iron, about 3 per cent carbon, about 0.3 per cent vanadium, and about 0.7 per cent zirconium.
  • An alloy adaptedfor cutting tools comprising substantially about 15 to 35 per cent chromium, about 1 to 4 per cent carbon, about 10 to 30 per cent of at least one metal selected from the group consisting of tungsten and molybdenum, vanadium about .01 to 5 per cent, zirconium about .01 to 2 per cent, iron about .01 to- 5 per cent, and the remainder substantially all cobalt.
  • a cutting tool alloy comprising about 15 to 35 per cent chromium, about 1 to 4 percent carbon, about 10 to 30 per cent of at least one metal selected from the group consisting of tungsten and molybdenum, iron about .01 to 5 per cent, about .1 to .4 per cent vanadium, about .5 to 1.0 per cent zirconium, and the remainder substantially all cobalt.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Cutting Tools, Boring Holders, And Turrets (AREA)

Description

Patented, Oct. 27, 1942 CUTTING METAL ALLOY Charles Baird, Ann Arbor, Mich.I assignor to Crobalt, Inc., Ann Arbor, Mich., a corporation or Michigan No Drawing. Application March. 31, 1941, Serial No. 386,085
Claims.
This invention relates toalloys especially adapted for use in making tool bits for cutting .metals, as hard surfacing rods, and for makin wear plates. More specifically this invention relates to chromium containing alloys having tungsten and/or molybdenum carbides in a matrix composed of cobalt or nickel, or a mixture of cobalt and nickel.
This application is a continuation in part of my copending application Serial No. 330,139, filed April 17, 1940.
Alloys comprising some 40 to 55 per cent cobalt, 15. to 40 per cent chromium, 3 to 17 per cent tungsten, and 0.5 to 4 per cent carbon are known in the art relating to cuttingtools under trade names such as Stellite," Crobalt" and "Rexalloy.
The present invention deals with the addition of from .01 to 5 per cent vanadium and from .01 to 4 per cent zirconiumor titanium, or a mixture of zirconium and titanium, to alloys containing from to 35 per cent chromium, from 1 to 4 such as cobalt or nickel, or a mixture of cobalt and nickel. The vanadium acts on the tungsten or molybdenum as a carbide forming catalyst while the zirconium and the titanium toughens the metal and prevents chipping. As a result tool bits of this invention containing zirconium or titanium may be subjected to harsh grindin operations for sharpening the same without the formation of heat checks. v
The alloys of this invention may be considered as chromium alloys containing tungsten and/or molybdenum carbides in a matrix forming metal selected from the group consisting of cobalt, nickel, and mixtures of cobalt and nickel together with vanadium as a carbide promoting catalyst and zirconium or titanium as a toughener.
The alloys of this invention are within the following ranges of composition:
Of course slight quantities of silicon, manganese, and other metals incidentally present in the alloys as impurities do not have any harmful effect. p
Iron may be omitted entirely since it merely acts as a diluent but its presence is specified in the above ranges inasmuch as iron is always found as an impurity in the other ingredients and has no appreciable harmful eilect within the ranges specified.
Cobalt is preferred as the matrix forming metal but can be partially or entirely replaced with Per cent Tungsten 17.20 Chromium 30.40 Cobalt 46.40 Iron 1.70 Carbon 2.55 Zirconium 0.66 (approx) Vanadium 0.32 (approx) The useful life of cutting tools made of this alloy exceeds that of identically shaped tools prepared from Stellite, as shown by the followin comparative tests of such tools under identical 7 working conditions:
Life of Life of Sue oi piece novel alloy stelIite Pieces ,4 sq. 346 325 56 x M 83 70 sq. 45 43 36 sq. 6 6 ii 1: ii 56 43 56 sq- 48 34 54 s 5 32 35 it x 8 6 M x M x 6... 44 35 it sq. x 6.-.. 169 l57 A sq. x. 29 27 Similar results have been obtained from another alloy having the following, composition:
* Per cent Tungsten 13.80 Chromium 29.10 Iron 2.30 Carbon 2.70 "Cobalt 46.00
Vanadium 0.10 (approx Zirconium The alloys oi. this invention may be prepam.
0.15 (approz-O according to methods known to the art but are preferably made in indirect are electric furnaces of the rocking type. The molten alloy can be cast directly into tool bit shapes in graphite molds and the cast tool bit need only be ground to size for fitting into lathes or other cutting machines. Other articles which require a hard wear resistant surface may be prepared from the alloys of this invention. For example, the alloys may be cast into welding rods from about to inch in diameter and about 12 inches long. Such welding rods are useful to hard surface steel by being puddled onto the steel. Likewise the alloys can be cast directly into wear plate shape.
In general the alloys of this invention have about three times the cutting tool life of Stellite alloy.
Many details as to composition may be varied through a wide range without departiing from the principles of this invention, and it is, therefore, not my purpose to limit the patent granted on this invention otherwise than necessitated by the scope of the appended claims.
I claim as my invention:
1. A chromium alloy adapted for cutting tools characterized by metal carbides in a non-ferrous metal matrix comprising substantially 15 to 35 per cent chromium, 1 to 4 per cent carbon, 10 to 30 per cent of metal selected from the group consisting of tungsten, molybdenum, and mixtures of tungsten and molybdenum, .01 to per cent vanadium, .01 to 4 per cent of metal selected from the group consisting of zirconium, titanium and mixtures of zirconium and titanium, .01 to 5 per cent iron, and 20 to 60 per cent of non-ferrous matrix forming metal selected from the group consisting of cobalt. nickel. and mixtures of cobalt and nickel. said alloy having longer cutting tool life than the same alloy without vanadium. zirconium or titanium.
2. A chromium alloy characterized by the presence of metal carbides in a non-ferrous metal matrix comprising substantially 29 to 32 per cent chromium, 2 to 3 per cent carbon, 17 to 19 per cent of metal selected from the group consisting of tungsten, molybdenum, and mixtures of tungsten and molybdenum, 0.1 to 0.4 per cent vanadium, 0.1 to 1 per cent metal selected from the group consisting of zirconium, titanium, and mixtures of zirconium and titanium, 0.5 to 2.5 per cent iron, and 44 to 48 per cent of matrix forming metal selected from the group consisting of cobalt, nickel, and mixtures of cobalt and nickel, said alloy having longer cutting tool life than the same alloy without vanadium, zirconium or titanium.
3. An alloy comprising substantially 15 to 35 per cent chromium, l to 4 per cent carbon, to 30 per cent tungsten, .01 to 5 per cent iron, .01 to 5 per cent vanadium, .01 to 4 per cent metal selected from the-group consisting of zirconium, titanium, and mixtures of zirconium and titanium, and the remainder substantially all cobalt, said remainder constituting about 20 to 60 per cent of the alloy.
4. Arr alloy adapted for cutting tools characterized by the presence of tungsten carbides in a non-ferrous metal matrix which comprises to 35 per cent chromium, 1 to 4 per cent carbon, 10
to 30 per cent tungsten, .01 to 5 per cent vanadium, .01 to 4 per cent zirconium, .01 to 5 per cent iron, said ingredients forming from 40 to 80 per cent of the alloy, and the remainder a non-ferrous matrix forming metal selected from the group consisting of cobalt, nickel, and mixtures of cobalt and nickel, said remainder forming from to 60 per cent of the alloy.
5. The process of increasing the cutting life of cutting tool alloys composed of 15 to 35 per cent chromium, l to 4 per cent carbon, 10 to per cent of at least one metal selected from the group consisting of tungsten and molybdenum, and 20 to 60 per cent of a non-ferrous matrix metal selected from the group consisting of cobalt, nickel,
and mixtures of cobalt and nickel, which comprises catalyzing the formation of carbides by adding vanadium to the metal, toughening the metal by the addition of at least one metal selected from the group consisting of zirconium and titanium, melting the metal, and casting the molten metal.
6. The method of toughening cutting tool alloys of the type having carbides in a matrix of cobalt or nickel which comprises incorporating into the melt small amounts of at least one metal selected from the group consisting of zirconium and titanium, and casting the alloy.
. 7. An alloy comprising about 17 per cent tungsten, about 30 per cent chromium, about 47 per cent cobalt, about 2 per cent iron, about 3 per cent carbon, about 0.3 per cent vanadium, and about 0.7 per cent zirconium.
8. An alloy adaptedfor cutting tools comprising substantially about 15 to 35 per cent chromium, about 1 to 4 per cent carbon, about 10 to 30 per cent of at least one metal selected from the group consisting of tungsten and molybdenum, vanadium about .01 to 5 per cent, zirconium about .01 to 2 per cent, iron about .01 to- 5 per cent, and the remainder substantially all cobalt.
9. A cutting tool alloy comprising about 15 to 35 per cent chromium, about 1 to 4 percent carbon, about 10 to 30 per cent of at least one metal selected from the group consisting of tungsten and molybdenum, iron about .01 to 5 per cent, about .1 to .4 per cent vanadium, about .5 to 1.0 per cent zirconium, and the remainder substantially all cobalt.
10. An alloy of the cutting tool type containing chromium, carbon, metal selected from the group consisting of tungsten, molybdenum and mixtures of tungsten and molybdenum and matrix forming metal selected from the group consisting of cobalt, nickel and mixtures of cobalt and nickel characterized by the presence 01 .01 to 5% vanadium and .01 to 4% of metals selected from the group consisting of zirconium, titanium and mixtures of zirconium and titani said alloy having longer cutting tool life than the same alloy without vanadium, zirconium or titanium.
CHARLES BAIRD.
US386085A 1941-03-31 1941-03-31 Cutting metal alloy Expired - Lifetime US2299871A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US386085A US2299871A (en) 1941-03-31 1941-03-31 Cutting metal alloy

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US386085A US2299871A (en) 1941-03-31 1941-03-31 Cutting metal alloy

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US2299871A true US2299871A (en) 1942-10-27

Family

ID=23524095

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US386085A Expired - Lifetime US2299871A (en) 1941-03-31 1941-03-31 Cutting metal alloy

Country Status (1)

Country Link
US (1) US2299871A (en)

Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2458502A (en) * 1944-06-30 1949-01-11 Coast Metals Inc Structural element for high temperature service use
US2474001A (en) * 1945-05-30 1949-06-21 California Research Corp Oxidation of organic compounds
US2503608A (en) * 1949-03-17 1950-04-11 Thompson Prod Inc Weldable nickel base alloy
DE927787C (en) * 1945-03-16 1955-05-16 Wiggin & Co Ltd Henry Welding wire or rod for build-up welding
US2713537A (en) * 1950-10-31 1955-07-19 Jessop William & Sons Ltd Cobalt base alloy
US2801165A (en) * 1955-09-30 1957-07-30 Coast Metals Inc Cobalt-base alloys
US2841511A (en) * 1952-09-16 1958-07-01 Onera (Off Nat Aerospatiale) Metal alloy and its manufacturing process
US2994605A (en) * 1959-03-30 1961-08-01 Gen Electric High temperature alloys
US3068096A (en) * 1960-03-10 1962-12-11 Union Carbide Corp Wear-resistant alloy
US3170789A (en) * 1961-11-16 1965-02-23 Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp Nickel-base alloy
US3307939A (en) * 1963-06-04 1967-03-07 Boehler & Co Ag Geb Corrosion-resisting cobalt-chromium-tungsten alloys
US3937628A (en) * 1973-05-30 1976-02-10 Hitachi Metals, Ltd. Solid-solution strengthened austenitic alloys
US4331741A (en) * 1979-05-21 1982-05-25 The International Nickel Co., Inc. Nickel-base hard facing alloy

Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2458502A (en) * 1944-06-30 1949-01-11 Coast Metals Inc Structural element for high temperature service use
DE927787C (en) * 1945-03-16 1955-05-16 Wiggin & Co Ltd Henry Welding wire or rod for build-up welding
US2474001A (en) * 1945-05-30 1949-06-21 California Research Corp Oxidation of organic compounds
US2503608A (en) * 1949-03-17 1950-04-11 Thompson Prod Inc Weldable nickel base alloy
US2713537A (en) * 1950-10-31 1955-07-19 Jessop William & Sons Ltd Cobalt base alloy
US2841511A (en) * 1952-09-16 1958-07-01 Onera (Off Nat Aerospatiale) Metal alloy and its manufacturing process
US2801165A (en) * 1955-09-30 1957-07-30 Coast Metals Inc Cobalt-base alloys
US2994605A (en) * 1959-03-30 1961-08-01 Gen Electric High temperature alloys
US3068096A (en) * 1960-03-10 1962-12-11 Union Carbide Corp Wear-resistant alloy
US3170789A (en) * 1961-11-16 1965-02-23 Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp Nickel-base alloy
US3307939A (en) * 1963-06-04 1967-03-07 Boehler & Co Ag Geb Corrosion-resisting cobalt-chromium-tungsten alloys
US3937628A (en) * 1973-05-30 1976-02-10 Hitachi Metals, Ltd. Solid-solution strengthened austenitic alloys
US4331741A (en) * 1979-05-21 1982-05-25 The International Nickel Co., Inc. Nickel-base hard facing alloy

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US2299871A (en) Cutting metal alloy
US2122403A (en) Hard alloy
US2662010A (en) Cast tool steel
US3113862A (en) High speed steel
US2202821A (en) Hard metal alloy
US3644153A (en) Abrasion-resistant materials and certain alloys therefore
US2030343A (en) Alloys
US1602995A (en) Nonferrous alloy
JPS62501343A (en) Electric arc overlay electrode
US2438221A (en) Method of making a hard facing alloy
CN113621892A (en) Hard alloy milling cutter with high impact resistance and preparation method thereof
US3163525A (en) Ferrous alloys and articles made therefrom
US3878592A (en) Molybdenum nickel chromium bonded titanium carbide
US2297687A (en) Alloy and cutting tool
GB2096171A (en) Tool steel
JP3698656B2 (en) Cutting tools
US2278315A (en) Manufacture of high speed steels
US2191446A (en) Hard alloy
US2297686A (en) Chromium-vanadium-iron alloy cutting tool
US2026572A (en) Free cutting alloys
US1675798A (en) Alloy and process for making same
US2035393A (en) Wear resistant cast iron
US2409016A (en) Shock-resistant silicon steel hardened with titanium
US2026544A (en) Free cutting alloys
JPS5937742B2 (en) High wear resistance sintered high speed steel