US38774A - Improvement in telegraph-magnets - Google Patents

Description

PATENTED JUNE 2 S. F. VAN CHOATE.

TBLEGRAPH MAGNET.

Nemen STATES ATENT OFFICE.

SILVANUS F. VAN CHOATE, OF NEW YORK, N. Y.

IMPROVEMENT IN TELEGRAPH-MAGNETS.

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 38,774, dated June 1863; anteda-ted April 26, 186:2

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that l, SILVANUs F. VAN CnoArn, of the city, county, and Stateof New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Magnets for 'Telegraphc and nxher lnrposcs; and I do hereby declare that the allowing is a full, clear, and exact description of the same, reference being had to the accmnpanying drawings, forming part of this specitication, in which- Figure lis a front View, full size,of my magnet arranged with sonnders connected for the purposes oftelegraphing and receiving inessages by sound. Fig. 2 is an Aend view, full size, of Fig. l. Fig. 3 is a vertical section of Fig. 1, taken in'a plane parallel with Fig. 1f and at a point represented, i n Fig. 2 by sectional line 23 and 1. Fig. I 1s a plan of that part of my magnet which Ais constituted of a fixed or natural magnet, showing its formation and conneetions with the coils removed. Fig. 5 is a planof the electro or soft-iron part 'of the core, showing its formation, and representing its internal or tlat face. Fig. 6 is a horizontal sec tional viewof the bearings of the axle ofthe armatnrevlever taken in a plane at a. point, as shown by sectional line 5 and 6in Fig. 2,A and :1t-right angles *tolthe vertical sectional line 3 ande in the same figure. Fig. 7 is a View of one of the arms of the cores, showing at 10 its segmental end, and at 12 the vrabbeted 'end to be halved onto the part of the core marked H in Fig. 5: Fig. S is a vertical section ofeone of the coils or helices, taken at rig-ht angles to Fig. 1, and at a point as represent-ed by sectional line Land 2 in Fig. 1, showing the different layers of wire, and also sect-ionsf'the segmental parts ofthe arms a. a., the armature L, the barrel or cylinder d of the coil, and the space b between the arms for the play ofthe armature. Fig. 9 is a vertical section of the largest of the two Sounders, taken ata central point and at right angles to its horizontal plane.

Figures and letters of reference indicate different parts, with their connections, in each iignre, which will presently be described in a more detailed manner.

My invention consists in certain improvements in magnets, Sounders, and relaymapy nets, whereby I reduce verymaterially the option of the manufacturer-of the coils.

amount of battery necessary to effect any given desiredamonnt ot' magnetic force, and I am enabled to'operate effectively these sounders when placed directly on the main line, without the use ofrelays or local batteries, as heretofore deemed generally necessary.

To enable others skilled in the art to make and use my invention, I will proceed to describe in detail its construction and operation, whichare as follows:

First, the coils J J, Fig. I, are construeted 'of three layers o r portions of wire of twol different sizes. The figures 1 1 in Figs. 3 `and 8 represent two layers of larger size or coarse wire, and 2in the same iignrcs a layerof finer wire;- thesizes of wire employed to be at tlIie n Fig. l two coils are arranged end to end, instead of in the ordinary way, parallel, and mounted each upon the two segmental termi nations or arms of soft iron attached 'to and forming parts of the two cores, as shown in Figs. 4 and 5.' Alt-houghtwo coils are arranged in this figure, only one may be used and thc armature passed en trely through and suspended at each end.

The core of my magnet, andthe most peculiar feature of it, consists of two parts,`plans of which are shown i'n Figs. 4 and 5, and end views of thesame, in Fig. 2, (marked H G,) and further details in Figs. 7 and S, (marked 10 and l2, and a a.) Fig. 5 is one part, which I call electro or soft-iron part, formed nearly in an oblong shape, with a slight opening at one side. The open side is constructed of two segmental pieces, which I call arms, terminations,or-fextremities,77 (marked W WV W W',) on which are to be placed the coils. These arms. are connected with the two short sides of the U- shaped bar and secured by screws, (marked P Pin Figs. 2,4, and 5,) the only reason for forming these joints being convenience in construction.A The other part o t the core, a plan of which is represented at Fig. 4, is all of steel, except the two segmentalor half-round arms W YV YV -W, which are soft iron. In shape and size, up to-the arms, this steel part is the same as the soft-iron part, the only difference being that, for convenience two thin plates, k 1c?, secured by brass screws at T T, Fig. 4, are combined, as seen in the end View at X vin Fig. 2. Above the arms it is diieientfrom the soft-iron part. Instead of terminating at the arms W W, the outside plate of steel is continued on farther, as at 9 in Fig. 2, and another U-shaped piece, 'F,.Figs. 2 and 4, slottedat each end and secured by' screws c d e d, forming a figure (if the arms W W were rcmoved aud the part 9 were notbeut at right angles with the part G) something like asqnare,

which -might be extended by means of the` slotted connections into an oblong square. These two parts of steel F and G are hardened and charged with magnetism. An end view of this steel part, with its connections,

with a slotted connection is two-fold. First is for the purpose of presenting a perfect circuit to retain the permanent magnetism so employed, and that time and action shall not diminish its force; second, that the magnetic force in practice may be concentrated or diffused at.. pleasure, by reducing in the former case, or enlarging in the latter case, the magnetic circle, as the U-shapcd bar, before described, is moved through its slot inwardly toward the core, or withdrawn outwardly7 from the core. These two parts, the steel, ig. 4, and the soft iron, Fig. 5, are placed together, Fig. 2, the insulator U between and secured by two brass screws, (marked s s in Fig. 1,) and the whole Secured by screwsu u set in a groove or mortisrcut in a base, 1', Fig. 3, hollowed out at the bottom and mounted upon round knobs or le V` s at the corners. y

The soft-iron arms W XV in Figs. 2 and 4 and W W in Figs. 2 and 5 are arranged with their flat surfaces face to face, two on a side,

and their segmental or half-round surfaces on tside, with the space between forming a cylindrical shape to tit the hollow in the coil, as at a a in Fig. S, presenting an open space or slot between them all the way through the coils, in which space or slot the arma-ture L, Fig. 1, is placed, a side and'lengthwise view of which may be seen at L in Fig. 3, and an end view, with the space b for its vibration, in Fig. 8.

The armature is of soft iron and extending nearly or quite the whole length of both of the coils, with small brass rivets v o fv 'v in Fig. 3 at each corner, the heads of which project a trifle, for the purpose of preventing the iron l surfaces of the armature and those of the arms from coming in contact. lt is attached .by a screw in the center upon au axle, g, Fig. 3, oscillating in adjustable screws h h, Fig. 3, supported in the bearings shown in section in Fig. 3, front and end views at Figs. l and 2, and in plan at Fig. 6. At the opposite end of this lev j from the armature is attached the hammer ,which strikes the sounders, or rings a hell, or breaks and closes a circuit of electricity, accordingly as applied.

In Fig. 1 A and B are two sounders, and an end view is given in Fig. 2, and a sectional view of one is represented in Fig. 9. Theyare arranged facing each other and at right angles to the vibrating plane of the hammer, which plays between and strikes against their faces.

Bells to give alarms, or any suitable contrivance for making a noise or sounds, or points may be properly arranged for breaking and closing a circuit substituted in their place, and adjustable screws are affixed, as at f a It in Fig. 2, for the purpose of moving the souuders nearer to or farther from the face of the hammer, and thereby diminish or enlarge at pleasure the distance through which the hammer. is moved, and shifting the sounders, accordingly as a. weak or strong current of magnetism is being employed.

The bowls of the Sounders are mounted upon suitable posts,asatiiin Fig.2, and may be made of any kind ofhard w-ood, ivory, bone, rubber, or any kind of material suitable for the pur` pose, with a face made of steel, ivory, or any suitable hard snbstanceanswering the purpose, 4and secnredto the hollow part by a screw, c', andfnut d', Fig. 2, the upper edge ofthe bowl to be alittle beveled away, and an opening at the top, (marked l5 in Fig. 1.) The face-plate is of the same diameter, or nearly so, as that of the bowl, and is raised a littleabove the top of the bowl, so that the bottom may hang clear (see Fig. 3) and the screw e' d', Fig. 2, put about a. third ot' the way from the top to the center of the bowl, and immediately, or Y ening or loosening the screw c' d', Figs. 2 and.

9. One ofthese Sounders is made a littlelarger than the other, for the purposes ofdistinguishing the forward and backward stroke of the hammer, or to designate'the open and closed circuits. The posts i i, Fig. 2, mounting 'the sounders, areA secured toV a slidin'gmovable piece, E, Fig. 2, which is attached to part E', Fig. 6, `by means (ifa screw, c s, Fig. 2, work ing in slot e s", Fig. 6, and the other side by the screw vm in Fig. 2, and the whole, with the armature-axle bearing-piece E', Fig. 6, mounted on and secured to -post K, Fig. 2. .The adjustable-screw m in Fig. 2 passes through the upper section of post K in a proper thread, with one extremity made to revolve in post i, Fig. 2, and by means of shoulders to move post i and its fixtures, already described, inwardly or outwardly from a center line, and change accordingly the angle of the space through which the vbell or sounder and the armature below it moves under the magnetic forces. This screw m, together with the permanent or iuduced magnetism in one part of the core, (the magnetism serving in the capacityof thespring and the screw as a means of regulating the same, is a substitute for the spiral or other spring heretofore used for adjusting the armature of an ordinary magnet.

Points for breaking and closing acircuit of electricity may be combined with, or may be substituted for, thesonnders, ifdesired, or bells to give alarms may be similarly arranged, or any suitable contrivance for making anoise or sounds.

It will be seen that the armature of this magnet is placed inthe central part, and extends nearlyand may entirely, if necessary-the entire length of the coils, and it may be farf ther extended and arranged to receive the magnetic force in the projections ot' the cores beyond the plane of the ends of the'coil, even to the completion of a circle, and that its movement is exactly, or nearly so, at right angles to the direction of the movement of the armatures of the ordinary magnets, and that its motion is laterally, or iu the same direction as that of the circuit ot" electricity or wire on the coils,instead of the'ordinary way.

The magnetic influence in thesoft-iron arms attached to the steel part. of my magnet is caused bythe induction of the permanent niagnetisin inthe direction marked by the arrow 1 in arm W, 4, instead of following t-he whole. circuit of bar F in the direction ot' ar` row 2.

The polarity of the magnetism in the steel must be adjusted with a proper regard to the direction ot the winding of the wire upon the coils, and also the direction of the current to be passed through or around the coils, so that when the current or'circuit is closed through the coils the intluence upon the permanent magnetism shall be to turn it back or disperse and the armature is carried over to that side, Sie., so that the two sides ot` the same core in the same coil and with the same current are alfected in two ways, and in a direction contrarj7 or opposite to each other; or, in other words, one side of the core is caused to attract thc armature when the current is passed into or around the coils, and the other side of the core attracts the armature when the current is withdrawn from the coil. Thus the one. set of softiron arms becomes an electro-magnet under the inuence of the current, while the other set of the sqft-iron arms ceases to be a penna -forth.

3. The a.bo\'ede scribed mode of combining Sounders and the several parts thereof with the adjustable screws and movable lase, to regulate thestrolre of the hammer and cada-pt such Sounders to the varying strength of the magnetic forces that may be working the ar mature, as above specified.

4. Theuse in magnets of bells or Sounders of different sizes--th at is, one smaller than the other-as and for the-purpose set forth.

5. The sliding movable bar, F, Fig. 4, with its slotted connections, as andl for the purpose set forth.

6. `In the construction of z magnet, the use of the parts described-v G'F W W and H W '--iu combination vith the armature L, lever j, and bells or sounders A and B, as and for the purpose specified.

S. F. VAN CHOATE. Witnesses:

JAMES E. FERNALD, PETER B. MoR'r.

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