US3872309A - Radiographic intensifying screens - Google Patents

Radiographic intensifying screens Download PDF

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Publication number
US3872309A
US3872309A US303388A US30338872A US3872309A US 3872309 A US3872309 A US 3872309A US 303388 A US303388 A US 303388A US 30338872 A US30338872 A US 30338872A US 3872309 A US3872309 A US 3872309A
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United States
Prior art keywords
fluorescent
intensifying screen
combination according
screen combination
substrate
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Expired - Lifetime
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US303388A
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English (en)
Inventor
Belder Maurice Hector De
Romain Henri Bollen
Esch Robert Florent Van
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Agfa Gevaert NV
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Agfa Gevaert NV
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21K—TECHNIQUES FOR HANDLING PARTICLES OR IONISING RADIATION NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; IRRADIATION DEVICES; GAMMA RAY OR X-RAY MICROSCOPES
    • G21K4/00—Conversion screens for the conversion of the spatial distribution of X-rays or particle radiation into visible images, e.g. fluoroscopic screens

Definitions

  • M is at least one of the metals yttrium, lanthanum.
  • M is at least one of the rare earth metals dysprosium, erbium, europium, holmium, neodymium, praseodymium, samarium, terbium, thulium or ytterbium,
  • X is sulphur or halogen
  • n 0.0002 to 0.2
  • l w is 1 when X is halogen or is 2 when X is sulphur.
  • the intensifying effect of such screens is based on the emission of secondary X-rays and electrons formed by the absorption of primary incident X-rays.
  • metal screens act as a filter for scattered radiation of lower energy and effectively absorb low energy rays obliquely impinging onto the metal screen.
  • Fluorescent screens which contain a layer or sheet comprising solid substances, e.g., calcium tungstate that fluoresce under the influence of X-ray radiation, have been used, e.g., in the field of medical X-ray. However, they are less effective when more energetic X-rays or gamma rays are used, the absorption of the penetrating X-ray and gamma radiation in the fluorescent screens being inversely proportional to their energy. A higher absorption can be obtained by increasing the thickness but such at the expense of a loss in image sharpness. Moreover, secondary scattered radiation originating from the radiographically exposed object by impinging on a fluorescent screen, e.g., a calcium tungstate screen, gives rise to the production of radiographic images of low gradation when silver halide recording materials are used.
  • solid substances e.g., calcium tungstate that fluoresce under the influence of X-ray radiation
  • Such a combination provides a high gain in effective interaction of radiation with photographic materials of the silver halide type without substantial loss of image quality.
  • This high gain in effective interaction may be explained by the fact that the partial transformation of the initial high energy radiation in the metallic screen yields secondary radiation of low energy (X-rays and electrons) that are better absorbed in this lower energy state by the fluorescent substance and give rise to fluorescence radiation mainly in the ultraviolet and visible light range for which silver halide recording materials are inherently particularly sensitive or can be made sensitive by spectral sensitization.
  • the fluorescent layer is kept rather thin.
  • the light emitted by the fluorescent screen is effectively absorbed by the silver halide grains of a silver halide emulsion layer and radiographic images of improved sharpness and characterized by an increased gradation are obtained.
  • ultraviolet radiation and visible light yield steeper gradation images than X-ray radiation directly interacting with silver halide emulsion layers.
  • the screen assembly further also offers the advantage of increasing the gradation as a result of the attenuation by the metallic screen of the scattered radiation originating from the object that is radiographed.
  • the absorption and emission properties of the combined metallic screen and fluorescent substance screen have to be such that as much as possible of the high energy radiation is transformed in the metallic screen in secondary radiation suited for generating in the fluorescent substances of the fluorescent screen'a fluorescence radiation in a wavelength range to whichthe silver halide grains are inherently particularly sensitive or are made particularly sensitive by spectral sensitization.
  • a rad-iographic intensifying screen combination that is particularly useful for radiographic recording of information with a silver halide recording material, which combination comprises (l) at least one metallic layer or sheet composed of or containing at least one metal having an atomic number in the range of 46 to 83, and (2) at least one fluorescent layer or sheet which, in working relationship with said metal(s) consists of or contains at least one fluorescent substance within the scope of the following general formula:
  • M is at least one of the metals yttrium, lanthanum,
  • M is at least one of the rare earth metals dysprosium, erbium, europium, holmium, neodymium, praseo dymium, samarium, terbium,thulium or ytterbium,
  • X is sulphur or halogen
  • n 0.0002 to 0.2
  • w is 1 when X is halogen or is 2 when X is sulphur.
  • radiographic When using the term radiographic, recording we designate thereby a recording technique that makes use of penetrating radiation, which includes highly energetic radiation such as X-rays, beta rays, or fast electrons, e.g., as obtained in an electron microscope,
  • the fluorescent screen transforms the absorbed X-ray radiation (e.g., 60 kV X-ray radiation) with a high quantum yield in radiation of wavelength bands situated in the 320 to the 450 nm wavelength range.
  • the terbium activated yttrium oxysulphide compounds falling within the scope of the above general formula.
  • terbium-activated gadolinium or lanthanum oxysulphides falling within the scope of the above general formula are used.
  • an europium(IlI)-activated mixed oxysulphide of yttrium and lanthanum falling within the scope of the above general formula is used.
  • gadoliniumor lanthanum or lutetium oxysulphide activated with terbium or dysprosium is particularly useful for its high visible light'emission capacity.
  • a preferred ratio by weight of (A) and (B) is 25:75.
  • a fluorescence over the whole visible spectrum can be obtained.
  • Such combination is particularly useful for the recording on silver halide recording elements that are made spectrally sensitive for light of the whole visible spectrum.
  • the selected fluorescent substance(s) is(are) applied in the form of at least one layer or sheet.
  • a said layer or sheet is preferably constructed to a thickness of 0.05 to 0.5 mm and contains the fluorescent substance(s) dispersed in a binder.
  • binder is, e.g., an organic high molecular weight polymer.
  • Preferred binding agents are cellulose nitrate, ethylcellulose, cellulose acetate, polyvinyl acetate, polystyrene, polyvinyl butyral, polymethyl methacrylate and the like.
  • the proportion of high molecular weight polymer to fluorescent material is generally within the range of 5-15% by weight.
  • a preferred grain size of the fluorescent substances is in the range of 5-50 u.
  • the surface of the fluorescent material layer may be protected against moisture and mechanical damage by a coating of an organic high polymer applied at a thickness of 0.001 to 0.05 mm.
  • Such protecting coating is, e.g., a thin film of cellulose nitrate, cellulose acetate, polymethyl methacrylate and the like.
  • An appropriate screening dye for use in combination with fluorescent screens emitting in the green part of the visible spectrum is, e.g., Rouge Feu Neozapon (C.l. Solvent Red 119).
  • the metallic screen may be composed of a single supported or self-supporting metal layer or of a plurality of superposed metal layers.
  • the metallic screen or a plurality of screen layers may be composed of or incorporates a pure metal having an atomic number as mentioned or may be composed of an alloy containing such metal.
  • the intensifying screen combination contains at least one metallic screen layer, which consists of or of which at least 50% by weight is constituted by a metal or metals having an atomic number or having atomic numbers in the range 46 to 83.
  • Preferred metallic screens mainly (at least 50% by weight) contain or consist of silver. tin, tellurium, thallium. tungsten, platinum, gold, mercury, tantalum, lead or bismuth or mixtures or alloys thereof in layer or sheet form. Among them tungsten and silver offer a electron rays emitted by the metal foil is obtained and the scattered radiation is eliminated as completely as possible. Suitable supported metal layers can be formed by metallic vapour deposition. Metallic foils of suitable thickness may be obtained by rolling.
  • the metallic screen may have a grooved or indented surface as described in the U5. Pat. No. 3,584,216 of Joseph F. Tinney issued June 8, 1971.
  • the metallic screen element (layer(s) or sheet(s)) is supported by the same support as used for the fluorescent screen element.
  • Such support is composed, e.g., of paper, glass, cloth or plastic film, the latter supports being preferably of about 0.2 mm in thickness.
  • the metallic screen element is preferably interposed between the support and the fluorescent material layer(s) and adheres thereto e.g. by means of an adhesive layer.
  • Suitable adhesive layers for bonding the metallic foil or other element to the fluorescent material layer are composed of an organic high polymer such as synthetic rubber, for example, neoprene, nitrile rubber, etc., polyvinyl butyral, alkyd resin and the like.
  • the thickness of the adhesive layer is preferably as thin as possible and below 10 u, since the amplifying effect of the metallic screen element is lowered by increasing the thickness of said adhesive layer.
  • An adhesive layer' may be used for bonding the supporting layer to the metal foil or other metallic screen element and such adhesive layer may be identical to that used for adhering the fluorescent material to such screen element.
  • the thickness of a said adhesive layer between the support layer and the metallic screen need not necessarily be smaller than 10 u.
  • the intensifying effect of the metallic screenfluorescent screen combination used according to the present invention is particularly high when X-rays of an energy above kV or the commonly known high energetic gamma-rays are used in the radiographic process.
  • radiographic images of high contrast are obtained rapidly.
  • Example 1 The present invention is illustrated by the following examples and by the drawing which is a cross-section of the screen structure of Example 1.
  • EXAMPLE 1 A solution of neoprene in toluene is spray-coated on a surface of a 0.03 mm tungsten foil to form an adhesive layer 2 of 0.015 mm in thickness when dried. By a laminating press the thus obtained material is pressed with its adhesive layer in contact with a paper sheet 4 of 0.2 mm in thickness.
  • Gd O S activated with traces of Tb 300 g cellulose nitrate 36 g dibutyl phthalate 11 g butyl acetate 450 g was applied. After drying the fluorescent coating 5 containing fluorescent substance 7 dispersed in binder 6 had a thickness of 0.12 mm.
  • Gd O S activated with traces of Tb has been prepared as follows: 1 mole of Gd O and 0.01 mole of Tb O were blended together with Na S and kept in an inert atmosphere (N at l,100C for 3 hours. The reaction mixture was then washed in hot water to remove the soluble sodium sulphide reaction product.
  • the so prepared fluorescent material emits green light under the effect of X-rays proceeding from a 100 kV generator.
  • Said intensifying screen material is particularly suitable for forming radiographs in light-sensitive silver halide materials spectrally sensitized to green light.
  • EXAMPLE 2 A solution of neoprene in toluene is spray-coated on a surface of a 0.03 mm silver foil to form an adhesive layer of 0.015 mm in thickness when dried. By a laminating press the thus obtained material is pressed with its adhesive layer in contact with a paper sheet of 0.2 mm in thickness.
  • the so prepared fluorescent material emits ultraviolet radiation and blue light.
  • the composite intensifying screen has been exposed in combination with a spectrally non-sensitized radiographic silver halide film, the X-rays being produced under 60 kV. Sharp contrasty radiographic images have been obtained.
  • a radiographic intensifying screen combination suited for use in radiographic recording of information with a silver halide recording material, said combination comprising (1) a metallic substrate including at least one metal having an atomic number in the range of 46 to 83, and (2) at least one fluorescent substrate in working relationship with said metal and including at least one fluorescent substance having the formula:
  • M is at least one of the-metals selected from the group consisting of yttrium, lanthanum, gadolinium and lutetium,
  • M is at least one of the rare earth metals selected from the group consisting of hysprosium, erbium, europium, holmium, neodymium, praseodymium, samarium, terbium, thulium and ytterbium,
  • X is selected from the group consisting of sulphur and halogen
  • n 0.0002 to 0.2
  • w 1 when X is halogen and 2 when Xis sulphur.
  • said metallic substrate mainly contains a member of the group consisting of silver, tin, tellurium, thallium, tungsten, platinum, gold, mercury, tantalum, lead and bismuth and mixtures thereof.
  • the fluorescent substrate includes a member of the group consisting of gadolinium and lanthanum oxysulphide activated with terbium.
  • the fluorescent substrate includes a oxysulphide of yttrium and lanthanum activated with europium(IlI).
  • An intensifying screen combination according to claim 1 which includes a plurality of fluorescent substrates having the same or different composition.
  • a method of recording information comprising the steps of information-wise irradiating an intensifying screen to X-rays or gamma-rays and of receiving the fluorescent light emitted by the intensifying screen "onto a photographic material which is sensitive to said fluorescent light, wherein in said method the intensifying screen comprises:
  • At least one metallic substrate containing at least one metal having an atomic number in the range of 46 to 83, and 2. at least one fluorescent substrate which is arranged in conjunction with said metallic substrate in such a way that electrons emitted by said metal can penetrate into the fluorescent substrate, said fluorescent substrate containing at least one fluorescent substance having the formula:
  • M is at least one of the metals selected from the group consisting of yttrium, lanthanum, gadolinium and lutetium,
  • M is at least one of the rare earth metals selected from the group consisting of dysprosium, erbium, europium, holmium, neodymium, praseodymium, samarium, terbium, thulium and ytterbium,
  • O oxygen
  • X is a member of the group selected from sulphur and halogen
  • n 0.0002 to 0.2
  • w 1 when X is halogen and 2 when X is sulphur.
  • the fluorescent substrate includes a member of the group consisting of gadolinium and lanthanum oxysulphide activated with terbium.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
  • Conversion Of X-Rays Into Visible Images (AREA)
  • Luminescent Compositions (AREA)
  • Silver Salt Photography Or Processing Solution Therefor (AREA)
US303388A 1971-12-31 1972-11-03 Radiographic intensifying screens Expired - Lifetime US3872309A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

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GB6105071A GB1389024A (en) 1971-12-31 1971-12-31 Radiographic intensifying screens

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US (1) US3872309A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
JP (1) JPS4881582A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
BE (1) BE792387A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
CA (1) CA968073A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE2260858A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR2167011A5 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1389024A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
IT (1) IT975679B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (27)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3980887A (en) * 1973-08-27 1976-09-14 U.S. Radium Corporation Silicon sensitized rare earth oxysulfide phosphors
US4054798A (en) * 1975-11-14 1977-10-18 Tokyo Shibaura Electric Co., Ltd. X-ray conversion screens
US4101781A (en) * 1977-06-27 1978-07-18 Hewlett-Packard Company Stable fiber optic scintillative x-ray screen and method of production
US4138361A (en) * 1976-03-18 1979-02-06 Agfa-Gevaert N.V. Radiation-conversion screens
US4149083A (en) * 1976-03-18 1979-04-10 Agfa-Gevaert N.V. Radiographic intensifying screens
US4256965A (en) * 1979-01-15 1981-03-17 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy High energy fluoroscopic screen
US4297584A (en) * 1977-04-11 1981-10-27 Lockheed Missiles & Space Company, Inc. Rare earth phosphors and phosphor screens
US4398093A (en) * 1979-08-14 1983-08-09 Etat Francais, Represente Par Le Ministere De L'environnement Et De Cadre De Vie, Laboratoire Central Des Ponts Et Chaussess Converter for converting non-luminous photons into luminous photons
DE3212405A1 (de) * 1982-04-02 1983-10-13 Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München Mit terbium aktivierter yttriumoxisulfid-leuchtstoff
US4486486A (en) * 1982-03-15 1984-12-04 Kasei Optonix, Ltd. Radiographic image conversion screens
US4499159A (en) * 1984-04-13 1985-02-12 General Electric Company X-ray image converters utilizing rare earth oxyhalide phosphors
US4507560A (en) * 1980-06-13 1985-03-26 Gte Products Corporation Terbium-activated gadolinium oxysulfide X-ray phosphor
US4712011A (en) * 1985-04-03 1987-12-08 U.S. Philips Corporation X-ray image intensifier tube including a luminescent layer which absorbs secondary radiation
US4764946A (en) * 1984-11-05 1988-08-16 Innofinance Altalanos Innovacios Penzwtezet Method and modifying body for influencing the effect of X-ray or gamma radiation on a target sensitive to the radiation
US4839266A (en) * 1986-04-29 1989-06-13 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Recording system for irradiation therapy
US5025163A (en) * 1989-12-01 1991-06-18 Eastman Kodak Company Radiographic imaging screen
US5334843A (en) * 1992-08-17 1994-08-02 Zeman Herbert D Composite scintillator screen
WO2000056837A1 (en) * 1999-03-19 2000-09-28 Rutgers, The State University Rare earth doped host materials
USRE37536E1 (en) 1982-11-26 2002-02-05 Uab Research Foundation Split energy level radiation detection
EP1223464A3 (en) * 2001-01-10 2004-04-14 Eastman Kodak Company Light-weight imaging assemblies for oncology portal imaging
US20040174917A1 (en) * 1999-03-19 2004-09-09 Rutgers, The State University Optically transparent nanocomposite materials
US20040262536A1 (en) * 2003-06-30 2004-12-30 Van Den Bergh Rudy Rare earth activated rare earth oxysulfide phosphor for direct X-ray detection
EP1493798A1 (en) * 2003-06-30 2005-01-05 Agfa-Gevaert Rare earth activated lutetium oxysulfide phosphor for direct x-ray detection.
US20050002490A1 (en) * 2003-06-30 2005-01-06 Bergh Rudy Van Den Rare earth activated lutetium oxyorthosilicate phosphor for direct X-ray detection
US20060038134A1 (en) * 2004-06-08 2006-02-23 Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. Radiographic intensifying screen
US20060214109A1 (en) * 2005-03-25 2006-09-28 General Electric Company Detector assembly and method of manufacture
US20060261722A1 (en) * 2005-05-23 2006-11-23 General Electric Company Phosphor admixture, phosphor screen and imaging assembly

Families Citing this family (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4070583A (en) * 1976-12-13 1978-01-24 General Electric Company Rare earth oxyhalide phosphors coactivated with terbium, thulium
JPS54107692A (en) * 1978-02-10 1979-08-23 Dainippon Toryo Kk Radiant ray intensifying paper
US4195228A (en) * 1978-05-19 1980-03-25 General Electric Company Color contrast radiographic device
DE3275420D1 (en) * 1982-03-15 1987-03-12 Kasei Optonix Radiographic image conversion screens
GB2119396B (en) * 1982-04-26 1985-11-20 Gen Electric Multi-layer x-ray screens
US4481416A (en) * 1982-12-20 1984-11-06 General Electric Company Thermoluminescent coactivated rare earth oxyhalide phosphors and x-ray image converters utilizing said phosphors
JPS59189200U (ja) * 1983-03-11 1984-12-15 化成オプトニクス株式会社 放射線増感紙
JPS6195351A (ja) * 1984-10-17 1986-05-14 Kasei Optonix Co Ltd 増感紙

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3584216A (en) * 1968-09-12 1971-06-08 Bendix Corp Radiographic intensifying screen
US3617743A (en) * 1968-10-23 1971-11-02 Gen Electric X-ray image convertors utilizing lanthanum and gadolinium oxyhalide luminescent materials activated with terbium
US3617285A (en) * 1969-10-21 1971-11-02 William Joseph Staudenmayer Light intensifying screens

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3584216A (en) * 1968-09-12 1971-06-08 Bendix Corp Radiographic intensifying screen
US3617743A (en) * 1968-10-23 1971-11-02 Gen Electric X-ray image convertors utilizing lanthanum and gadolinium oxyhalide luminescent materials activated with terbium
US3617285A (en) * 1969-10-21 1971-11-02 William Joseph Staudenmayer Light intensifying screens

Cited By (33)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3980887A (en) * 1973-08-27 1976-09-14 U.S. Radium Corporation Silicon sensitized rare earth oxysulfide phosphors
US4054798A (en) * 1975-11-14 1977-10-18 Tokyo Shibaura Electric Co., Ltd. X-ray conversion screens
US4138361A (en) * 1976-03-18 1979-02-06 Agfa-Gevaert N.V. Radiation-conversion screens
US4149083A (en) * 1976-03-18 1979-04-10 Agfa-Gevaert N.V. Radiographic intensifying screens
US4297584A (en) * 1977-04-11 1981-10-27 Lockheed Missiles & Space Company, Inc. Rare earth phosphors and phosphor screens
US4101781A (en) * 1977-06-27 1978-07-18 Hewlett-Packard Company Stable fiber optic scintillative x-ray screen and method of production
US4256965A (en) * 1979-01-15 1981-03-17 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy High energy fluoroscopic screen
US4398093A (en) * 1979-08-14 1983-08-09 Etat Francais, Represente Par Le Ministere De L'environnement Et De Cadre De Vie, Laboratoire Central Des Ponts Et Chaussess Converter for converting non-luminous photons into luminous photons
US4507560A (en) * 1980-06-13 1985-03-26 Gte Products Corporation Terbium-activated gadolinium oxysulfide X-ray phosphor
US4529647A (en) * 1982-03-15 1985-07-16 Kasei Optonix, Ltd. Radiographic image conversion screens
US4486486A (en) * 1982-03-15 1984-12-04 Kasei Optonix, Ltd. Radiographic image conversion screens
US4536436A (en) * 1982-03-15 1985-08-20 Kasei Optonix, Ltd. Radiographic image conversion screens
DE3212405A1 (de) * 1982-04-02 1983-10-13 Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München Mit terbium aktivierter yttriumoxisulfid-leuchtstoff
USRE37536E1 (en) 1982-11-26 2002-02-05 Uab Research Foundation Split energy level radiation detection
US4499159A (en) * 1984-04-13 1985-02-12 General Electric Company X-ray image converters utilizing rare earth oxyhalide phosphors
US4764946A (en) * 1984-11-05 1988-08-16 Innofinance Altalanos Innovacios Penzwtezet Method and modifying body for influencing the effect of X-ray or gamma radiation on a target sensitive to the radiation
US4712011A (en) * 1985-04-03 1987-12-08 U.S. Philips Corporation X-ray image intensifier tube including a luminescent layer which absorbs secondary radiation
US4839266A (en) * 1986-04-29 1989-06-13 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Recording system for irradiation therapy
US5025163A (en) * 1989-12-01 1991-06-18 Eastman Kodak Company Radiographic imaging screen
US5334843A (en) * 1992-08-17 1994-08-02 Zeman Herbert D Composite scintillator screen
US7094361B2 (en) 1999-03-19 2006-08-22 Rutgers, The State University Optically transparent nanocomposite materials
WO2000056837A1 (en) * 1999-03-19 2000-09-28 Rutgers, The State University Rare earth doped host materials
US6699406B2 (en) * 1999-03-19 2004-03-02 Rutgers, The State University Rare earth doped host materials
US20040174917A1 (en) * 1999-03-19 2004-09-09 Rutgers, The State University Optically transparent nanocomposite materials
EP1223464A3 (en) * 2001-01-10 2004-04-14 Eastman Kodak Company Light-weight imaging assemblies for oncology portal imaging
US20040262536A1 (en) * 2003-06-30 2004-12-30 Van Den Bergh Rudy Rare earth activated rare earth oxysulfide phosphor for direct X-ray detection
US20050002490A1 (en) * 2003-06-30 2005-01-06 Bergh Rudy Van Den Rare earth activated lutetium oxyorthosilicate phosphor for direct X-ray detection
EP1493798A1 (en) * 2003-06-30 2005-01-05 Agfa-Gevaert Rare earth activated lutetium oxysulfide phosphor for direct x-ray detection.
US20060038134A1 (en) * 2004-06-08 2006-02-23 Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. Radiographic intensifying screen
US20060214109A1 (en) * 2005-03-25 2006-09-28 General Electric Company Detector assembly and method of manufacture
US7214947B2 (en) 2005-03-25 2007-05-08 General Electric Company Detector assembly and method of manufacture
US20060261722A1 (en) * 2005-05-23 2006-11-23 General Electric Company Phosphor admixture, phosphor screen and imaging assembly
US7586252B2 (en) 2005-05-23 2009-09-08 General Electric Company Phosphor screen and imaging assembly

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS4881582A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1973-10-31
CA968073A (en) 1975-05-20
BE792387A (nl) 1973-06-07
GB1389024A (en) 1975-04-03
IT975679B (it) 1974-08-10
FR2167011A5 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1973-08-17
DE2260858A1 (de) 1973-07-05

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