US3871361A - Control device for a monitor supervising a patient - Google Patents

Control device for a monitor supervising a patient Download PDF

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Publication number
US3871361A
US3871361A US449622A US44962274A US3871361A US 3871361 A US3871361 A US 3871361A US 449622 A US449622 A US 449622A US 44962274 A US44962274 A US 44962274A US 3871361 A US3871361 A US 3871361A
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United States
Prior art keywords
timer
patient
monitor
medication
time interval
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Expired - Lifetime
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US449622A
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English (en)
Inventor
Dean L Kamen
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Baxter International Inc
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Individual
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Publication date
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Priority to US449622A priority Critical patent/US3871361A/en
Priority to CA217,674A priority patent/CA1036226A/en
Priority to GB279475A priority patent/GB1459972A/en
Priority to AU77811/75A priority patent/AU7781175A/en
Priority to NL7501293A priority patent/NL7501293A/xx
Priority to JP50015202A priority patent/JPS50120189A/ja
Priority to DE19752507248 priority patent/DE2507248A1/de
Priority to FR7506163A priority patent/FR2263741B3/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3871361A publication Critical patent/US3871361A/en
Assigned to BAXTER TRAVENOL LABORATORIES, INC., A CORP. OF DEL. reassignment BAXTER TRAVENOL LABORATORIES, INC., A CORP. OF DEL. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: AUTO SYRINGE, INC.
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Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/02—Detecting, measuring or recording for evaluating the cardiovascular system, e.g. pulse, heart rate, blood pressure or blood flow
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M5/00—Devices for bringing media into the body in a subcutaneous, intra-vascular or intramuscular way; Accessories therefor, e.g. filling or cleaning devices, arm-rests
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M5/00—Devices for bringing media into the body in a subcutaneous, intra-vascular or intramuscular way; Accessories therefor, e.g. filling or cleaning devices, arm-rests
    • A61M5/14—Infusion devices, e.g. infusing by gravity; Blood infusion; Accessories therefor
    • A61M5/168—Means for controlling media flow to the body or for metering media to the body, e.g. drip meters, counters ; Monitoring media flow to the body
    • A61M5/172—Means for controlling media flow to the body or for metering media to the body, e.g. drip meters, counters ; Monitoring media flow to the body electrical or electronic
    • A61M5/1723—Means for controlling media flow to the body or for metering media to the body, e.g. drip meters, counters ; Monitoring media flow to the body electrical or electronic using feedback of body parameters, e.g. blood-sugar, pressure

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT Involved is a system in which bodily conditions of the patient, such as his blood pressure, heartbeat, or the like, are electronically monitored.
  • the monitor is required to result in the administration, preferably by intravenous injection, of a drug to the patient to correct any change in the supervised patients condition indicating an emergency situation.
  • the within invention is a control for the monitor providing two important safeguards.
  • the first safeguard is that there will be an adequate refractory period, i.e., time for the drug to take effect, between administered doses to the patient.
  • the second safeguard is that the medication dosage will not be administered to the patient until there is some assurance that the bodily function change which occurs in the patient is of an emergency nature, rather than merely an insignificant change which corrects itself without medication.
  • the present invention relates generally to the use of an electronic monitor to supervise the bodily functions, such as blood pressure, heartbeat, and the like, ofa patient, and to initiate an intravenous injection or other appropriate means of delivering to the patient an appropriate drug to correct any change in said supervised condition. More particularly, the invention relates to a control device for the monitor which provides important medical safeguards for the operation of the monitor.
  • a typical prior art patient-supervising monitor does little more than energize a light or operate a sound alarm which prompts the hospital staff to take whatever medical action is required to correct an emergency situation of the patient.
  • the doctor or nurse then intravenously injects appropriate medication using a conventional syringe.
  • automatic syringe devices are available, such as those of US. Pat. Nos. 3,456,649 and 3,623,474, these are seldom used. Yet, their use could result in more preciseness in the dosages administered, in greater promptness of administration, and other such benefits that accrue when using automatic, rather than manually, operated eqipment or devices.
  • Undoubtedly, the minimal use of automatic syringe devices in conjunction with patient-supervising monitors is because there is insufficient control by the latter of the former to guarantee the safety of the patient.
  • a control for a patient-supervising monitor demonstrating objects and advantages of the present invention includes a timer electrically connected to continuously receive from the monitor an input signal for a time interval that is ofa duration to minimize any false indication of an emergency situation, and only thereafter transmits a signal resulting in the administration of a correcting drug. Also after the transmission of said signal, said timer is rendered incapable of sending a successive signal until the lapse of another time interval, which is selected in relation to the refractory period for the medication involved.
  • FIG. 1 diagramatically illustrates the functions that are performed by'the control device hereof for a monitor which is in supervising relation to a patient;
  • FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram which illustrates details of said control device.
  • FIG. 1 diagramatically illustrates a system in which bodily functions of a patient 10, such as his blood pressure, the functioning of his heart, and the like, are supervised by a monitor 12. That is, in a well understood manner, monitor 12, which may be any one of several commercially available electronic units, is appropriately connected in supervising relation to the patient 10 so that if there is, for example, a sudden irregularity in the heartbeat of the patient 10, an appropriate signal 14 is transmitted to the monitor 12. In response to the signal input 14, the monitor 12, in turn, produces a signal 16, which in most instances is of an electronic nature such as a pulse at a specified voltage.
  • monitor 12 which may be any one of several commercially available electronic units
  • the pulse or signal 16 did no more than energize a light or a sound alarm which prompted the hospital staff to take whatever action was required to correct the emergency situation of the patient 10.
  • a doctor or nurse might administer lidocaine or othersuch drug in an effort to regulate the patients heartbeat.
  • the administration of this drug in most instances would be by a conventional syringe.
  • it could also be administered by an automatic syringe 18, preferably one having the construction and mode of operation of that described in US.- application Ser. No.
  • a medicationadministering device 18 of the general type and class described in US. Pat. Nos. 3,456,649 and 3,623,474.
  • the device 18 is operated by an appropriate electronic signal or pulse 20 which commences its operation during which the device 18 causes an intravenous injection of medicine, such as the previously noted drug lidocaine, which corrects the emergency situation of the patient.
  • device 22 controls the manner in which the monitor ;l2 actuates the automatic medicationadmin'istering device 18 to correct emergency situa tions of the patient 10.
  • monitor 12 senses a heartbeat irregularity in the patient 10
  • lidocaine there are two requisites or conditions which should be imposed in any system involvging the monitor 12 in order for said system to be medically sound. It is these two conditions which are imposed by the interface control device '22 of the present invention on the monitor 12, all as will now be fully explained.
  • the actual time in which the medication is delivered to the patient 10 by the automatic syringe 18 may be only a matter of minutes. However, it may be medically necessary after the delivery of this medication that anotherdosa'ge not be delivered for a much longer period of time in order to allow the administered dosage to have the necessary effect on the patients body and bodily functions. Thus, in the case of an irregular heartbeat, it is generally understood that successive dosages ofliddcaine should have an intervening interval, known as the" refractory period, of approximately 20 minutes. As will be described in greater detail subsequently herein, it is therefore one function ofthe control device 22 that after operation of the medication-administering device 18, that said operation be followed by a refractory period of any selected interval before a successive operation can occur.
  • a refractory interval of 20 minutes would be proper for the drug lidocaine.
  • the monitor 12 is supervising the blood pressure of the patient 10
  • a change in the patients blood pressure would indicate an emergency situation for which an appropriate drug would be administered, and that drug may further be required to be continuously administered until there is a favorable change in the blood pressure condition of the patient.
  • the refractory period is zero.
  • control device or interface 22 hereof also be capable of eliminating or minimizing any false indication of an emergency situation involving the patient 10.
  • the monitor 12 is supervising the blood pressure ofa patient 10
  • a mere change in the position of the patient, from a prone to a sitting-up position could cause a momentary change in the patients blood pressure.
  • This change is not medically significant and consequently should not, in a properly functioning system, initiate any corrective action, i.e., it should not result in the commencement of the device 18 insofar as the delivery of drugs by it to the patient.
  • the interface or control device 22 hereof includes a selected voltage generator 24, a first timer 26, a second timer 28, and a control unit 30 which is operated by the second timer and exercises control over the operation of the first timer 26.
  • the selected voltage generator 24 functions by emitting an electronic signal 32 of any selected specific voltage, such as for example, volts.
  • the five-volt pulse 32 is emitted continuously by the generator 24 as long as the generator receives an input signal 16. It should be noted that the signal 32 is at a selected five volts even though the input signal 16 is at a greater or lesser voltage.
  • This functioning of the generator 24 is readily understood and can be readily obtained from any number of commercially available generators which emit an output signal at any selected voltage.
  • One such commercially available model used with good results in accordance with the present invention is that available from Signetics, lnc., of Sunnyvale, Calif. This model advantageously utilizes a zenor diode voltage clipping circuit and a Schmidt trigger to produce the five volt output signal 32 for as long as there is an input signal 16 to the generator.
  • Timer 26 includes a variable resistor 34 and a capacitor 36, the latter being deemed fully charged when the voltage across its plates reaches the value of nearly five volts of the input signal 32. It is helpful at this point in the description to refer to a mechanical analogy in regard to the operation of the timer 26. Specifically. electron flow or current may be analogized to a flowing stream, the variable resistor 34 to a valve which regulates the amount of fluid which is permitted to flow past a constriction, and the capacitor 36 to a container or receptacle having a specified volume.
  • variable resistor 34 there will be a certain current flow 32 through the resistor 34 that will take a specified amount of time to fill" the capacitor 36. or to impress the rated 5 volt charge on this component. It is only after this interval of time has elapsed, that the timer 26 will produce an output signal 38 of 5 volts which ultimately results in the operation of the automatic syringe 18 in a manner which will soon be described. From what has been described thus far, however, it should be readily appreciated how the timer 26 imposes a time interval between the input of the signal 32 into the timer 26 and the generation therefrom of an output signal 38.
  • the timer 26 is effective in minimizing operation of the medication-administering device 18 except when required to rectify or correct a real emergency situation involving the patient 10.
  • the variable resistor 34 is set at that setting which requires an appropriate time interval before the signal 38 is produced by the timer 26, and this contributes to eliminating any false indications of emergency. What this actual time interval is will depend on the bodily function being supervised by the monitor 12 and the medical situation that the patient finds himself in.
  • Timer 28 may be any one of several commercially available electronic timers, one such suitable timer being available from RCA, of Harrison, NJ.
  • the first is the generation by the timer 28 of the previously noted signal 20 which is transmitted to the medicationadministering device 18 and which results in its dosedelivering operation.
  • the second timer 28 also commences its own timing operation.
  • the interval of this operation is 20 minutes or the equivalent of the refractory period for the drug lidocaine which it was assumed was being administered by the device 18 to the patient 10.
  • a third event required of the timer 28 is to impose an operating condition on the system which, in effect, renders it impossible for another output signal 38 to be transmitted to the timer 28. This must be prevented for the 20 minute refractory period, since any output signal 38 correspondingft results in signal 20 causing operation of the device 18.
  • the first timer control 30 is, in effect, a short circuit consisting essentially of a transistor, or as shown a triac 42 which is connected in short circuit relation to the capacitor 36. Signal is transmitted to the biasing plate of the triac 42 and is effective in placing it in charging condition, thereby completing the connection of circuit 44 to ground and resulting in an alternate path for the electronic flow of the signal 32 exiting from the variable resistor 34.
  • the interface or control device 22 thus contributes to a system, involving a monitor 12 which supervises the bodily functions ofa patient 10, two important and significant safeguards.
  • The'first safeguard is that there will be an adequate refractory period between administered doses to the patient.
  • the second safeguard is that the medication dosage will not be administered to the patient until there is some assurance that the condition which occurs in the patient requiring said medication is ofa sufficient duration to indicate an emergency medical situation, rather than merely a temporary change in the supervised bodily function which is of a non-emergency status.
  • a control device for said monitor comprising means for generating a selected voltage signal in response to a signl input thereto from said monitor, a first timer electrically connected to continuously receive said selected voltage signal as an input thereto for a time interval necessary to charge a capacitor to the value of said selected voltage, means operated by said first timer when said capacitor thereof achieves said voltage charge to start the operation of said medication-administering device, and a second timer operated simultaneously with said medicationadministering device for a selected time interval and effective to prevent any successive operation of said first timer until completion of said selected time interval, whereby an initial medication dosage is delivered to said patient by said medication-administering device only after the lapse of said time interval of said first timer so as to minimize any false indication of an emergency situation and a succeeding dosage is delivered only after the lapse of said time interval
  • An improved control device for a patientsupervising monitor as defined in claim 1 including means for selectively varying the time intervals of operation of said first and second timers independently of each other.
  • a control device for said monitor comprising means for generating a selected voltage signal in response to a signal input thereto from said monitor, a first timer electrically connected to continuously receive said selected voltage signal as an input thereto for a selected time interval preparatory to emitting a control signal, means operated by said control signal of said first timer to start the operation of said medication-administering device, and a second timer operated simultaneously with said medication-administering device for a selected time interval and effective to prevent any successive operation of said first timer until completion of said selected time interval, whereby an intitial medication dosage is delivered to said patient by said medication-administering device only after the lapse of said time interval of said first timer so as to minimize any false indication of an emergency situation and a succeeding dosage is delivered only after the lapse of said time interval of said second timer which

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Hematology (AREA)
  • Anesthesiology (AREA)
  • Vascular Medicine (AREA)
  • Biophysics (AREA)
  • Surgery (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Medical Informatics (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Physiology (AREA)
  • Cardiology (AREA)
  • Diabetes (AREA)
  • Infusion, Injection, And Reservoir Apparatuses (AREA)
  • Measuring And Recording Apparatus For Diagnosis (AREA)
US449622A 1974-03-11 1974-03-11 Control device for a monitor supervising a patient Expired - Lifetime US3871361A (en)

Priority Applications (8)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US449622A US3871361A (en) 1974-03-11 1974-03-11 Control device for a monitor supervising a patient
CA217,674A CA1036226A (en) 1974-03-11 1975-01-09 Monitor with automatic medicator control
GB279475A GB1459972A (en) 1974-03-11 1975-01-22 Control device for a monitor supervising a patient
AU77811/75A AU7781175A (en) 1974-03-11 1975-01-31 Control device for a monitor supervising a patient
NL7501293A NL7501293A (nl) 1974-03-11 1975-02-04 Regelinrichting voor een beeldmonitor.
JP50015202A JPS50120189A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1974-03-11 1975-02-05
DE19752507248 DE2507248A1 (de) 1974-03-11 1975-02-20 Kontrolleinrichtung fuer ein patientenueberwachungssystem
FR7506163A FR2263741B3 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1974-03-11 1975-02-27

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US449622A US3871361A (en) 1974-03-11 1974-03-11 Control device for a monitor supervising a patient

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US3871361A true US3871361A (en) 1975-03-18

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US449622A Expired - Lifetime US3871361A (en) 1974-03-11 1974-03-11 Control device for a monitor supervising a patient

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US (1) US3871361A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
JP (1) JPS50120189A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
AU (1) AU7781175A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
CA (1) CA1036226A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE2507248A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR2263741B3 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1459972A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
NL (1) NL7501293A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4031884A (en) * 1974-06-07 1977-06-28 Institut National De La Sante Et De La Recherche Medicale Apparatus for correlating the respiratory and cardiac cycles
US4078562A (en) * 1976-08-16 1978-03-14 Diana W. Friedman Infusion pump with feedback control
US4146029A (en) * 1974-04-23 1979-03-27 Ellinwood Jr Everett H Self-powered implanted programmable medication system and method
US4213455A (en) * 1977-07-05 1980-07-22 Pye (Electronic Products) Ltd. Apparatus for the infusion of a labor-inducing drug into the bloodstream of a patient
US4275727A (en) * 1980-01-07 1981-06-30 Keeri Szanto Michael Device for monitoring and controlling self-administered intravenous drug dosage
EP0038080A3 (en) * 1980-04-16 1981-12-30 Medtronic, Inc. Patient interactive stimulator
WO1984000028A1 (en) * 1982-06-14 1984-01-05 Endotronics Inc Apparatus for delivering a controlled dosage of a chemical substance
US4425920A (en) 1980-10-24 1984-01-17 Purdue Research Foundation Apparatus and method for measurement and control of blood pressure
US4534756A (en) * 1983-04-11 1985-08-13 Ivac Corporation Fault detection apparatus and method for parenteral infusion system
EP0176286A3 (en) * 1984-09-19 1988-01-13 National Research Development Corporation Powered infusion apparatus
US5014715A (en) * 1988-11-22 1991-05-14 Chapolini Robert J Device for measuring the impedance to flow of a natural or prosthetic vessel in a living body
US5533981A (en) * 1994-10-06 1996-07-09 Baxter International Inc. Syringe infusion pump having a syringe plunger sensor
US6248090B1 (en) * 1996-02-23 2001-06-19 Novo Nordisk A/S Syringe with electronic representation of parameters
US20030114801A1 (en) * 2001-12-18 2003-06-19 Dca Design International Limited Medicament injection apparatus
US8523827B2 (en) 2001-12-18 2013-09-03 Dca Design International Limited Medicament injection apparatus

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5545307U (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1978-09-18 1980-03-25
IT1125671B (it) * 1978-11-24 1986-05-14 Loomhurst Ltd Valvola di drenaggio di condensa
EP0191094A1 (en) * 1984-08-29 1986-08-20 SCHWEITZER, Stanley Alexander Apparatus for feeding metered amount of liquid
US4833379A (en) * 1988-01-13 1989-05-23 Sherwood Medical Company Motor control fail-safe circuit

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2690178A (en) * 1950-11-13 1954-09-28 Research Corp Automatic apparatus for administering drugs
US2979055A (en) * 1954-06-18 1961-04-11 Burroughs Wellcome Co Method for the administration of muscle relaxant drugs
US3143111A (en) * 1960-09-23 1964-08-04 Winston Electronics Ltd Blood pressure follower
US3144019A (en) * 1960-08-08 1964-08-11 Haber Edgar Cardiac monitoring device
US3651806A (en) * 1969-10-24 1972-03-28 Philip I Hirshberg Method and apparatus for administering digitalizing medications
US3771694A (en) * 1972-07-07 1973-11-13 A Kaminski Infusion pump

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2690178A (en) * 1950-11-13 1954-09-28 Research Corp Automatic apparatus for administering drugs
US2979055A (en) * 1954-06-18 1961-04-11 Burroughs Wellcome Co Method for the administration of muscle relaxant drugs
US3144019A (en) * 1960-08-08 1964-08-11 Haber Edgar Cardiac monitoring device
US3143111A (en) * 1960-09-23 1964-08-04 Winston Electronics Ltd Blood pressure follower
US3651806A (en) * 1969-10-24 1972-03-28 Philip I Hirshberg Method and apparatus for administering digitalizing medications
US3771694A (en) * 1972-07-07 1973-11-13 A Kaminski Infusion pump

Cited By (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4146029A (en) * 1974-04-23 1979-03-27 Ellinwood Jr Everett H Self-powered implanted programmable medication system and method
US4031884A (en) * 1974-06-07 1977-06-28 Institut National De La Sante Et De La Recherche Medicale Apparatus for correlating the respiratory and cardiac cycles
US4078562A (en) * 1976-08-16 1978-03-14 Diana W. Friedman Infusion pump with feedback control
US4213455A (en) * 1977-07-05 1980-07-22 Pye (Electronic Products) Ltd. Apparatus for the infusion of a labor-inducing drug into the bloodstream of a patient
US4275727A (en) * 1980-01-07 1981-06-30 Keeri Szanto Michael Device for monitoring and controlling self-administered intravenous drug dosage
EP0038080A3 (en) * 1980-04-16 1981-12-30 Medtronic, Inc. Patient interactive stimulator
US4425920A (en) 1980-10-24 1984-01-17 Purdue Research Foundation Apparatus and method for measurement and control of blood pressure
US4629686A (en) * 1982-02-19 1986-12-16 Endotronics, Inc. Apparatus for delivering a controlled dosage of a chemical substance
WO1984000028A1 (en) * 1982-06-14 1984-01-05 Endotronics Inc Apparatus for delivering a controlled dosage of a chemical substance
US4534756A (en) * 1983-04-11 1985-08-13 Ivac Corporation Fault detection apparatus and method for parenteral infusion system
EP0176286A3 (en) * 1984-09-19 1988-01-13 National Research Development Corporation Powered infusion apparatus
US5014715A (en) * 1988-11-22 1991-05-14 Chapolini Robert J Device for measuring the impedance to flow of a natural or prosthetic vessel in a living body
US5533981A (en) * 1994-10-06 1996-07-09 Baxter International Inc. Syringe infusion pump having a syringe plunger sensor
US6248090B1 (en) * 1996-02-23 2001-06-19 Novo Nordisk A/S Syringe with electronic representation of parameters
US20030114801A1 (en) * 2001-12-18 2003-06-19 Dca Design International Limited Medicament injection apparatus
US8523827B2 (en) 2001-12-18 2013-09-03 Dca Design International Limited Medicament injection apparatus
US8617127B2 (en) 2001-12-18 2013-12-31 Dca Design International Limited Medicament injection apparatus

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2263741A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1975-10-10
CA1036226A (en) 1978-08-08
NL7501293A (nl) 1975-09-15
DE2507248A1 (de) 1975-09-25
FR2263741B3 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1977-11-04
GB1459972A (en) 1976-12-31
JPS50120189A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1975-09-20
AU7781175A (en) 1976-08-05

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Owner name: BAXTER TRAVENOL LABORATORIES, INC., ONE BAXTER PAR

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:AUTO SYRINGE, INC.;REEL/FRAME:004088/0422

Effective date: 19820927