US3869876A - Apparatus for tempering glass - Google Patents

Apparatus for tempering glass Download PDF

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Publication number
US3869876A
US3869876A US369212A US36921273A US3869876A US 3869876 A US3869876 A US 3869876A US 369212 A US369212 A US 369212A US 36921273 A US36921273 A US 36921273A US 3869876 A US3869876 A US 3869876A
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Prior art keywords
projection
storage tank
chamber
tempering
bench
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US369212A
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English (en)
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Maurice Gardent
Wadislaw Michalak
Roger Prost
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Air Liquide SA
LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
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Air Liquide SA
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
    • C03B27/00—Tempering or quenching glass products
    • C03B27/02—Tempering or quenching glass products using liquid
    • C03B27/026—Tempering or quenching glass products using liquid the liquid being a liquid gas, e.g. a cryogenic liquid, liquid nitrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K24/00—Devices, e.g. valves, for venting or aerating enclosures
    • F16K24/04—Devices, e.g. valves, for venting or aerating enclosures for venting only

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT Apparatus for tempering objects comprising means for heating each said object substantially to its softening point; putting said object into direct contact, in a tempering chamber, with a projected flow of refrigerant fluid, such as liquid nitrogen, drawn from a main continuous nitrogenstorage tank; extracting from said main tank a definite measured quantity of said refrigerant fluid, sufficient for one single tempering operation on said object; transferring said measured quantity to an auxiliary temporary storage tank disposed close to said tempering chamber; and projecting said measured quantity of refrigerant fluid into said tempering chamber by applying to said auxiliary storage tank, for a very short time, a pressure which is substantially higher than that existing in said main storage tank.
  • refrigerant fluid such as liquid nitrogen
  • the invention is also directed to a gasextraction clapper-valve for separating the gaseous and liquid phases of the refrigerant fluid.
  • FIGJO APPARATUS FOR TEMPERING GLASS The present invention relates to the tempering of articles, and especially of articles made of glass.
  • a method of this kind is generally utilized with a device or apparatus comprising a heat insulated tempering chamber provided with inlet and outlet means for the said article, a projecting system for the refrigerant fluid comprising a projection bench provided with a plurality of devices for spraying the said fluid, directed towards the interior of the tempering chamber, a fluidsupply means utilized for the projection bench from a main storage tank, together with a receptacle for recovering the residual refrigerant fluid and heat-insulated,
  • a tempering process of this kind necessitates the use of continuous storage of the refrigerant fluid in the liquid form and under pressure (of at least two bars absolute).
  • tempering process adopted does not enable an exact appreciation to be made of the quantity of refrigerant fluid strictly necessary to carry out the treatment of a given article. Nor does it enable an accurate control to be effected of the quantity of refrigerant fluid consumed during the course of the treatment. All these disadvantages generally involve excessive consumption of refrigerant fluid.
  • the essential object of the invention is therefore to provide a device for tempering which makes it possible at the same time to estimate accurately (in particular with an approximation of i 0.5 percent) of the quantity of refrigerant fluid required per article treated, and to control the quantity of fluid actually consumed during the course of the treatment.
  • the object of the invention is satisfied by a tempering apparatus in which:
  • the main storage tank is generally under a low pressure (atmospheric pressure for example);
  • the measured quantity of refrigerant fluid is transferred into an auxiliary and temporary storage tank arranged close to the tempering chamber and serving as a relay between the main tank and the projection zone of the fluis employed;
  • Rapid projection is effected of the measured quantity, temporarily stored in the auxiliary tank, which is put under pressure for a very short time with respect to the low pressure existing in the main tank.
  • the pressure in the auxiliary storage tank is then reduced to the low pressure of the main storage tank.
  • the projection system for the refrigerant fluid of the tempering device comprises:
  • At least one auxiliary storage tank heat-insulated and intended to receive each measured quantity of the refrigerant fluid.
  • the wall of this tank is intended to withstand an internal pressure considerably higher than the internal pressure of the main storage tank.
  • This auxiliary storage tank communicates on the one hand with a refrigerant fluid supply means and on the other hand with the projection bench, through the intermediary of a siphon;
  • the invention also relates to a de-aeration valve cooperating closely with the projection bench of the refrigerant fluid, and necessary for the operation of this latter, ensuring during the application of cold to this latter, the exclusive passage of the gaseous phaseof the said fluid towards the exterior, and the exclusive stopping of the liquid phase of the said fluid.
  • This clappervalve comprises a closure device free and enclosed in a housing provided at its two extremities with two oriflees forming a seating for the said device, one upstream for the introduction of the said phases and the other downstream for the exclusive evacuation of the gaseous phase.
  • the closure device may occupy three positions, namely a stable closure position for the upstream orifice, a stable exclusive stopping position for the liquid phase in which it closes the downstream orifice, and an exclusive passage position for the gaseous phase in which it is in pneumatic suspension in the vicinity of the upstream orifice.
  • the tempering process defined above is more particularly applied to objects or articles of glass, but it may quite clearly be applied to the tempering of objects of steel or any other metal.
  • the shape of the articles to be tempered has no effect on the execution of the invention, whether these articles are flat (window glass, mirrors, etc), concave or convex (spectacle glasses, for'example), or having any other geometrical shape.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic view of a tempering device according to the invention
  • FIG. 2 is a detailed view in cross-section of a tempering device
  • FIG. 3 is a general view of the tempering device mounted on rails
  • FIG. 3 represents a view in cross-section taken along the line AA' of FIG. 3 of a detail of a device according to the invention
  • FIG. 4 is a front view of the perforated distribution side wall
  • FIG. 5 is a view in cross-section of the said wall
  • FIGS. 6 and 7 represent a spraying device suitable for mounting on the wall shown in FIGS. 4 and FIGS. 8, 9 and 10 show a de-aeration clapper-valve according to the invention, together with its method of operation.
  • a tempering device comprises a tempering chamber 12 heatinsulated with a material 740 provided with an inlet means and outlet means 701 for the article to be tempered, a projection system 702 for the refrigerant fluid utilized (a cryogenic liquid) directed towards the interior of the chamber 12, a supply means 705 of refrigerant fluid utilized on a projection bench 704, from a main storage tank 1, together with a receptacle 13 for the recovery of the residual refrigerant fluid, heatinsulated and arranged at the lower part of the tempering chamber 12, and associated with re-cycling means (pump 10) of the residual fluid towards the projection bench 704.
  • the projection system 702 comprises two projection receptacles 2A and 2B of the refrigerant fluid, arranged facing each other on each side of the tempering chamber 12, and movably mounted with respect to this latter along the axis 711.
  • Each projection receptacle 2 having the geometrical shape of a palm comprises a convex wall 710, a perforated wall 21 directed towards the tempering chamber 12, and a partition 709, substantially parallel to the perforated wall 21.
  • the partition 709 forms on one side with the convex wall 710, an auxiliary storage tank 20 for a pre-determined and measured quantity of the refrigerant fluid, and on the other side with the perforated wall 21, a distribution chamber 708 for the refrigerant fluid.
  • the auxiliary storage tank 20 and the distribution chamber 708 are heat-insulated.
  • Each auxiliary tank 20 communicates on the one hand with the supply means 705 of refrigerant fluid from the main and continuous storage tank 1, controlled by a valve EV 4, and on the other hand with the projection bench 704 through the intermediary of a siphon 7 arranged inside the said tank.
  • This siphon 7 comprises a rising circulation conduit 7 and a downward circulation conduit 7", communicating with each other at one extremity, and more particularly at a high level, and at the other extremity with a low level of the auxiliary tank 20 and a low level of the projection bench 704 respectively, more precisely with a low level of the distribution chamber 708.
  • a projection system according to the invention further comprises pressurizing and de-pressurizing means for each auxiliary storage tank 20.
  • the pressurizing means comprises a conduit 706 connected toa source 15 of gas under pressure through the intermediary of a control valve EV 2, communicating with a high level of each tank 20.
  • the tie-pressurizing means comprises a gasextraction valve Vl communicating with a high level of each auxiliary storage tank through the intermediary of the conduit 706, and a gas-introduction conduit 707 connected to the source 15 of gas under pressure through the intermediary ofa control valve EV 3, communicating with a high level of each siphon 7.
  • Each distribution chamber 708 communicates at a high level with a de-aeration valve 8 which will be described later.
  • the tempering chamber 12 is provided with an injection device 713, communicating with the recovery receptacle 13 through the intermediary of the re-cycling means 10 and the conduit 11.
  • a glass article to be treated such as a plate 703
  • a definite and measured quantity of the refrigerant fluid necessary and sufficient to carry out a single tempering operation of the object treated.
  • This quantity of the refrigerant fluid is transferred and divided between the two auxiliary storage tanks 20a and 20b by means of the conduit 705 and the electro-valves EV4 and EVS.
  • the article to be tempered is then introduced into the tempering chamber 12 through the intermediary of the inlet and outlet means 701.
  • the tanks 20a and 20b being filled with a perfectly known quantity of refrigerant fluid (for example liquid nitrogen), are subjected for a very short time, in the vicinity of one second, to a pressurization which brings up the internal pressure of each of them to a value higher than the pressure existing in the main storage receptacle 1.
  • a pressurization which brings up the internal pressure of each of them to a value higher than the pressure existing in the main storage receptacle 1.
  • the de-aeration valve 8 associated with each distribution chamber 708, permits a very rapid evaporation of the volume of gas remaining in the projection system, and enables the refrigerant fluid to be available in the liquid form from the first moments of the projection and spraying operation of the cryogenic liquid employed.
  • the pressurization can be regulated and may have a value between 1 and 9 bars absolute by means of the electro-valve EV2 and to the large delivery pressure-reducing valve 6.
  • the electro-valve EV2 remains open during the whole of the tempering operation, and the pressure existing in the auxiliary storage tanks 20 is kept constant by means of the pressure-reducing device 6. During the tempering, the residual refrigerant fluid is collected in the liquid form in the recovery receptacle 13 after the passage of the liquid through the filter 14.
  • the treated article is extracted from the tempering chamber 12 through the outlet and inlet means 701, and the projection of refrigerant fluid is stopped by de-pressurizing the auxiliary storage tanks 20a and 20b.
  • the valve EV2 is closed and simultaneously the valves EV3 and the valve Vl are opened.
  • the desired reduction in pressure is generally too slow (it takes about 1.5 seconds to pass from 9 bars absolute to 1 bar absolute)
  • the circulation of the refrigerant fluid in the siphon 7 is practically immediately stopped by opening the valve EV 3 which enables gas under pressure to be introduced into this latter. This ensures the instantaneous unpriming of the siphon.
  • the residual refrigerant fluid subsisting at the end of this tempering operation, collected in the recovery chamber 13, can be re-cycled and re-employed for the next following tempering operation, by means of the pump 10 and the opening of the valves EV 9 and EV 10, which enables the refrigerant fluid recovered to be re-injected into the auxiliary storage tanks 20a and 20b.
  • This same re-cycling means permits a small flowrate of the recovered refrigerant fluid to be circulated towards an injection and spraying device 713 arranged inside the tempering chamber 12, by means of the conduit 11.
  • a device for measuring the volume of the refrigerant or cryogenic liquid enables a continuous control to be effected of the quantity of liquid injected into the auxiliary storage tanks.
  • This so-called bubbler device essentially comprises a differential pressure-gauge 3.
  • a gas for example nitrogen, coming from the tank of gas under pressure is caused to circulate through the intermediary of a regulation valve 4, a flow-meter 5, one of the three electro-valves shown at EV 6, EV 7 and EV 8, the last of which EV 8 serves for control ling the liquid collected in the recovery chamber 13, separated from the tempering chamber 12 by a filter 14 for regenerating the quantities of cryogenic liquid recovered.
  • This measurement consists of eliminating the liquid which is present in plunger tubes 16, 17 and 18, placed respectively in the tanks 20a, 20b and the chamber 13, and in proceeding to read the difference in height h on the pressure-gauge 3, caused by the pressure applied by the gas so as to expel the said liquid.
  • This pressure is proportional to the height of the cryogenic liquid present in the tanks 20a and 20b and the chamber 13.
  • Two palms or projection receptacles 2A and 2B serve for tempering objects, of glass for example, by spraying liquid nitrogen. Only the palm 2A has been shown in FIG. 2 in view of the symmetry of the assembly. The elements of the palm 2B in FIG. 3 are provided with the index b.
  • the palm 2A comprises an elliptically domed external casing 20 with an upper opening having a cylindrical neck 11 forming a thermal sleeve for a tube 110 coaxial with the neck 111, opening into an auxiliary storage tank 140 of liquid nitrogen.
  • This tank has a convex domed wall 107 of ellipitical contour, parallel to the external casing 20 and forming with this latter a heatinsulating chamber 152 under vacuum.
  • the opening 111 and the tube 110 form between them an annular heat-insulation chamber 151 in communication with the chamber 152.
  • the casing 20 is closed by a flat perforated wall 21, with perforations 200 intended to receive spraying devices or jets 202 directed towards the part to be tempered.
  • the tank 140 has a flat wall or vertical partition 102 at a distance from the perforated wall 21, forming with this latter a distribution chamber for the cryogenic liquid to be sprayed, and extending substantially over the whole length of the major axis of the ellipse formed by the said tank 140.
  • This wall 102 forms at its lower portion a passage 142 with a vertical conduit 105 for downward circulation, through the intermediary of an elbow 142.
  • the wall 102 is connected to the domed wall 107 while leaving the passage 142 which opens in a siphon formed by the cylindrical conduit and another cylindrical conduit 103 for downward circulation, coaxial with the cylinder 105 and having a larger diameter than this latter.
  • the conduits 103 and 105 couple the wall 102 to its lower portion 103, and the conduit 105 is also coupled to the lower portion ofthe domed wall 107 by the elbow 142.
  • the conduit 103 surrounding the conduit 105 plunges substantially into the chamber formed by the domed face 107 and the conduit 105.
  • the upper portion or high level 105a of the conduit 105 is open, whereas the upper portion or high level 103a of the conduit 103 is closed.
  • the conduit 103 is longer than the conduit 105, which causes it to surround completely the conduit 105 at its upper portion.
  • the two conduits 103 and 105 form between each other an annular chamber 141 with rising circulation. in communication with the tank 140.
  • the whole of the conduits 103 and 105 and the walls 102 and 107 defines a siphon 7 through the intermediary of the annular passage 142 which opens into the distribution chamber 700, comprised between the facing walls 21 and 102.
  • the conduit 105 forms an internal siphon tube and the conduit 1 103 forms the external siphon tube.
  • the interior of the tube 105 forms a downward circulation conduit 7' for the cryogenic liquid, and communicates with a low level of the distribution chamber 700 through the intermediary of the passage 142.
  • a tube 162 communicating with a valve of the type EV 3 is welded to the upper part of the conduit 103, passes parallel to and inside the tube 110, and passes through an elbowed tube which is also welded on the tube 110.
  • the tube 162 is provided with a coupling 163 and the opening with the neck 111 is hermetically closed by a washer 119 which grips the tube 110.
  • the tube 115 is connected to an electro-valve of the same type as EV 2 of FIG. 1.
  • conduits 106 and 16 placed in the tube 110, open into two couplings 114 ad 1140, diametrically mounted on the elbowed tube 115.
  • the conduit 106 serves to bring liquid nitrogen into the tank 140 and extends substantially down to the bottom of the said tank.
  • the conduit 16 is placed in the tank 140, substantially at the same depth as the conduit 106, is provided with four orifices at 90 from each other (not shown), and serves for the measurement of the level by bubbling.
  • the conduit 106 is connected to an electro-valve of the type EV 4, EV 5, while the conduit 16 is connected to an electro-valve of the same type as EV 6 and EV 7 of FIG. 1.
  • the mechanical coupling between the walls 21 and 107 is effected by a collar 118.
  • An abutment 104 enables the distance between the walls 21 and 102 to be maintained when the palm is pressurized.
  • the domed facing walls 20 and 107 have been given a mirror polish.
  • the vacuum existing in the interstitial chamber comprised between the walls 107 and 20 is effected through an orifice 120.
  • a collar serves for the guiding and fluid-tightness of the domed wall 107 with the wall 21 which carries the jets 202.
  • the displacement of the palm 2A is effected by rolling on two frame-rails 123.
  • a supporting rib 109 fixed to the palm 2A by welding has a fixing shaft 116 for controlling the distance between the palms.
  • a tie-rod 124 which can be locked on the said shaft by a nut 117, and which fixes the distance between the palms.
  • a roller 121 mounted on a supporting plate 122 which is in turn welded on the rib 109, permits the movement of the palm 2A along the said rail.
  • the mechanical coupling between the rib 109 and the tube 1 is effected by a supporting lug 113.
  • the articles for example of glass brought-up to its softening point, come in through a cover-door 218.
  • the movement of these articles is vertical and is effected downwards for the introduction before tempering and upwards for extraction after tempering.
  • This door 218, protected by a reinforcement 203, is provided with an electro-magnetic control device 217 for its opening and closing.
  • the receptacle 12 has a cylindrical ring shape 225, with a diameter slightly greater than that of the palms. It is heat-insulated by a wall 220, of polyurethane for example.
  • This wall 220 is held gripped in two sealing collars 502 and 502. At the lower portion of the receptacle 12 there is mounted, substantially vertically below the door 218, a recovery receptacle 13 of ellipsoidal shape for collecting the liquid nitrogen which is not vaporized during the tempering operation.
  • a tube 251 passes substantially to the bottom of the receptacle l3 and serves for the measurement of level by bubbling. At its lower portion, it is provided with four holes at 90 from each other (not shown), and is connected to the electro-valve EV 8 (FIG. 1).
  • a heat-insulation cone 221 filled with polyurethane foam covers the upper portion of the receptacle l3, and is coupled to the lower part of the insulating wall 220.
  • a T-shaped drainage tube 214 placed at the lower part of the receptacle 13, opens to the exterior of the said receptacle and comprises a coupling 213 and a coupling 216 for fitting to a device with electro-valves EV 9 and EV 10 and to a pump 10, as shown in FIG. 1.
  • An outlet 226, placed above the filter 14, permits the escape of gas generated by the tempering operation.
  • a support 207 permits the maintenance of the receptacle-chamber assembly for tempering on the remainder of the apparatus by rollers 207 on a supporting rail 123, as indicated in FIG. 3.
  • the palms 2A and 2B shown in FIG. 3 are mounted outside the receptacle 12.
  • the guiding of the palms 2A and 2B in the chamber 12 during tempering is facilitated by the presence at the lateral extremities 401 of the ring 225, ofa slight conicity of 30 over a short distanee, as shown in FIG. 2.
  • the palms 2A and 2B are placed in the receptacle 12 during the tempering, and the forward movement of the palms 2A and 2B is ensured by two operating screws 600, synchronized with each other by means of a pinion and chain drive (not shown), and comprising a crank-handle 601.
  • each palm 2A and 28 by the operating screw 600 may be retractable. It is then possible to displace each of the palms freely and rapidly on the rails 123.
  • a support 420 welded on the receptacle 13 carries a motor 406 which drives a pump 10 for re-cycling the liquid nitrogen, this pump being mounted between two electrovalves EV 9 and EV 10.
  • the electro-valve EV 9 is connected at its other extremity to the bottom of the receptacle 13, and a substantially vertical conduit 11 is placed between the pump 10 and the electro-valve EV 10.
  • This conduit 11 opens into the chamber 12 through a spraying nozzle (not shown) which serves for the injection of the cryogenic liquid which maintains cold the interior of the chamber 12.
  • FIG. 2 is shown a de-aeration valve 199 mounted in an orifice 201 and permitting the cryogenic liquid sent over the distribution wall 21 for cryogenic liquid, to expel the volume of gas comprised in the various circulation and distribution chambers.
  • This de-aeration valve permits very rapid evacuation of the volume of gas considered and enables sprayed cryogenic liquid to be available from the first second of application of pressure to the palms.
  • the palms are moved forward by means of the rails into the interior of the receptacle 12 through the intermediary of the operating screw 600.
  • Liquid nitrogen is then introduced into the auxiliary storage tanks of the palms, and the mass of liquid enclosed in the palms. serving to temper the articles brought in through the door 218 by opening the cover 203' is then put under pressure by means of gaseous nitrogen through the conduits 115a and 115b.
  • the quantity of unused liquid nitrogen is recovered in the receptacle 13 and serves, be-
  • the nozzles may be replaced by plugs at certain points, depending on the nature of the objects to be tempered.
  • the nozzles which may be employed are for example of the type such as those shown in FIGS. 6 and 7. There is then obtained a flat jet which is suitable for tempering glass plates.
  • These nozzle jets 202 have an elliptical orifice 800.
  • this de-aeration valve such as that shown by the reference number 199 in FIG. 2.
  • this de-aeration valve comprises a cylindrical housing 300 surmounted by two frustoconical portions, the first 301 serving as a clapper seating for a closure device, for example a ball B enclosed in the housing 300 and capable of moving freely inside the said housing, the second having the reference 302 serving to create a depression neck 310 with the ball B when the fluid passes out in the gaseous form at 311 at the beginning of the putting into operation of the tempering device (see FIG. 9).
  • the clapper-valve 199 is mounted vertically and the truncated cones 302 and 301 are provided at each extremity of the housing with an orifice, one on the upstream side 304 for introducing the liquid or gaseous phases of the fluid, the other downstream 305 exclusively for the evacuation of the gaseous phase.
  • the diameter of the ball B is greater than that of the orifices 304 and 305.
  • the method of operation of the clapper-valve 199 will now be described.
  • a certain quantity of gas must be eliminated.
  • the conditions of flow are such that the ball B (closure device) is held in a position for the exclusive passage of the gaseous phase in the vicinity of the cone 302 by the depression created at the level of the neck 310 and existing between the ball B and the conical section 302 (see FIG. 9).
  • the ball B is then in pneumatic suspension in the vicinity of the upstream orifice 304.
  • the cryogenic liquid which reaches the orifice 304 and which replaces the gas.
  • the flow conditions are no longer the same and the liquid under pressure is not deflected by the ball, which becomes pushed upwards against the conical section 301 which forms a clapper seating 201.
  • the closure device is in an exclusive stable stopped position of the liquid phase, for which it closes the downstream orifice 305.
  • the valve is opened and the ball returns to a stable position of rest on the conical section 302 (see FIG. 8), in which the closure member closes the upstream orifice 304.
  • the ball may have a density higher than that of the liquid (Teflon for example, with respect to liquid nitrogen) provided that the pressure of the liquid compensates for the weight of the ball.
  • a device for tempering objects by the projection of a refrigerant liquid onto a said object when the latter is heated to its softening temperature comprising means defining a heat-insulated tempering chamber that provides a passageway for said objects, a projection system for refrigerant liquid comprising a projection bench directed toward the interior of said chamber, means for supplying said liquid to said projection bench from a main storage tank, a heat-insulated recovery receptacle for the residual refrigerant liquid disposed at a lower part of said tempering chamber, means for recycling said residual liquid from said recovery receptacle to said projection bench, said means for supplying said liquid further comprising at least one auxiliary storage tank adjacent said projection bench, means for feeding said refrigerant liquid from said main storage tank to said auxiliary tank, a siphon between said auxiliary storage tank and said projection bench, and pressurizing and de-pressurizing means for said auxiliary storage tank whereby when said auxiliary storage tank is pressurized, said refrigerant liquid flows through said siphon from said auxiliary storage
  • a device as claimed in claim 1, in which said siphon comprises an upward-circulation conduit and a downward-circulation conduit, communicating with each other at one extremity at a high level and at the other extremity at a low level of said auxiliary tank and a low level of said projection bench respectively.
  • tempering chamber is provided with an injection device for said refrigerant fluid, said device communicating with the recovery receptacle through the intermediary of re cycling means.
  • said depressurizing means comprises a gas-extraction means adapted to communicate with said auxiliary storage tank, and a gas-introduction means communicating with said siphon.
  • said projection bench comprises a distribution chamber for said refrigerant fluid, said chamber communicating with the siphon and comprising a perforated wall directed towards said tempering chamber.
  • each said perforation of said perforated wall is associated with a device for spraying said refrigerant fluid, said device being fixed on said perforated wall.
  • two receptacles are mounted in a movable manner with respect to said tempering chamber.

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US369212A 1972-06-15 1973-06-12 Apparatus for tempering glass Expired - Lifetime US3869876A (en)

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Cited By (6)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0830939A1 (en) * 1996-09-20 1998-03-25 The Boc Group, Inc. Tempering method
US5931981A (en) * 1998-07-31 1999-08-03 Glasstech, Inc. Process for quenching glass sheets with a cryogenic liquid and pressurized air
US5938808A (en) * 1998-07-31 1999-08-17 Glasstech, Inc. Process for cryogenically quenching glass sheets
US5968220A (en) * 1998-07-31 1999-10-19 Glasstech, Inc. Process for modulated cryogenic quenching of glass sheets
CN103253857A (zh) * 2012-02-20 2013-08-21 王世忠 薄玻璃热钢化生产方法与设备
CN109321725A (zh) * 2018-12-03 2019-02-12 宁夏机械研究院股份有限公司 限形淬火脱模装置

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CA1100386A (en) * 1978-04-03 1981-05-05 Dana Corporation Automatic bleeder valve
NL188710C (nl) * 1990-10-15 1992-09-01 Welgro Bv Bulktank.
CN111825318B (zh) * 2020-07-21 2021-07-13 淄博宜臣轻工制品有限公司 一种高强度玻璃制作用速冷装置

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US3603102A (en) * 1969-11-21 1971-09-07 Du Pont Method and apparatus for extracting heat from articles with a liquid freezant

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US3603102A (en) * 1969-11-21 1971-09-07 Du Pont Method and apparatus for extracting heat from articles with a liquid freezant

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0830939A1 (en) * 1996-09-20 1998-03-25 The Boc Group, Inc. Tempering method
US5772717A (en) * 1996-09-20 1998-06-30 The Boc Group, Inc. Tempering method using a two phase flow of cryogen
AU720026B2 (en) * 1996-09-20 2000-05-18 Boc Group, Inc., The Tempering method
US5931981A (en) * 1998-07-31 1999-08-03 Glasstech, Inc. Process for quenching glass sheets with a cryogenic liquid and pressurized air
US5938808A (en) * 1998-07-31 1999-08-17 Glasstech, Inc. Process for cryogenically quenching glass sheets
US5968220A (en) * 1998-07-31 1999-10-19 Glasstech, Inc. Process for modulated cryogenic quenching of glass sheets
CN103253857A (zh) * 2012-02-20 2013-08-21 王世忠 薄玻璃热钢化生产方法与设备
CN109321725A (zh) * 2018-12-03 2019-02-12 宁夏机械研究院股份有限公司 限形淬火脱模装置
CN109321725B (zh) * 2018-12-03 2023-12-22 宁夏机械研究院股份有限公司 限形淬火脱模装置

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FR2187711A1 (ja) 1974-01-18
DE7322367U (de) 1973-09-20

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