Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
  • A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
  • A61F13/15—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators
  • A61F13/53—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
  • A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
  • A61F13/01—Non-adhesive bandages or dressings
  • A61F13/01008—Non-adhesive bandages or dressings characterised by the material
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
  • A61L15/00—Chemical aspects of, or use of materials for, bandages, dressings or absorbent pads
  • A61L15/16—Bandages, dressings or absorbent pads for physiological fluids such as urine or blood, e.g. sanitary towels, tampons
  • A61L15/22—Bandages, dressings or absorbent pads for physiological fluids such as urine or blood, e.g. sanitary towels, tampons containing macromolecular materials
  • A61L15/28—Polysaccharides or their derivatives
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
  • A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
  • A61F13/15—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators
  • A61F13/84—Accessories, not otherwise provided for, for absorbent pads
  • A61F13/8405—Additives, e.g. for odour, disinfectant or pH control
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
  • A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
  • A61F2013/00361—Plasters
  • A61F2013/00727—Plasters means for wound humidity control
  • A61F2013/00731—Plasters means for wound humidity control with absorbing pads

Definitions

• aldehyde polysacchandee aldehyde polysaccha' 128/56 r1de may be, for example, ox1dized cellulose fibers or oxidized starch,
• the aldehyde polysaccha- [56] References Cited ride is distributed in the absorbent pad so that a larger portion is present in that portion of the pad in which UNITED STATES PATENTS the body fluids first enter.
• the art has long been devoted to finding a solution to the problem of embarrassing and unpleasant odors arising from the use of diapers and dressings.
• the body fluids absorbed by these dressings and, in particular, by catamenial dressings contain various organic materials such as mucus, blood and blood derivatives including hemoglobin, fibrin, blood albumin and serum.
• these dressings provide an ideal environment for pathogenic micro-organisms such as streptococca, enterococci, diptheroids and coliform bacilli which are normally present in body orifices such as the vagina. These organisms cause the formation of decomposition products, and in particular, cause the formation of amine compounds, a major cause of embarrassing and unpleasant odor.
• Diapers and catamenial dressings all generally comprise an absorbent pad of loosely associated fibrous materials such as comminuted woodpulp fibers, cotton linters, rayon fibers, cotton staple, synthetic absorbent fibers and the like. It has been found to be extremely difficult to incorporate and maintain deodorizers, heretofore generally in the form of powders, within the absorbent pad of the dressings without resorting to extremely elaborate procedures which are incompatible with the high speed manufacturing and packaging techniques associated with these products.
• a dressing for absorbing body fluids comprising an absorbent pad which greatly reduces the unpleasant odor associated with the use of these products without the need for incorporating non-compatible, non-absorbent deodorizing materials into the absorbent pad. It has been discovered that the aldehydic polysaccharides when incorporated into the absorbent pad exhibit deodorizing properties and, in particular, greatly reduce the odor intensity of amine compounds, believed to be a chief cause of odor in diapers, wound dressings and catamenial products.
• polysaccharides such as starch and cellulose
• starch and cellulose may be chemically modifled by attacking the hydroxyl groups in a portion of the anhydrous glucose units of these polymers with an oxidizing agent to convert the hydroxyl group to aldehyde groups, the products of the oxidation hereinafter being termed aldehyde polysaccharides.”
• aldehyde polysaccharides can be provided in the form of absorbent fibers and so can obviate the problems associated with prior deodorizers in that they can conveniently and effectively be incorporated into the dressings of this invention.
• fibrous cellulose may be oxidized to the aldehyde form and will, in all important respects, exhibit the properties of the unoxidized fibers with the exception that the oxidized fibers will be effective deodorizers.
• starch may be oxidized and incorporated into a viscose rayon spinning solution. In this manner, an alloy fiber having deodorizing properties may be provided. Again, the resulting fibers will have the physical characteristic of non-deodorizing fibers now commonly used in the dressings of this invention and so will be easily incorporated into these dressings in a manner compatible with current manufacturing procedures.
• the odor intensity of amine compounds absorbed onto the pad is significantly reduced.
• the capacity for reducing the odor intensities of amines is a function of the percent conversion of the polysaccharide to the aldehyde form as well as the quantity of converted polysaccharide incorporated into the absorbent pad. In general, these parameters should be chosen to produce an odor reduction of at least about 30 percent based on an objective organoleptic evaluation test such as the one described hereinafter, using a model odorant such as dimethylamine.
• a pad comprising as little as 5 percent by weight ofthe aldehyde polysaccharide fibers i.e., the weight percent of the fibers comprising polysaccharide treated to convert a portion of the polymers to the aldehyde form
• a reduction of percent may be accomplished by increasing the aldehyde polysaccharide fiber content of the pad to percent by weight.
• the percent of conversion of hydroxyl groups on the polymer chain may vary widely and still produce an effective deodorizer. As used herein, the term percent conversion is defined as the percentage of hydroxyl groups converted to the aldehyde form based on the total number of hydroxyl groups on the unconverted polysaccharide chain.
• a polysaccharide having a percentage conversion as low as 5 percent can be effective as a deodorizer. From a practical point of view, however, little additional cost is involved in converting polysaccharides to percentage conversions of about 30-60 percent with concomitant increased deodorizing effectivity. In the case of cellulose fibers, a percent conversion of more than 60 percent generally adversely affects such product-related properties as fiber grindability, product uniformity, and web strength and should be avoided where these properties are important. On the other hand, starch may be converted beyond the 60 percent level without such adverse effects.
• the aldehyde polysaccharide fibers in greatest concentrations at those portions of the absorbent pad where the fluid being absorbed first enters (hereinafter referred to as the top of the pad). In this way, the efficiency of the deodorizer is greatly enhanced.
• at least 65 percent by weight of the aldehyde polysaccharide fibers should be distributed in the top half of the pad and still more preferably, at least 50 percent should be distributed in the top third of the pad.
• the aldehyde polysaccharide incorporated into a dressing in accordance with this invention, may be made by starting with a wide variety of natural and synthetic polysaccharide materials such as, for example, starch and such cellulosics as wood pulp, rayon, cotton, flax and the like.
• the starting material chosen is one which is in the form of absorbent fibers or can be extruded or otherwise shaped into this form and will be compatible with the manufacturing and the use of the dressing when incorporated with additional absorbent material in forming an absorbent pad.
• Polysaccharide from any of these sources, may be oxidized to the herein prescribed aldehyde form by the action of an oxidizing agent attacking the hydroxyl groups on the anhydrous glucose units of the polymer chain.
• an oxidizing agent attacking the hydroxyl groups on the anhydrous glucose units of the polymer chain.
• sodium periodate is chosen as the oxidizing agent
• the vicinal hydroxyl groups in the anhydrous glucose unit are attacked to form two aldehyde groups, the resulting product having the structure:
• the extent of the reaction may be controlled to provide the preferred conversions prescribed herein by choosing the proper molar ratio of reactants and limiting the time of reaction, in accordance with methods well-known in the art. It has been discovered that a percent conversion of as little as 5 percent, when used in a pad, is effective as a deodorizer for obnoxious odors resulting from amine compounds. Preferably, a percent conversion of at least 30 percent should be used.
• the dressings of this invention are highly effective in reducing odors caused by a wide variety of amines which have been found to be present in such dressings such as, for example, mono, or diand trimethyl amines; mono, diand tri-ethyl amines; and monodi and tripropyl amines, in addition to the more complex.
• amines which have been found to be present in such dressings such as, for example, mono, or diand trimethyl amines; mono, diand tri-ethyl amines; and monodi and tripropyl amines, in addition to the more complex.
• cyclic amines such as indole and skatole (methyl indole).
• secondary amines may react to form an adduct
• R represents the polysaccharide chain and R and R represent alkyl or heterocyclic structures of the amines.
• the aldehyde polysaccharide fibers are incorporated in the absorbent pads used in such products as wound dressings, diapers, sanitary napkins and tampons.
• the absorbent pads for each of these products are formed from a bulk supply of absorbent fluff such as ground wood pulp board. regenerated cellulosic fibers, or the like.
• a small portion of this bulk fluff may comprise aldehyde polysaccharide, such as, for example, cellulose fibers which have been oxidized to the aldehyde form. This oxidizing treatment does not significantly alter the physical characteristics of the fibers and so the treated fibers may easily be uniformly blended with untreated fibers.
• the mixing being essentially that of homogeneous material and hence, a uniform mixture is easily attainable.
• the modified fibers are physically the same as the unmodified fibers. the problems of retention in the absorbent pads. heretofore associated with other deodorizers. is completely obviated; the modified fibers are entangled and held in place with the remaining fibers in the pad.
• the aldehyde polysaccharide may be incorporated directly into the viscose dope prior to spinning the regenerated cellulose fibers through the spinnerettes.
• the aldehyde polysaccharides of this invention e.g.. aldehyde cellulose and aldehyde starch may be incorporated to form an alloy fiber having deodorizing properties. These alloy fibers may be used alone or together with other non-deodorizing fibers in the absorbent pad.
• an effective dressing can be produced by distributing the aldehyde polysaccharide uniformly throughout the absorbent pad, it has been discovered that, particularly with thick pads. the use of the alde hyde polysaccharide is enhanced by placing the same in that portion of the pad which first contacts the body discharge (i.e., the top portion). In the case of sanitary napkins and diapers, this is the portion from which the odorants are most likely to evolve during use. For example, a pad uniformly distributed with a quantity of a specific aldehyde cellulose fiber of about 25 percent by weight of the total pad reduces the odor of a model amine odorant by percent, in accordance with the organoleptic testing method herein described.
• a pad comprising only 5 percent of the same aldehyde cellulose, distributed uniformly in only the top third of the pad (the portion on which the odorant is first introduced) reduces the odor level by 56 percent, i.e., one-fifth the deodorant accomplishes more than about two-thirds of the reduction. It is important to note, in this connection that this result is accomplished even though the odorant is first applied and then allowed to equilibrate on the pad so that it is thoroughly and uniformly distributed throughout the pad before organoleptic evaluations are made. In general.
• a substantial increase in deodorization may be achieved by distributing the aldehyde polysaccharide fibers so that at least 65 percent by weight of such fibers (based on total weight of such fibers present in the pad) are distributed in the top half of the pad. Preferably, at least 50 percent should be distributed in the top third of the pad.
• Absorbent pads made in accordance with the teachings of the invention, are organoleptically evaluated and the examples which follow, illustrate the advantages which accrue.
• an evaluation procedure hereinafter referred to as the Modified Ratio Scale Organoleptic Evaluation Method, is employed.
• THE MODIFIED RATIO SCALE ORGANOLEPTIC EVALUATION METHOD This method is devised so that data obtained from an organoleptic appraisal panel may produce an evaluation of a sample characterizet'l as an absolute value for odor intensity.
• the evaluation will indi' cate, quantitatively, as to whether the odor intensities of the samples are strong or weak.
• one sample may contain a deodorizer which is many times as effective as that contained in a second sample. This notwithstanding, both deodorizers may only produce a small decrease in the odor intensity, all of which is indicated by the subject evaluation method.
• the first step in this method is to determine the threshold concentration of the odorant.
• the method used is described by Fred H. Steiger in Chemical Technology, Volume I, p. 225, April, 1971, wherein the determination of the odor threshold concentration for ethylamine is described, applying the Weibull distribution function.
• this procedure requires the gathering of Organoleptic data from a panel presented with a series of samples containing odorant in increasing concentrations in order to determine the concentration level at which an arbitrary percentage of the panelists can detect the odor. For the purposes of the current evaluation that arbitrary percentage is chosen as the cumulative 50 percent level.
• the threshold concentration of the odorant is specific to the odorant and the conditions of the sampling procedure.
• the method employed herein for panel evaluation is to present each panelist with a series of samples, in a sampling apparatus which consists of an opaque, one
• the samples each comprise a specific concentration of the odorant in a water solution, a total of 3 ml. of solution being placed in the jar.
• a panel of about 30 women are presented with a series of equilibrated samples of increasing concentration and, starting with a sample at zero concentration (water only), are asked to report the first sample having a detectable odor.
• the panelists are instructed to sniff each samplein turn, pausing 30 seconds between samplings.
• the accumulated data is organized to establish the cumulative percentage of the panel which detects an odor at each concentration level corresponding to each sample.
• the data, so organized, is plotted as described in the aforementioned Steiger article on Weibull Probability Paper with the concentration as the abscissa and the cumulative percentage ofthe panel as the ordinate.
• the concentration at 50 percent is then taken as the threshold concentration.
• the Modified Ratio Scale Method is applied by preparing a master curve. Using the same testing apparatus, a series of samples are prepared and presented to the panel wherein the concentrations of odorant are in multiples of the threshold concentration. One of these samples must be 20 times the threshold concentration.
• each panelist is asked to evaluate the set of samples before her and to assign a value to the odor intensity of each sample in proportion to the intensity of the other samples. The panelists are free to choose whatever scale they wish. For example, a panelist may assign 10 to the strongest sample. A sample having half the intensity, in accordance with this panelists evaluation, would then be assigned a value of 5.
• the accumulated data then consists of a series of evaluations at each multiple of threshold concentration for each panelist, each series being based upon the individual panelists scale.
• a ratio scale value of 100 is assigned to the sample concentration of times threshold concentration.
• Each of the panelists evaluations are then proportioned to bring their individual scales to the basis of 100 for 20 times threshold concentration. For example, the evaluations of a panelist assigning a value of 10 to a first sample having a concentration of 20 times threshold concentration and 5 to a second sample having 4 times threshold concentration will be proportioned to show, for that panelist, a value of 100 for the first sample and a value of 50 for the second sample.
• the Master Curve may now be used to evaluate the odor intensity of any odorant when placed in any environment such as, for example, on a pad of untreated cellulosic fibers or on a pad of fibers containing deodorizing material and, in addition to obtaining comparisons between the relative intensity of the samples tested, an absolute measure of the intensity of each sample may be obtained.
• the panel is presented with a series of samples, one of which is a standard sample consisting of a known concentration of the odorant being tested in an environment identical to that used in producing the Master Curve.
• this standard sample is chosen as having 20 times the threshold concentration and hence, a Ratio Value of on the Master Curve.
• the panelists are again asked to evaluate the series of samples using whatever scale they choose.
• EXAMPLE I Water washed, three denier rayon is reacted in a solution of 0.5 molar sodium metaperiodate, the solution having a pH of 2. The reaction occurs at room temperature and is allowed to continue for 6 hours. Oxidized rayon fibers are obtained and are analyzed by the method of J. J. Willard and R. F. Schwenker, Jr., Textile Research Journal, 35, p. 564 (June, 1965), indicating a 20 percent conversion of the hydroxyl groups of the anhydrous glucose units to the aldehyde form. A second sample is prepared allowing the rayon to react for 24 hours. Analysis indicates a 34 percent conversron.
• Threshold concentrations are determined by a panel of 17 individuals using ethylamine as the odorant and using the procedures and apparatus described above. In each case, three milliliters of a water solution of ethylamine at the concentrations shown in the table below are introduced into the sampling apparatus. A first series of samples contain only the ethylamine solution, a second contain grams of unoxidized water washed rayon fibers, as a control. Third and fourth series of samples contain 5 grams of the and 34 percent converted rayon fibers, respectively. Each series is presented to the panelists in order of concentration and the panelists are asked to identify the first sample which has a detectable odor. The order of presentation of each series is randomized.
• the multiples of threshold concentration of the solution applied to the wood pulp pad will be referred to as the Applied Odor Units.
• a Master Curve is prepared, as described above, and the values reported by the panelists are averaged for each sample tested, using the geometric mean and put on a standard basis using this Master Curve. This value is referred to as the Reported Odor Units, i.e.. the odor intensity which is equivalent to the intensity of a sample in the standard environment. at the concentration of the odorant equal to the Reported Odor Units times the threshold concentration.
• EXAMPLE I This example illustrates the effects of varying the percent conversion of aldehyde cellulose. uniformly distributed in an absorbent pad of untreated wood pulp.
• the treated cellulose consists of fibrous wood pulp PERCENTAGE OF PANEL DETECTING ODOR Solution Water Washed 207: Converted 347: Converted Only Rayon Control Rayon Rayon Concentration of Ethylamine (grams/ml X 10) 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.88 O 0 O 0 1.8 0 6 6 l2 3.5 l8 l2 l8 12 7.0 47 l8 l2 14.0 82 88 Z9 24 28.0 88 100 29 24 56.0 100 100 35 24 112.0 -l00 l00 71 35 224.0 100 100 94 53 Greater than 224 100 l00 100 I00 Calculated Threshold Concentration: 9A 7.2 68 250 As the above table indicates, the water solution and the untreated rayon control are essentially organoleptic equivalents showing a 50 percent threshold
• the threshold concentration for samples containing 20 and 34 percent converted aldehyde rayon is increased to 68 X 10 and 250 X 10 gm/ml, respectively. That is to say, the presence of the aldewhich is oxidized to the extent indicated in the Table ll below using periodic acid as the oxidizing agent.
• Each of the samples tested consists of 3 milliliters ofthe odorant solution applied to a 2 gram pad consisting of 1 gram of the aldehyde cellulose and 1 gram of wood pulp at the percent conversion indicated in Table ll, below.
• Triethylamine is used as the odorant in two tests, applying two different quantities of odorant, and di- TABLE I1 Applied Odor Units Reported Odor Units Odorant 2 gm Untreated 1 gm Untreated 1 gm Untreated 1 gm Untreated l gm Untreated Pulp Pulp p Pulp Pulp 1 gm 7% Con- 1 gm 40% Conl gm 54% Con 1 gm 57% Converted Aldcverted Alde vcrted Alde verted Aldehyde Cellulose hyde Cellulose hyde Cellulose hyde Cellulose hyde Cellulose Triethylamine 2O 12 4 3 3 Triethylamine 43 36 15 8 6 Dimethylamine I24 78 42 28 I0 hyde rayon has so depressed the odor intensity of the ethylamine, that the cumulative percent threshold level reported is about 8 times that of the controls in one case and 30 times in the other.
• the Modified Ratio Scale Organoleptical Evaluation method is used to illustrate the effectiveness of aldehyde cellulose as a deodorizer when combined with wood pulp in an absorbent pad.
• a panel of 35 individuals is used and the standard environment consists of 3 ml of odorant solution applied to a 2.0 gram pad of wood pulp.
• the method of evaluating the panelists data as EXAMPLE III This example illustrates the effect of varying the applied odor intensity on an absorbent pad having a quantity of aldehyde cellulose of a constant percentage conversion.
• the absorbent pads tested each consist of 0.5
• Table III Applied Odor Units As Table III indicates, the aldehyde wood pulp blend tested generally shows a relatively constant percent reduction in the odor intensity of the triethylamine, irrespective of the level of odor intensity, the reduced intensity varying from 30 to 58 percent of the standard.
• EXAMPLE IV This example illustrates the effect of placement of the aldehyde pulp in the absorbent pad.
• Four types of pads are prepared all having a total of 0.34 gms of 57 percent converted aldehyde cellulose and 1.66 grams of wood pulp.
• the pads were made up of three layers, each of which had fibers uniformly distributed therethrough in accordance with the distribution shown in Table IV below.
• the samples are placed in the sampling apparatus and three milliliters of a solution of dimethylamine is pipetted onto the top surface of each sample, the solution having a concentration, based on the same standard as in the preceding examples, of 1 1O odor units. After allowing the samples to equilibrate, they are presented to the panel and evaluated in accordance with the methods described herein. The results are reported in Table IV.
• EXAMPLE V A series of pairs of fluff pad samples are prepared: the first of the pair, a standard sample, consisting of percent wood pulp and the second consisting of0.5 grams of 57 percent converted aldehyde cellulose fibers blended with 1.5 grams of wood pulp. Samples of menstrual fluids are collected and pooled and three milliliter aliquots are pipetted onto each of the two sample pads in the series. The samples are given to a panel for evaluation, the results of which are reported below in Table V. The odor level resulting from each standard sample in the series is determined from the Master Curve by comparison with a sample containing dimethylamine having an odor intensity of 20 times threshold and the value so determined is referred to in the following Table V as the Applied Odor Units.
• Such alkaline salts as sodium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate may be used in quantities of about 005 gms. per gram of total absorbent pad and preferably about 0.1 gram/gram. To illustrate the added effects of this combination, the following example is given:
• EXAM PLE VI A 3 ml. sample of menstrual fluid having a particularly low pH of less than 6.7 is chosen and applied to the standard 2 gram untreated wood pulp pad. After aging, the odor corresponds to 30 odor units. Three ml aliquots from the same menstrual fluid source are applied to three sample pads consisting of 1.5 gms. of untreated wood pulp and 0.5 gms. of 57 percent converted aldehyde cellulose fibers; 2.0 gms. of untreated pulp on the surface of which is spread 0.1 gms. of sodium bicarbonate in powdered form; and 1.5 gms. of untreated pulp, 0.5 gms. of 57 percent converted aldehyde cellulose fibers and 0.1 gms. of sodium bicarbonate. The samples are evaluated by a panel using the methods described in the previous example. The results are reported in Table VI.
• aldehyde polysaccharide comprises aldehyde cellulose fibers.
• aldehyde cellulose fibers have a percent conversion to the aldehyde form of at least 5 percent and comprise at least about 5 percent by weight of said absorbent body.
• a product for absorbing body fluids comprisingan absorbent body and having deodorizing properties
• said product comprises aldehyde polysaccharide having amine deodorizing properties
• aldehyde polysaccharide comprises a starch.
• aldehyde starch has a percent conversion of at least 5 percent and comprises at least about 5 percent by weight of said absorbent body.

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• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
• Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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• General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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• Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
• Epidemiology (AREA)
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• Artificial Filaments (AREA)
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Citations (7)

• 1973
  • 1973-10-05 US US403749A patent/US3868955A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
• 1975
  • 1975-01-03 DE DE19752500162 patent/DE2500162A1/de not_active Ceased
  • 1975-01-07 GB GB60375A patent/GB1477571A/en not_active Expired
  • 1975-01-08 AT AT10375A patent/AT338980B/de not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1975-01-13 BE BE152344A patent/BE824345A/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1975-01-14 LU LU71650A patent/LU71650A1/xx unknown
  • 1975-01-14 FR FR7501023A patent/FR2297636A1/fr active Granted
  • 1975-01-14 ZM ZM6/75A patent/ZM675A1/xx unknown
  • 1975-01-14 NL NLAANVRAGE7500428,A patent/NL189748C/nl not_active IP Right Cessation

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