US3867818A - Method and apparatus for cryogenic tank warm-up - Google Patents

Method and apparatus for cryogenic tank warm-up Download PDF

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Publication number
US3867818A
US3867818A US30184772A US3867818A US 3867818 A US3867818 A US 3867818A US 30184772 A US30184772 A US 30184772A US 3867818 A US3867818 A US 3867818A
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United States
Prior art keywords
transfer medium
liquid
storage container
heat transfer
reservoir
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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English (en)
Inventor
Edmund George Tornay
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Conch International Methane Ltd
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Conch International Methane Ltd
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
    • F17C13/004—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels for large storage vessels not under pressure
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B25/00—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby
    • B63B25/02—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods
    • B63B25/08—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid
    • B63B25/12—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid closed
    • B63B25/16—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid closed heat-insulated
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63J—AUXILIARIES ON VESSELS
    • B63J2/00—Arrangements of ventilation, heating, cooling, or air-conditioning
    • B63J2/12—Heating; Cooling
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63J—AUXILIARIES ON VESSELS
    • B63J2/00—Arrangements of ventilation, heating, cooling, or air-conditioning
    • B63J2/12—Heating; Cooling
    • B63J2/14—Heating; Cooling of liquid-freight-carrying tanks
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/03—Thermal insulations
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/03—Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
    • F17C2205/0302—Fittings, valves, filters, or components in connection with the gas storage device
    • F17C2205/0323—Valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/03—Mixtures
    • F17C2221/032—Hydrocarbons
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/03—Mixtures
    • F17C2221/032—Hydrocarbons
    • F17C2221/033—Methane, e.g. natural gas, CNG, LNG, GNL, GNC, PLNG
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2223/0146—Two-phase
    • F17C2223/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
    • F17C2223/0161—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL cryogenic, e.g. LNG, GNL, PLNG
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/03—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2223/035—High pressure (>10 bar)
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/03—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2223/036—Very high pressure (>80 bar)
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/01—Propulsion of the fluid
    • F17C2227/0128—Propulsion of the fluid with pumps or compressors
    • F17C2227/0135—Pumps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/0367—Localisation of heat exchange
    • F17C2227/0388—Localisation of heat exchange separate
    • F17C2227/0393—Localisation of heat exchange separate using a vaporiser
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
    • F17C2250/06—Controlling or regulating of parameters as output values
    • F17C2250/0605—Parameters
    • F17C2250/0631—Temperature

Definitions

  • a warm-up system for liquefied gas storage containers is operable as a closed cycle and comprises a reservoir containing a liquid heat transfer medium, pumping equipment for transferring the liquid from the reservoir to a vaporiser where the liquid is vaporised at an elevated pressure, and heat exchange elements within the storage containers for indirect heat exchange with the cold of said containers.
  • the heat transfer medium for LNG is preferably a petroleum hydrocarbon such as isopentane and the vapour fed from the vaporisor may be adjusted to balance the heating rates of the containers.
  • the invention may be used, for example, in marine tankers having insulated cargo tanks adapted for the trans-shipment of cryogenic liquids such as cold liquefied gases, e.g., petroleum gases such as propane or butane, or liquefied natural gas (LNG).
  • cryogenic liquids such as cold liquefied gases, e.g., petroleum gases such as propane or butane, or liquefied natural gas (LNG).
  • LNG liquefied natural gas
  • a methodv of warming up an insulated storage container for a cryogenic liquid after removal of said liquid comprises a. providing a source of heat transfer medium which is in a liquid state and which retains its liquid state at an appropriate pressure over a temperature range from ambient to substantially the boiling point of the cryogenic liquid;
  • the invention includes within its scope a system for carrying out the above method.
  • a warmup system for a cryogenic storage container comprises a reservoir for a heat transfer medium, pump means for feeding the stored heat transfer medium via a vaporiser to a heat exchanger element arranged within the storage container, and a return line connecting the heat exchanger element and the reservoir, the arrangement being such that, in operation, the medium in liquid form is fed to the vaporisor, is vaporised therein at an elevated pressure and is then fed to the storage container for indirect heat exchange therewith.
  • the heat transfer medium may conveniently be a petroleum hydrocarbon such as propane, isobutane, isopentane, propylene, l-butene or 1- pentene or a flourinated hydrocarbon such as monoclorodi-fluoromethane or dichlorodifluoromethane, although preferably isopentane would be used.
  • a petroleum hydrocarbon such as propane, isobutane, isopentane, propylene, l-butene or 1- pentene
  • a flourinated hydrocarbon such as monoclorodi-fluoromethane or dichlorodifluoromethane, although preferably isopentane would be used.
  • the method and system described provides an alternative to the present system for warming up an LNG marine tanker.
  • the present system comprises circulating hot methane gas through the cargo tanks for direct heat exchange therewith via suitable compressors and heat exchangers.
  • the disadvantages of this system are 1. Large compressors and large diameter pipes are required to provide sufficient mass flow through the tanks; and
  • the cargo tanks could be warmed up over an average range of temperature from 240F. to +40F. in approximately one day.
  • the indirect system described above could be expected to achieve warm-up in half the time compared with the present system.
  • economies of perhaps 10 percent of the cost of the complete cargo handling system could be achieved, compared with the present system, in view of the fact that very large compressors are not required.
  • lsopentane is stored at ambient temperature and atmospheric pressure in a storage tank 1 and is fed as required into a reservoir 3 via a gate valve 2 and nonreturn valve 2a.
  • the reservoir 3 is connected to a heat exchanger 4 via a line 5 which has included therein a gate valve 6 at the outlet from the reservoir, a pair of pumps 7 arranged in parallel, each having an inlet and outlet valve 7a, 7b, respectively, associated therewith whereby one pump can act as a stand-by whilst the other is operating, and a further gate valve 8 at the inlet to the heat exchanger.
  • the line 5 also includes a portion 5a by-passing the pumps 7, said portion including a globe valve 5b.
  • the heat exchanger 4 has a connection from a steam line 9 via a regulating valve 10, and the arrangement of the heat exchanger is such that, steam fed thereto provides a source of indirect heat for the isopentane liquid passing therethrough. Steam condensate is fed from the heat-exchanger via outlet line 9a.
  • the isopentane, which is vaporized in the heat exchanger 4 is fed from the top of the latter via an outlet line 11 through a gate valve 13 into a vapour header 16 from which vapour is fed to each of the LNG cargo tanks 17.
  • the isopentane in the vapour header 16 is maintained at a set pressure and temperature, the temperature control comprising the regulating valve 10 in line 9 linked to a temperature controller 15, which is connected into the line 11.
  • each tank houses two separate heat exchanger coils l8 and 19 fed through inlet lines 21, 22 respectively; a gate valve 23 is provided in each said inlet line.
  • the coils l8, 19 are preferably in the form of multiple finned aluminum tubes.
  • the outlets from the coils 18, 19 are fed to a common line 24 and hence via a gate valve 25 to a liquid header 26 for return to the reservoir 3 and are connected to the storage tank 1 via a gate valve 28 and sight glass 29; the storage tank is provided with a nitrogen vent 30 and a relief valve 31.
  • a return line 32 is provided between the reservoir 3 and storage tank 1, which line includes a control valve 33 linked to a level control 34 for the reservoir, to allow for any increase in volume of the isopentane when its temperature is raised during the system operation.
  • the level control 34 is also linked to a low level pump shutdown device 34a.
  • the line 32 includes a cooler 35 utilising sea-water as the cooling medium.
  • a control valve 36 is provided in the line 5 between the pumps 7 and gate valve 8, which is linked to a temperature differential controller 37 connected between headers 16 and 26, and a further control valve 38 is provided in a by-pass line 39 connecting the vapor header to the line 27, said further control valve being linked to a temperature controller 41 connected into the line 27.
  • the system When the temperature in the reservoir 3 steadies, the system is operating normally. The temperature of the system can then be adjusted gradually to a maximum of 320F, the corresponding pressure being approximately 290 p.s.i.g. by appropriate adjustment to the temperature controller 15 which controls regulating valve 10. The vapour valves 23 may then be adjusted to balance heating rates in the tanks 17.
  • stop pump 7 When the warm-up is finished, stop pump 7 and shut off the steam in line 9. Also shut the liquid valve 25 and vapour valves 23 to each tank 17, and valve 13, and allow system to cool down.
  • valve 36 under control of temperature differential controller 37 is arranged to operate to maintain the minimum sub-cooling of the isopentane passing through cargo tanks 17 required to suppress flashing" in the isopentane liquid lines, whilst the valve 38 in bypass line 39 operates to prevent the temperature falling below the minimum design temperature for the reservoir 3 and pumps 7.
  • a method of quickly warming up an insulated liquid cryogenic storage container after removal of the liquid and while the container is still cold comprising a. providing a source of heat transfer medium which is in a liquid state at ambient temperature and which retains its liquid state at an appropriate working pressure over a temperature range from ambient to substantially the boiling point of the cryogenic liquid;
  • a rapid warm-up system for a recently-emptied cryogenic storage container comprising a. a reservoir for a heat transfer medium in liquid form at ambient temperature and pressure,
  • each storage container being provided with a heat exchanger element connected into the system via valves and common vapour and liquid headers,
  • a make-up storage tank i. including a make-up storage tank, means for con necting the reservoir to said make-up storage tank for the heat transfer medium, and a bypass line provided between the reservoir and storage tank, and a control valve in said line linked to a level control for the reservoir, said control valve being operable to cater for expansion of the heat transfer medium as a result of temperature increase during system operation.
  • control valve provided in the line between the pump means and the vaporiser and linked to a temperature difference controller connected across the feed and return for the heat exchange element, the controller being set such that, in operation, the control valve operates to maintain sub- 6 troller connected into said return, the controller being set such that, in operating, the control valve operates to prevent the temperature falling below the minimum design temperature for the reservoir and pump.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
US30184772 1971-11-17 1972-10-30 Method and apparatus for cryogenic tank warm-up Expired - Lifetime US3867818A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB5348171A GB1400010A (en) 1971-11-17 1971-11-17 Method and apparatus for cryogenic warm-up

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3867818A true US3867818A (en) 1975-02-25

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ID=10467980

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US30184772 Expired - Lifetime US3867818A (en) 1971-11-17 1972-10-30 Method and apparatus for cryogenic tank warm-up

Country Status (12)

Country Link
US (1) US3867818A (it)
JP (1) JPS4863314A (it)
CA (1) CA968269A (it)
DE (1) DE2255746A1 (it)
ES (1) ES408711A1 (it)
FR (1) FR2161676A5 (it)
GB (1) GB1400010A (it)
IT (1) IT970397B (it)
NL (1) NL7214563A (it)
NO (1) NO130740C (it)
PL (1) PL79715B1 (it)
SE (1) SE383199B (it)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4331129A (en) * 1979-07-05 1982-05-25 Columbia Gas System Service Corporation Solar energy for LNG vaporization
US20080178611A1 (en) * 2007-01-30 2008-07-31 Foster Wheeler Usa Corporation Ecological Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Vaporizer System
CN104960655A (zh) * 2015-04-08 2015-10-07 江苏宏强船舶重工有限公司 一种船用冰区加热保护系统
US20160091266A1 (en) * 2010-08-06 2016-03-31 Braun Intertec Geothermal, Llc Mobile hydro geothermal testing systems and methods
US10408385B2 (en) 2014-04-15 2019-09-10 Ihi Corporation Method of discharging residual liquid in liquefied gas tank

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1886223A (en) * 1930-05-29 1932-11-01 Fred I Raymond Steam heating system
US1908552A (en) * 1929-05-27 1933-05-09 Randel Bo Folke Method of heating with steam
US3392537A (en) * 1967-03-29 1968-07-16 Air Reduction Liquid cylinder system
US3670517A (en) * 1965-03-15 1972-06-20 Mcmullen John J Apparatus for cooling and filling liquefied gas transport and storage tanks and improvements in said tanks

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS4319759Y1 (it) * 1965-09-22 1968-08-17

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1908552A (en) * 1929-05-27 1933-05-09 Randel Bo Folke Method of heating with steam
US1886223A (en) * 1930-05-29 1932-11-01 Fred I Raymond Steam heating system
US3670517A (en) * 1965-03-15 1972-06-20 Mcmullen John J Apparatus for cooling and filling liquefied gas transport and storage tanks and improvements in said tanks
US3392537A (en) * 1967-03-29 1968-07-16 Air Reduction Liquid cylinder system

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4331129A (en) * 1979-07-05 1982-05-25 Columbia Gas System Service Corporation Solar energy for LNG vaporization
US20080178611A1 (en) * 2007-01-30 2008-07-31 Foster Wheeler Usa Corporation Ecological Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Vaporizer System
US20160091266A1 (en) * 2010-08-06 2016-03-31 Braun Intertec Geothermal, Llc Mobile hydro geothermal testing systems and methods
US10408385B2 (en) 2014-04-15 2019-09-10 Ihi Corporation Method of discharging residual liquid in liquefied gas tank
CN104960655A (zh) * 2015-04-08 2015-10-07 江苏宏强船舶重工有限公司 一种船用冰区加热保护系统
CN104960655B (zh) * 2015-04-08 2017-05-24 江苏宏强船舶重工有限公司 一种船用冰区加热保护系统

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
PL79715B1 (it) 1975-06-30
DE2255746A1 (de) 1973-05-24
NO130740B (it) 1974-10-21
CA968269A (en) 1975-05-27
NL7214563A (it) 1973-05-21
FR2161676A5 (it) 1973-07-06
NO130740C (it) 1975-01-29
ES408711A1 (es) 1975-11-01
IT970397B (it) 1974-04-10
GB1400010A (en) 1975-07-16
JPS4863314A (it) 1973-09-03
SE383199B (sv) 1976-03-01

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