US3867251A - Combustion of alkaline cooking liquor - Google Patents

Combustion of alkaline cooking liquor Download PDF

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Publication number
US3867251A
US3867251A US344652A US34465273A US3867251A US 3867251 A US3867251 A US 3867251A US 344652 A US344652 A US 344652A US 34465273 A US34465273 A US 34465273A US 3867251 A US3867251 A US 3867251A
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United States
Prior art keywords
controlling
chamber
zone
reaction conditions
zones
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Expired - Lifetime
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US344652A
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English (en)
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Gunnar K Holme
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STIFTELSEN CELLULOSA- OCH PAPPERSFORSKNING
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Angpanneforeningen
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Assigned to STIFTELSEN CELLULOSA- OCH PAPPERSFORSKNING reassignment STIFTELSEN CELLULOSA- OCH PAPPERSFORSKNING ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: ANGPANNEFORENINGEN
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G7/00—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals
    • F23G7/04—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals of waste liquors, e.g. sulfite liquors
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21C—PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE BY REMOVING NON-CELLULOSE SUBSTANCES FROM CELLULOSE-CONTAINING MATERIALS; REGENERATION OF PULPING LIQUORS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • D21C11/00—Regeneration of pulp liquors or effluent waste waters
    • D21C11/12—Combustion of pulp liquors
    • D21C11/125—Decomposition of the pulp liquors in reducing atmosphere or in the absence of oxidants, i.e. gasification or pyrolysis
    • D21C11/127—Decomposition of the pulp liquors in reducing atmosphere or in the absence of oxidants, i.e. gasification or pyrolysis with post-combustion of the gases
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S423/00—Chemistry of inorganic compounds
    • Y10S423/03—Papermaking liquor

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT The present invention relates to a method of treating [30] Foreign Application Priority Data evaporated cooking liquor obtained in pulp produc- Apr. 4, 1972 Sweden 4304/72 on an alkali basis in Order recover alkali bonate and sulphide. [52] US. Cl. 162/30, 423/207 Black liquor is injected axially into a cylindrical [51] Int. Cl.
  • the regenerating assembly has maintained its original name ofsoda recovery boiler, which is misleading. Since, however, other designations could cause misunderstandings, the designation recovery boiler is used herein as previously for the heat and chemical recovery assemblies of the sulphate pulp mills and the sulphite pulp mills on sodium basis.
  • the recovery boiler currently used is based on the designs worked out by Tomlinson in the 1930s and it then replaced the rotary unit plus the melting furnace with water cooled air ports used up to that time. These assemblies had a capacity corresponding to pulp prothe method of air supply, cleaning equipment, the tube arrangement of the boiler economizer design etc. Above all it is the increase of capacity, which is strikingly large. At present the units have a capacity of 1,000 tons pulp per 24 hours and the problems of the recovery boiler, which were observable already several years ago, when the designs were extrapolated to ever larger units, have not become considerable. In a mod ern recovery boiler the liquor is sprayed into the furnace in relatively coarse drops, which on one hand temporarily adhere to the walls in the furnace and on the other hand fall down to the bottom thereof.
  • Combustion air is supplied in air registers, which are located at varying height above the bottom. It is desired to obtain such an atmosphere in the lower part of the furnace that a maximum quantity of carbonates and sulphides is formed from the sodium salts. Further upwards in the furnace it is desired to obtain a combustion as complete as possible of all combustible compo: nents, including certain odorous components such as e.g. hydrogen sulphide. At the same time it is highly desirable that a minimum quantity of alkali salts should be carried over from the combustion zone up into the super heater of the boiler and other heat surfaces. Since the assemblies have now attained such large dimensions theree are difficulties in controlling the reduction and oxidation processes by means of the air streams from the registers. The consequence is that the emission of odorous gases is not so easily prevented. Since the combustion process is highly nonhomogeneous and the areas are so large, it is to be feared that difficulties will arise in attempts at restricting the emis:
  • the drawback of the Tomlinson unit at present is the obvious heterogeneity of the reduction and oxidation zones. It is therefore necessary to form a reaction chamber with a large turbulence and a high heat load. Such a device is available in the cyclone burner (known per se).
  • the method according to the present invention is characterized in that the liquor is injected into one end of a cylindrically shaped reaction chamber with substantially tangential gas supply, and the reaction are varied so that in a first zone, as seen from the injection end, the liquor is dried and pyrolyzed, in a second zone is melted and sulphidized, and in at least one succeeding additional zone is oxidized, the melt containing al- .kali carbonate and alkali sulfide being tapped in connection with the second zone.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates a section through a cylindrically shaped reaction chamber with a substantially tangential gas supply
  • FIG. 2 in cross section and at a reduced scale shows a plant comprising such a reaction chamber connected to a steam boiler
  • FIGS schematically illustrates the reactions occurring in a reaction chamber according to FIG. 1.
  • the exemplary primary furnace in a plant for performing the method according to the present invention comprises an horizontal cylinder 2v with a tangential air supply along the mantle, indicated by means of arrows 4.
  • the cylinder is connected with a steam boiler 6, having a form similar to a so called slag top furnace boiler for mineral coal and brown coal.
  • the end of the cylinder remote from the boiler is closed by means of an end wall 8, at which the liquor and the fuel oil required, if any, is added at 10 and 12, respectively.
  • the cylinder 2, the cyclone is provided with tapping means for the smelt indicated at 14.
  • the cylinder is provided with a radial flange 16. If desired a plurality of such radial flanges may divide the cylinder into two or more zones.
  • the internal mantle surface is conveniently cooled in a manner not illustrated.
  • This cooling can be performed in various ways without the risk of smelt soda explosions occurring.
  • the pyrolyzis process which forms part of the intended total process in the cyclone furnace, can be caused to proceed very rapidly (shock pyrolysis).
  • shock pyrolysis For the practical adaption it is necessary that the cyclone combustion does not produce a larger but preferably considerably smaller quantity of transferred alkali salts to the tube system in the boiler.
  • a high temperature of the combustion air is necessary if it is desired to avoid, to the greatest possible extent, oil addition into the process.
  • the present invention relates to a method of treating evaporated cooking liquor obtained in pulp production on alkali basis.
  • the object has been to eliminate the disadvantages mentioned above of a so called recovery boiler. As mentioned it is desirable in such a boiler to obtain a maximum quantity of carbonate and sulphide. Also in the method according to the present invention the object is the same.
  • the reduction and oxidation zones are very heterogeneous in the present recovery boiler, with the accompanying disadvantages described.
  • the heterogeneity within the reduction zone means that drying-pyrolyzis and melting-sulphidizing does not occur in zones well defined from each other, whereby it is very difficult to control the process. Neither are the reduction and oxidation zones so defined from each other as might be desired.
  • FIG. 3 the above-mentioned conditions are illustrated. It should be observed that the reaction components and the reactions indicated are known per se in the prior recovery boiler. The difference is that by means of the new method the various reactions can be controlled in a manner, which can provide the desired result in each step.
  • reaction chamber By replacing the prior reaction boiler by a cyclone a reaction chamber has been obtained with a large turbulence and high heat load, from which the many substantial advantages of the present invention can be derived.
  • the temperatures required for the various reactions are well known per se and in the first zone are about 700C as illustrated in FIG. 3, in the second zone about 900C and in the final oxidation zone about 1 ,l00l,200C.
  • oil or gas can be supplied simultaneously with the cooking liquor and that the walls of the reaction chamber can be cooled by tubes. This feature together with the tangential air supply as mentioned above provides several possibilities of attaining the desired division into reaction zones.
  • the division into the two first reaction zones may consequently be controlled partly by controlling the tangential air supply along the mantle, partly by controlling the cooling of the mantle and partly by controlling the ratio of liquor/oil.
  • a low partition wall is possible between the two first zones.
  • the reduction and oxidation zones are separated in a natural manner by the partition wall 16. It can also possibly be of advantage to divide the final oxidation step into one or more zones by means of similar partition walls.
  • the reaction conditions can also be controlled by controlling the pressure in the various reaction zones. The pressure may thus be increased by reducing the passage area of the succeeding partition wall.
  • the gas utilized for the tangential gas supply said gas is preferably air in the first zone, an inert gas, e.g. flue gas, in the second zone and again air in the final oxidation zone.
  • a method of treating evaporated alkaline cooking liquor obtained from pulp production in order to recover alkali carbonate and alkali sulphide comprising introducing a plurality of streams of hot oxygenvcontaining gas tangentially into a cylindrical reaction chamber to obtain a first area of tangential gas supply extending substantially from one end of said chamber in the axial direction thereof, injecting evaporated liquor of the aforesaid type into said end of the chamber and into contact with said tangential gas supply, controlling the reaction conditions within said first area to obtain a temperature level in a first zone sufficient to dry and pyrolize the injected liquor into alkali carbonate and carbon, and also causing the formation of combustion gas containing the sulphur in the injected liquor in the form of H S, controlling the reaction conditions in a second zone following said first zone in the axial direction of the cylindrical chamber to obtain in said second zone a temperature level sufficient to smelt said alkali carbonate and cause a sulphidizing reaction so that a smelt containing al
  • steps of controlling the reaction conditions within said first and second zones include dividing the reaction chamher by means of an apertured partition wall between said first and second zones.
  • steps of controlling the reaction conditions within said second and third zones include dividing the reaction chamber by means of an apertured partition wall between said second and third reaction zones.
  • steps of controlling the reaction conditions within said zones include dividing the reaction chamber by means of at.least two apertured partition walls.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Paper (AREA)
US344652A 1972-04-04 1973-03-26 Combustion of alkaline cooking liquor Expired - Lifetime US3867251A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SE7204304A SE378119B (ja) 1972-04-04 1972-04-04

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US3867251A true US3867251A (en) 1975-02-18

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US (1) US3867251A (ja)
JP (1) JPS565876B2 (ja)
CA (1) CA983213A (ja)
FI (1) FI55067C (ja)
SE (1) SE378119B (ja)

Cited By (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3915654A (en) * 1973-04-10 1975-10-28 Lazar Adolfovich Oni Sodium carbonate regenerator
US4198385A (en) * 1976-09-07 1980-04-15 Waagner-Biro Aktiengesellschaft Reduction of sodium sulfate to sodium sulfide
EP0048061A2 (en) * 1980-09-12 1982-03-24 Hollandse Constructie Groep B.V. Method and apparatus for processing vinasse
WO1983001437A1 (en) * 1981-10-26 1983-04-28 Rockwell International Corp Flowing melt layer process for production of sulfides
FR2544758A1 (fr) * 1983-04-21 1984-10-26 Skf Steel Eng Ab Recuperation des produits chimiques de la liqueur residuaire de pate a papier
FR2572100A1 (fr) * 1984-10-19 1986-04-25 Skf Steel Eng Ab Procede de recuperation des composes chimiques a partir des liqueurs epuisees de la pate a papier
FR2579639A1 (fr) * 1985-03-26 1986-10-03 Skf Steel Eng Ab Procede et appareil pour la recuperation de produits chimiques a partir de lessive epuisee de pate a papier
US4808264A (en) * 1985-06-03 1989-02-28 Kignell Jean Erik Process for chemicals and energy recovery from waste liquors
US4882010A (en) * 1985-01-22 1989-11-21 Stiftelsen Cellulosa-Och Pappersforskning Method for burning evaporated waste liquor
US5284550A (en) * 1992-06-18 1994-02-08 Combustion Engineering, Inc. Black liquier gasification process operating at low pressures using a circulating fluidized bed
US5328563A (en) * 1991-09-27 1994-07-12 A. Ahlstrom Corporation Method of treating material containing sodium sulphate and/or sodium carbonate in a pulp mill
US5405496A (en) * 1989-11-23 1995-04-11 Chemrec Ab Process for the preparation of cooking liquors having high sulphidity for sulphate pulp cooking
US5478440A (en) * 1992-02-19 1995-12-26 A. Ahlstrom Corporation Method and apparatus for improving the safety of a spent liquor recovery boiler
US5518582A (en) * 1991-09-27 1996-05-21 A. Ahlstrom Corporation Method of affecting the sulphur content and/or sulphur compound composition of a melt in a recovery boiler
US5624470A (en) * 1995-12-22 1997-04-29 Combustion Engineering, Inc. Black liquor gasification with integrated warm-up and purge
US5738758A (en) * 1995-12-22 1998-04-14 The University Of New Brunswick Process for the conversion of calcium sulfide

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS59130947U (ja) * 1983-02-17 1984-09-03 株式会社日立ホームテック 立ち消え安全装置
CA1222604A (en) * 1983-04-18 1987-06-09 Arthur L. Kohl Black liquor gasification process

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2678615A (en) * 1949-12-20 1954-05-18 Rosenblad Corp Method for burning sticky, watercontaining liquid fuel
US2808011A (en) * 1952-08-21 1957-10-01 Miller Hofft Inc Furnace for burning semi-liquid fuels
US2911284A (en) * 1955-06-01 1959-11-03 Combustion Eng Method of burning waste liquors
US2914386A (en) * 1954-12-20 1959-11-24 Hercules Powder Co Ltd Tubular furnace
US3333917A (en) * 1964-02-26 1967-08-01 Billeruds Ab Pyrolysis of a spent sodium-based cellulose liquor
US3366535A (en) * 1966-07-11 1968-01-30 William T Neiman Process for regenerating waste liquor for reuse in kraft pulping operation
US3574051A (en) * 1968-02-08 1971-04-06 Chemical Construction Corp Recovery of black liquor

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2678615A (en) * 1949-12-20 1954-05-18 Rosenblad Corp Method for burning sticky, watercontaining liquid fuel
US2808011A (en) * 1952-08-21 1957-10-01 Miller Hofft Inc Furnace for burning semi-liquid fuels
US2914386A (en) * 1954-12-20 1959-11-24 Hercules Powder Co Ltd Tubular furnace
US2911284A (en) * 1955-06-01 1959-11-03 Combustion Eng Method of burning waste liquors
US3333917A (en) * 1964-02-26 1967-08-01 Billeruds Ab Pyrolysis of a spent sodium-based cellulose liquor
US3366535A (en) * 1966-07-11 1968-01-30 William T Neiman Process for regenerating waste liquor for reuse in kraft pulping operation
US3574051A (en) * 1968-02-08 1971-04-06 Chemical Construction Corp Recovery of black liquor

Cited By (19)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3915654A (en) * 1973-04-10 1975-10-28 Lazar Adolfovich Oni Sodium carbonate regenerator
US4198385A (en) * 1976-09-07 1980-04-15 Waagner-Biro Aktiengesellschaft Reduction of sodium sulfate to sodium sulfide
EP0048061A2 (en) * 1980-09-12 1982-03-24 Hollandse Constructie Groep B.V. Method and apparatus for processing vinasse
EP0048061A3 (en) * 1980-09-12 1983-03-09 Hollandse Constructie Groep B.V. Method and apparatus for processing vinasse
WO1983001437A1 (en) * 1981-10-26 1983-04-28 Rockwell International Corp Flowing melt layer process for production of sulfides
FR2544758A1 (fr) * 1983-04-21 1984-10-26 Skf Steel Eng Ab Recuperation des produits chimiques de la liqueur residuaire de pate a papier
US4601786A (en) * 1983-04-21 1986-07-22 Skf Steel Engineering Ab Recovery of chemicals from pulp waste liquor with plasma generator heating
US4692209A (en) * 1983-04-21 1987-09-08 Skf Steel Engineering Ab Recovery of chemicals from pulp waste liquor
FR2572100A1 (fr) * 1984-10-19 1986-04-25 Skf Steel Eng Ab Procede de recuperation des composes chimiques a partir des liqueurs epuisees de la pate a papier
US4882010A (en) * 1985-01-22 1989-11-21 Stiftelsen Cellulosa-Och Pappersforskning Method for burning evaporated waste liquor
FR2579639A1 (fr) * 1985-03-26 1986-10-03 Skf Steel Eng Ab Procede et appareil pour la recuperation de produits chimiques a partir de lessive epuisee de pate a papier
US4808264A (en) * 1985-06-03 1989-02-28 Kignell Jean Erik Process for chemicals and energy recovery from waste liquors
US5405496A (en) * 1989-11-23 1995-04-11 Chemrec Ab Process for the preparation of cooking liquors having high sulphidity for sulphate pulp cooking
US5328563A (en) * 1991-09-27 1994-07-12 A. Ahlstrom Corporation Method of treating material containing sodium sulphate and/or sodium carbonate in a pulp mill
US5518582A (en) * 1991-09-27 1996-05-21 A. Ahlstrom Corporation Method of affecting the sulphur content and/or sulphur compound composition of a melt in a recovery boiler
US5478440A (en) * 1992-02-19 1995-12-26 A. Ahlstrom Corporation Method and apparatus for improving the safety of a spent liquor recovery boiler
US5284550A (en) * 1992-06-18 1994-02-08 Combustion Engineering, Inc. Black liquier gasification process operating at low pressures using a circulating fluidized bed
US5624470A (en) * 1995-12-22 1997-04-29 Combustion Engineering, Inc. Black liquor gasification with integrated warm-up and purge
US5738758A (en) * 1995-12-22 1998-04-14 The University Of New Brunswick Process for the conversion of calcium sulfide

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS497502A (ja) 1974-01-23
FI55067C (fi) 1979-05-10
CA983213A (en) 1976-02-10
SE378119B (ja) 1975-08-18
FI55067B (fi) 1979-01-31
JPS565876B2 (ja) 1981-02-07

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