US3867139A - Process of making a photoconductive material of cadmium sulfide and cadmium carbonate - Google Patents

Process of making a photoconductive material of cadmium sulfide and cadmium carbonate Download PDF

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Publication number
US3867139A
US3867139A US245811A US24581172A US3867139A US 3867139 A US3867139 A US 3867139A US 245811 A US245811 A US 245811A US 24581172 A US24581172 A US 24581172A US 3867139 A US3867139 A US 3867139A
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photoconductive material
photosensitive layer
silicon compound
photoconductive
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US245811A
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English (en)
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Yoshihiko Yamada
Katsuo Makino
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Fujifilm Holdings Corp
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Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G5/00—Recording members for original recording by exposure, e.g. to light, to heat, to electrons; Manufacture thereof; Selection of materials therefor
    • G03G5/02—Charge-receiving layers
    • G03G5/04—Photoconductive layers; Charge-generation layers or charge-transporting layers; Additives therefor; Binders therefor
    • G03G5/08—Photoconductive layers; Charge-generation layers or charge-transporting layers; Additives therefor; Binders therefor characterised by the photoconductive material being inorganic

Definitions

  • the pigment-resin type photosensitive material is one in which fine powder particles of a photoconductive material dispersed in the resin are applied on a support.
  • Typical photoconductive materials for this purpose are zinc oxide and cad m-iumsulfide.
  • a pigment-resin type photosensitive material containing zinc oxide generally has large light fatigue and is unsuitable as a photosensitive material which is to be used continuously and repeatedly.
  • the present inventor previously found that the photoconductive material, the physico-chemical combination of cadmium sulfide and cadmium carbonate, CdS.nCdCO (O n s 4), had superior properties as the electrophotography sensitive material.
  • the photosensitive material has the characteristic that it can be either positively or negatively charged and regardless of how charged is almost equally sensitive. Further by adding selenium or a selenic compound, iodine or an iodic compound, as disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Nos. 59,l65/l965, 23,546/1967, and 6,475/1968 a metallic salt of a fatty acid as disclosed in Japanese Patent Application No. 62,202/1968 or a coloring matter to the photoconductive material, the electrophotography property has been found to be improved.
  • an object of this invention is to provide a process for making a photoconductive material in which the electrophotography characteristics are not deteriorated even in an atmosphere of high temperature and humidity. Another object is to provide a photoconductive material having superior electrophotography propertieseven in an atmosphere ofhigh temperature and humidity.
  • the silicon compounds which can be employed in the present invention are those materials variously called silane coupling agent, carbon functional silane or silicon of reactivity, including such compounds having the following general formula:
  • R represents a substituted or a nonsubstituted alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an alkenyl group or an aryl group, while X X and X which may be the same or different, each representsa halogen atom or an alcoxyl group.
  • Alkyl groups such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, amyl and the like, substituted alkyl groups such as carboxy substituted alkyl group, hydroxy substituted alkyl groups; chlorosubstituted alkyl groups and the like, cycloalkyl groups such as substituted and unsubstituted cyclohexyl groups, alkenyl groups such as vinyl, propenyl and the like, alkoxy groups such as methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, butoxy and the like, aryl groups such as phenyl, tolyl, xylyl, biphenyl and the like and halogens such as chlorine bromine and iodine are suitable as substituents in the hereinbefore described silicon compound.
  • Suitable specific silicon compounds are as follows: n-propyltrichlorosilane, nbutyltrichlorosilane, phenyltrichlorosilane, methyltrimethoxysilane, phenyltrimethoxysilane, trimethoxysilyl-propylethylenediamine, y-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane, y-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane, vinyltrichlorosilane, chloropropyltrimethoxysilanevinylt riethoxysilane, vinyltris(B-methoxyethoxy) si lane, and B-(3,4-epoxycyclohexyl)ethyltrimethoxysilane.
  • the method of treating the fine powder particles of the photoconductive material with the silicon compound can vary.
  • the'fine powder particles can be dispersed in a solvent such as an alcohol the silicon compound added, and the alcohol removed. Need less to say, other suitable methods such as treatment of the photoconductive material with a vapor of the silicon compound can readily be employed.
  • the amount of silicon compound usually used in the solution employed in treating the photosensitive material is that amount of silicon compound which will result in the prepared photosensitive material containing from about 0.1 to 5%, perferably from about 0.5 to about 5%, by weight of the silicon compound.
  • the washing conducted before the treatment with the silicon compound is to remove the isolated water soluble matter from the photoconductive material. Therefore, the method whereby the washing is conducted can vary and the choice ofa suitable one can be made by the producer. 1
  • the photoconductive material produced in accordance with the present invention has the advantage that a clear image with no lowered image density and little foggy background is obtained even when employed in an atmosphere of high temperature and humidity as an electrophotography sensitive material. Also a photosensitive material having a stable electrophotography property whether charged positively or negatively is provided. By adding a dyestuff to the treated fine powder particles of the photoconductive material it is possible to increase the intrinsic sensitivity or to additionally increase the range of spectral sensitivity.
  • dyestuffs for example, dyestuffsof the phthalein group (Eosine, Roseb'engal, Fluorescein, Floxin, Ethyleosine), the triphenylmethane group (Malachite green, Crystal violet, Brilliant green).
  • the cyanin group Dicyanin, Cryptocyanin, Pinacyanol, Neocyanin, Merocyanin
  • Rhodamine and Methylmium sulfide to be employed in the present invention and their manufacturing process, and the various additives which are used to improve the properties of these particles and the method of their addition, these are previously disclosed in patents by the present inventor. See Japanese Patent No. 557,554 (Application No. 32,170/1965 and Publication No. 32,170/1965) and Japanese Patent No. 567,565 (Application No. 47,045/1965 and Publication No. 23,775/1969).
  • liquid B was added dropwise slowly to form a white sediment of cadmium carbonate.
  • liquid C was'added dropwise in to the Aerosil and cadmium carbonate dispersion and suspension, to convert some of the cadmium carbonate into cadmium sulfide.
  • the fine powder obtained is designated D powder".
  • the thus obtained fine powder particles of the photoconductive material can be employed as a photoconductive pigment for the pigment-resin type photosensitive material.
  • the particle diameter be less than 5 micron.
  • binders used in this case those conventionally employed in the manufacture of the pigment-resin type photosensitive material can suitably be selected, such as polymethylmethacrylates, polyacrylates, polystyrenes, styrene copolymers, vinyl acetate copolymers, melamine resins, urea resins, alkyd resins, epoxy resins and ins.
  • E powder g. of E powder was will dispersed in 400 ml of water having a volume resistance of greater than 10 0 cm, and after standing 30 minutes, the solids settled and the supernatant liquid was removed. This treatment was repeated four times, and the precipitated powder was dried for one night at 80C.
  • the obtained powder is designated F powder 2g of trimethoxysilylpropylethylenediamine dissolved in ethyl alcohol were added dropwise into an agitated solution of l00g of the F powder dispersed in ethyl alcohol, to have the F powder adsorbed by the trimethyoxysilylpropylethylenediamine.
  • the liquid was removed from the dispersionand the solid was dried for about 24 hours at 70C and then it was heat treated for 2 hours at C.
  • the obtained powder is designated G powder 1
  • the G powder was mixed and dispersed with 2g of copper stearate, 50g of a thermosetting acrylic resin (Magicron 200 produced by the Kansai Paint Co., Ltd, Japan) and an organic solvent, a thinner for Magicron 200, this was applied to the surface of an aluminum pipe, 200 mm in diameter and 300 mm in length, at a thickness of 40 microns.
  • This pipe after being dried for The thus formed yellow sediment was, after being- 30 minutes at 70C, was subjected to a hardening treatment for 30 minutes at 150C to produce an electro' photography sensitive material capable of being used repeatedly.
  • the obtained sample is designated No. 1.
  • samples No. l No. 3 were used each for reproduction using coonventional electrophotography processing steps of being charged, exposed, developed and reproduced.
  • sample No. 2 gave a clear image at a low humidity condition but almost no image at a high humidity condition was obtained.
  • sample No. 3 gave only a light image at a low humidity condition.'On the contrary sample No. 1 could reproduce a very clear image even at the high humidity condition of 90% RH at 35C.
  • sample No. 2 gave only an image with a high background density
  • sample No. 1 gave a clearimage with a low background density.
  • Example 2 When vinyltriethoxysilane was employed in place of the trimethoxysilylpropylethylenediamine used in Example I, almost the same results were obtained as in Example 1.
  • Example 3 When vinyltris(B-methoxyethoxy)silane was employed in place of the trimethoxysilylpropylethylenediamine used in Example 1, almost the same results were obtained as in Example 1.
  • Example 4 When ,B-(3,4-epoxycyclohexyl)ethyltrimethoxysilane was employed in place of the trimethoxysilylpropylethylenediamine used in Example 1, almost the same results were obtained as in Example 1.
  • Example 5 When y-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane was employed in place 'of the trimethoxysilylpropylethylenediamine used in Example 1, almost the same results were obtailed as in Example 1. While the invention has been described in detail and in terms of various em bodiment thereof, it will be apparent that various changes and modifications can be made therein without departing from the spirit and the scope thereof.
  • a process for making a photoconductive material which comprises preparing a photoconductive material of fine powder particles principally ofcadmium sulfide and cadmium carbonate in physico-chemical combination, washing said photoconductive material with water to remove water soluble matter, and subsequently adsorbing a silicon compound on said washed photoconductive material so that said photoconductive material contains about 0.1 to 5% weight of said silicon compound whereby a clear image of'high density and little background fog may be obtained on said photoconductive material even in an atmosphere of high temperature and humidity.
  • R represents a substituted or a non-substituted alkyl group, cycloalkyl group, an alkenyl group or an aryl group, and wherein X X and X which may be the same or different, each represents a halogen atom or an alkoxyl group.
  • said photoconductive material comprises CdS.nCdCO in which n is greater than 0 and less than or equal to 4.
  • said photoconductive material comprises CdS.nCdCO in which n is greater than 0 and less than or equal to 4.
  • said photoconduc tive material comprises CdS.nCdCO in which n is greater thanO and less than or equal to 4.
  • said photoconductive material comprises CdS.nCdCO in which n is greater than 0 and less than or equal to 4.
  • a photosensitive layer comprising the photoconductive material of claim 11 dispersed in a binder.
  • An electrophotography sensitive material comprising the photosensitive layer of claim 12 applied on a support.
  • photosensitive layer of claim 12 wherein said photosensitive layer additionally contains a metallic salt of a fatty acid.
  • photosensitive layer of claim 12 wherein said photosensitive layer additionally contains a sensitizing dyestuff.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Photoreceptors In Electrophotography (AREA)
US245811A 1971-04-20 1972-04-20 Process of making a photoconductive material of cadmium sulfide and cadmium carbonate Expired - Lifetime US3867139A (en)

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DE (1) DE2219362A1 (xx)
FR (1) FR2139250A5 (xx)
GB (1) GB1354237A (xx)
NL (1) NL7205306A (xx)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3975306A (en) * 1974-10-30 1976-08-17 Xerox Corporation Method for improving the photo-induced discharge characteristics of certain cadmium chalcogenides
US4026702A (en) * 1974-11-28 1977-05-31 Oce-Van Der Grinten N.V. Photoconductive element having a layer including a photoconductive cadmium compound and hydrophobic colloidal silica
US4148637A (en) * 1973-09-04 1979-04-10 Ricoh Co., Ltd. Silane coupling agent in protective layer of photoconductive element
US4388394A (en) * 1981-07-13 1983-06-14 Gte Products Corporation Cadmium sulfide photoconductor blended with light-absorbing material
US4639402A (en) * 1985-08-02 1987-01-27 Xerox Corporation Photoreceptor containing selenium particles coated with a reaction product of a hydrolyzed silane

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5013048A (xx) * 1973-06-04 1975-02-10
JPS602658B2 (ja) * 1976-08-19 1985-01-23 バリアン・アソシエイツ・インコ−ポレイテツド 汚染物のない光導電絶縁材

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3155504A (en) * 1961-08-17 1964-11-03 Agfa Ag Electrophotographic materials
US3591028A (en) * 1969-09-08 1971-07-06 Murry G Mcclung Jr Lift truck and adapter
US3681067A (en) * 1969-08-13 1972-08-01 Canon Kk Cds-chalcogen ternary compound mixture as photoconductive material in an electrophotographic member

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3155504A (en) * 1961-08-17 1964-11-03 Agfa Ag Electrophotographic materials
US3681067A (en) * 1969-08-13 1972-08-01 Canon Kk Cds-chalcogen ternary compound mixture as photoconductive material in an electrophotographic member
US3591028A (en) * 1969-09-08 1971-07-06 Murry G Mcclung Jr Lift truck and adapter

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4148637A (en) * 1973-09-04 1979-04-10 Ricoh Co., Ltd. Silane coupling agent in protective layer of photoconductive element
US3975306A (en) * 1974-10-30 1976-08-17 Xerox Corporation Method for improving the photo-induced discharge characteristics of certain cadmium chalcogenides
US4026702A (en) * 1974-11-28 1977-05-31 Oce-Van Der Grinten N.V. Photoconductive element having a layer including a photoconductive cadmium compound and hydrophobic colloidal silica
US4388394A (en) * 1981-07-13 1983-06-14 Gte Products Corporation Cadmium sulfide photoconductor blended with light-absorbing material
US4639402A (en) * 1985-08-02 1987-01-27 Xerox Corporation Photoreceptor containing selenium particles coated with a reaction product of a hydrolyzed silane
EP0213723A2 (en) * 1985-08-02 1987-03-11 Xerox Corporation Photoreceptor
EP0213723A3 (en) * 1985-08-02 1988-08-17 Xerox Corporation Photoreceptor

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DE2219362A1 (de) 1972-10-26
NL7205306A (xx) 1972-10-24
FR2139250A5 (xx) 1973-01-05
GB1354237A (en) 1974-06-05

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