US3866586A - Pollution control device - Google Patents

Pollution control device Download PDF

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Publication number
US3866586A
US3866586A US302938A US30293872A US3866586A US 3866586 A US3866586 A US 3866586A US 302938 A US302938 A US 302938A US 30293872 A US30293872 A US 30293872A US 3866586 A US3866586 A US 3866586A
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United States
Prior art keywords
exhaust
plate
intake manifold
manifold
pressure
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Expired - Lifetime
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US302938A
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English (en)
Inventor
Jr Milford M Scott
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Stp Corp
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Stp Corp
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Priority to US302938A priority Critical patent/US3866586A/en
Priority to GB2073873A priority patent/GB1418953A/en
Priority to JP48055438A priority patent/JPS4977030A/ja
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3866586A publication Critical patent/US3866586A/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M26/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding exhaust gases to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture, e.g. by exhaust gas recirculation [EGR] systems
    • F02M26/52—Systems for actuating EGR valves
    • F02M26/59—Systems for actuating EGR valves using positive pressure actuators; Check valves therefor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M26/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding exhaust gases to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture, e.g. by exhaust gas recirculation [EGR] systems
    • F02M26/13—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories
    • F02M26/14—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories in relation to the exhaust system
    • F02M26/16—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories in relation to the exhaust system with EGR valves located at or near the connection to the exhaust system
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M26/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding exhaust gases to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture, e.g. by exhaust gas recirculation [EGR] systems
    • F02M26/13—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories
    • F02M26/17—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories in relation to the intake system
    • F02M26/19—Means for improving the mixing of air and recirculated exhaust gases, e.g. venturis or multiple openings to the intake system
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M26/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding exhaust gases to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture, e.g. by exhaust gas recirculation [EGR] systems
    • F02M26/13—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories
    • F02M26/36—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories with means for adding fluids other than exhaust gas to the recirculation passage; with reformers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B75/00—Other engines
    • F02B75/02—Engines characterised by their cycles, e.g. six-stroke
    • F02B2075/022—Engines characterised by their cycles, e.g. six-stroke having less than six strokes per cycle
    • F02B2075/025—Engines characterised by their cycles, e.g. six-stroke having less than six strokes per cycle two
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M26/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding exhaust gases to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture, e.g. by exhaust gas recirculation [EGR] systems
    • F02M26/50—Arrangements or methods for preventing or reducing deposits, corrosion or wear caused by impurities

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT U.S. A Method and means for regulating the ponutant dis. lnt. C1. .2 harged from an internal ombustion engine regu- 1 1 Field of Search l23/119 A; 60/278, 297 lating the flow of a portion of the exhaust gases from the exhaust manifold to the intake manifold by con- [56] R feren s Cited trolling a reed valve to precisely meter the flow of ex UNITED STATES PATENTS haust gases and/or ambient air in response to atmo- 1 992 266 2/1935 weers 60/279 spheric pressure, intake manifold pressure and exhaust 2,722,927 11/1955 Cornelius...
  • the present invention relates to an improved pollution control device designed to utilize exhaust gas recirculation in an internal combustion engine as the means for reducing carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons and xides of nitrogen.
  • Cornelius US. Pat. No. 2,722,927 Another arrangement for reducing the pollutants discharged from an internal combustion engine is shown in Cornelius US. Pat. No. 2,722,927.
  • the Cornelius system introduces exhaust gases to the combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine to dampen out the surges normally resulting from the rapid opening and closing of the intake and exhaust valves. Exhaust gases are introduced only when required in order to effect maximum volumetric efficiency and at all other times the gases will pass out of the exhaust pipe.
  • This system is rather complex for it utilizes governors, diaphragms and associated linkages and does not effectively control the discharge of pollutants during all operating conditions of the internal combustion engine.
  • catalytic converters be employed in mufflers to help break down the pollutants before they are discharged to the atmosphere.
  • the pollutants are still found in the engine and in the event of malfunction would be discharged to the atmosphere. Further such systems are relatively expensive.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide an improved pollution control device for reducing the formation of pollutants formed within the internal combustion engine by achieving a better combustion process.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide an improved pollution control device wherein the formation of nitrogen oxide pollutants in an internal combustion engine is reduced.
  • Still another object of the present invention is the provision of an improved pollution control device which reduces the production of hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxide in an internal combustion engine, without increasing the formation of aldehydes or hydrocarbon reactivity.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view of an internal combustion engine embodying the pollution control device of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the pollution control device of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the exhaust recirculation plate taken generally along the line 33 of FIG. 2;
  • FIG. 4 is a bottom view of the induction plate taken generally along the line 4-4 of FIG. '2;
  • FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of the induction plate taken generally along the line 5-5 of FIG. 4;
  • FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view illustrating the connection of the conduit to the induction plate, taken generally along the line 66 of FIG. 2;
  • FIG. 7 is a plan view of a reed valve for regulating the admission of fresh air into the exhaust recirculation plate.
  • FIG. 1 there is illustrated an internal combustion engine 10 with which the pollution control device 12 of the present invention may be associated.
  • the engine 10 is of conventional design and comprises a block 14 having a pan 16 secured to the bottom thereof which cooperates to define a crank case chamher.
  • the usual pistons and cylinders are confined within the cylinder block 14 which is closed at the top by a cylinder head and valve cover 18.
  • an intake manifold 20 that is operatively associated with the carburetor 22 and the usual air cleaner 24.
  • an exhaust manifold 28 which includes a conduit 30 adapted to communicate exhaust gases from the engine to a muffler (not shown) from which the gases may be discharged through a tailpipe to the atmosphere.
  • the intake and exhaust manifolds may be connected to the cylinder block or to the cylinder head.
  • the internal combustion engine 10 includes a distributor mechanism 32 that is adapted to be connected by means of electrical conduit to the spark plugs affixed to each cylinders.
  • the engine 10 is provided with a generator or alternator 34 operatively connected to the damper pulley 36 by means of belt means 38.
  • the belt means 38 is also connected to the pulley 37 for the fan 39. so as to drive the fan 39 and thereby pass the air over the radiator to help cool same.
  • the reduction of oxides of nitrogen, carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons emitted from an internal combustion engine may be accomplished by recirculating a portion of the exhaust gases from the engine 10 via the pollution control device 12 which is disposed between the exhaust manifold 28 and the intake manifold 20, such control device also being the metering means, all being responsive to the differential pressure between the intake manifold pressure, exhaust manifold pressure and ambient air pressure.
  • exhaust recirculating plate 40 is disposed between the exhaust manifold 28 and the conduit or exhaust header pipe 30.
  • the exhaust recirculating plate 40 communicates with the induction plate 42 disposed in the intake manifold between the intake manifold and the carburetor 22 by means of a conduit or tube 44.
  • Each of the plates 40 and 42 is provided with holes 46 and 45 which are adapted to be aligned with holes in the flanges on the respective manifold pipes, with which they are joined so that fastening means, for example, bolts may pass through the aligned holes to secure the plates 40 and 42 respectively in fluid tight relationship with the exhaust manifold 28 and the intake manifold 20 respectively.
  • the induction plate 42 has a plurality of passages 52 therein cooperating with the inlet chamber 54 for guiding the exhaust gases from tube 44 through the ports 52 to the annular chamber or groove 58 defined within the induction plate 42.
  • the inner wall of the induction plate 42 defining the opening 62 in the induction plate 42 is provided with a plurality of slot 60 leading from the groove 58 into the throat or opening 62 of the induction plate.
  • the exhaust gases entering the groove or chamber 58 are ducted via the groove 58 and the slots 60 into the throat area 62 at an angle causing them to swirl while entering the intake manifold directly under the carburetor 22.
  • These exhaust gases being hot and swelling help vaporize the fuel drawn through the idling circuit.
  • By heating the fuel coming from the idling circuit it is possible to lean down the idle fuel-air ratio so as to materially reduce the carbon monoxide pollutants, for example in one test, from 3.5 to 1 percent at idle.
  • a reed valve 70 that is adapted to cooperate with fresh air inlet openings 72 so as to selectively permit the entry of fresh air into either or both the exhaust manifold 28 and the intake manifold 20.
  • the chamber 49 is defined by a recess within the exhaust recirculation plate 40 and a separate plate member 69 adapted to be secured to the exhaust recirculation plate by suitable fastening means, for example screws 71.
  • the reed valve 70 has two holes 700 therein receiving guide pins 74 for guiding the up and down movement of the reed valve 70 as viewed in FIG. 3 toward and away from the inlet ports or inlet openings 72.
  • a metering orifice 70b is provided in the reed valve 70 to permit a predetermined flow of gas through conduit 44 even if the reed valve 70 is closing off the inlet to conduit 44.
  • the area of metering orifice 70b is determined by the displacement of the engine.
  • the reed valve 70 allows fresh air to be drawn into the system through the inlet openings 72 in the plate 69 during idling, low cruise, and deceleration modes of engine operation. During idle, deceleration and at cruise speeds, there are negative pulsating pressures in the exhaust manifold 28. During the idle mode of engine op eration, the reed valve 70 allows fresh air to enter the holes 72 and the chamber 49 and mix with warm exhaust gases recirculated through the metering orifice 70b in reed valve 70 to the induction plate 42 under the carburetor, thus eliminating rough idling, which would otherwise be present with the leaner air-fuel mixture.
  • Recirculation is only necessary during idle or deceleration to reduce carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons as oxides of nitrogen are low during these modes of engine operation.
  • the carbon monoxides are reduced during acceleration and cruise modes of operation by the exhaust gases entering the induction plate 42, heating and further vaporizing the fuel where more complete combustion is possible.
  • the carburetor throttle butterfly valve is between closed and one-fourth open. This is due to the fact that the fuel flow through the idling circuit is realized up to onefourth of the throotle opening.
  • bucking or uneven operation results. This problem is eliminated by the hot gases recirculating into the induction plate 42 under the carburetor, heating the incoming fuel-air mixture and thus giving a homogeneous mixture which will completely combust in the cylinders of the engine 10.
  • the high intake manifold vacuum encourages dilution and over-richness of the incoming charge of fuel and air with the exhaust gases drawn back into the cylinger before the exhaust valves are fully closed. This causes incomplete combustion in the deceleration mode resulting in high emissions of pollutants, particularly hydrocarbons.
  • the reed valve is open due to the high vacuum in the intake manifold 20. Fresh air is allowed to enter the exhaust recirculation plate 40 and through the metering orifice 70b in reed valve 70 the induction plate 42 to the intake manifold, thus providing some additional air for combustion and also reducing the vacuum on the idling circuit, which in turn reduces the fuel flow through the idling circuit.
  • the reed valve 70 also allows fresh air to enter the exhaust manifold where there is a vacuum due to pumping action during deceleration. This also reduces the vacuum on the idling circuit which reduces overrich mixture, thus insuring combustion and reducing the emissions of carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons during the deceleration mode of engine operation.
  • FIGS. 4 and 5 there is better shown the detail of the plurality of slots 60 in the inner wall forming groove 58 of the induction plate 42.
  • the slots 60 which lead from the groove 58 to the throat 62 of the induction plate are designed to create a high frequency sound wave when the exhaust gases reach high velocity during acceleration and high speed cruise operation of the engine.
  • the high frequency, high energy sonic standing waves cause the fuel-air mixture to disperse in a homogenous fashion therefore creating an optimum burning condition in the cylinders.
  • An inlet fitting 80 is provided in the wall of the induction plate 42.
  • the hole or passage through the fitting 80 is closed by a screw 82 that may be selectively removed, for example every two thousand miles, to permit a high pressure air supply to be affixed to the end of fitting 80 so as to force high pressure air through the induction plate 42 to remove excess carbon build up in the groove 58 and the slots 60.
  • High pressure air will also be forced down the tube 44 through the groove 58 as to clean excess carbon formed in the tube 44, the
  • the exhaust recirculation plate 40 includes a hydrocarbon separator 84.
  • the hydrocarbon separator 84 comprises a generally cylindrical perforated member having flared fingers or projections 85, 86 extending outwardly from each end thereof.
  • a plurality of retainer arms 87 connected at one end to the separator 84 and at the other end to the exhaust recirculating plate 40 maintain the hydrocarbon separator within the opening 62 in the exhaust recirculation plate and in the exhaust manifold 28.
  • the hydrocarbon separator 84 is disposed in the exhaust manifold 28 so as to come into contact with the exhaust gases at a very high temperature of the gases.
  • the hydrocarbon separator 84 will become red hot and during acceleration and high speed cruise there will be separation of the hydrogen and carbon atoms, thereby helping them to oxidize and assist in minimization of pollutants at the source.
  • the fingers 85, 86 extending outwardly from the main body of the hydrocarbon separator 84 cause turbulence in the exhaust gases as they flow from the exhaust manifold 28 to assist the breakdown and separation of hydrogen and carbon from the exhaust gas.
  • an improved pollution control device utilizing exhaust gas recirculation as a means of reducing the oxides of nitrogen, carbon monoxide, and hydrocarbons formed in the operation of the internal combustion engine.
  • a portion of the exhaust gased and- /or ambient air recirculation flow are precisely metered in automatic self-response to atmospheric or ambient pressure, intake manifold pressure, and exhaust mani- Calculating the concentration emissions as presented in Charts 1 and II, the CO was reduced from 2.54 to 1.05 percent.
  • the hydrocarbons: (hexanes) were reduced from 618 ppm to 445 ppm.
  • the NO was reduced from 974 ppm to 658 ppm.
  • control means for regulating the flow of a portion of the exhaust gases from the exhaust manifold means: to the intake manifold means, said control means including an exhaust recirculating plate means in the exhaust manifold means, a passage communicating to the intake manifold means and a passage communicating to atmosphere, valve means in said exhaust recirculating plate means to meter the exhaust gas and/or ambient air recirculation flow in automatic self-response to the differential pressure of atmospheric pressure, intake manifold pressure and exhaust manifold pressure, so as to reduce the formation of oxides of nitrogen formed within the internal combustion engine, the flow of exhaust gases from the exhaust manifold means to the intake manifold means being controlled by the valve means which comprise a plate valve in the exhaust recirculating plate means which is operative responsive to the differential of intake manifold pressure, exhaust manifold pressure, and atmospheric pressure, for admitting fresh air
  • the internal combustion engine includes a carburetor and an induction plate between the intake manifold means and the carburetor.
  • conduit means connect the exhaust recirculating plate with the induction plate.
  • a structure as in claim 3 including a hydrocarbon separator associated with the exhaust recirculating plate means and disposed in the exhaust manifold means for helping to separate and oxidize hydrogen and carbon atoms in the exhaust gas, said hydrocarbon separator comprising a body member with flared fingers disposed in the exhaust manifold means for causing turblance and enhancing separation of the hydrogen and carbon.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Exhaust-Gas Circulating Devices (AREA)
  • Output Control And Ontrol Of Special Type Engine (AREA)
  • Exhaust Silencers (AREA)
US302938A 1972-11-01 1972-11-01 Pollution control device Expired - Lifetime US3866586A (en)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US302938A US3866586A (en) 1972-11-01 1972-11-01 Pollution control device
GB2073873A GB1418953A (en) 1972-11-01 1973-05-02 Internal combustion engines exhaust gas recirculation device
JP48055438A JPS4977030A (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html) 1972-11-01 1973-05-18

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US302938A US3866586A (en) 1972-11-01 1972-11-01 Pollution control device

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JP (1) JPS4977030A (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html)
GB (1) GB1418953A (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html)

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3913322A (en) * 1973-08-29 1975-10-21 Kinematics Limited Internal combustion engines
US4290403A (en) * 1978-11-28 1981-09-22 Ziniades Emmanuel J Method and apparatus for providing optimum fuel-to-air ratio for internal combustion engine
US4546752A (en) * 1983-11-10 1985-10-15 Blaser Richard Florencio Premixed charge conditioner for internal combustion engine
US5957116A (en) * 1997-08-28 1999-09-28 Cummins Engine Company, Inc. Integrated and separable EGR distribution manifold
US6408833B1 (en) * 2000-12-07 2002-06-25 Caterpillar Inc. Venturi bypass exhaust gas recirculation system
US6485294B2 (en) * 2000-12-20 2002-11-26 Lennox Manufacturing Inc. NOx reduction device
US20050205070A1 (en) * 2004-03-18 2005-09-22 Shouhao Wu Flow deflector for a pipe
US20120325345A1 (en) * 2011-06-27 2012-12-27 Horn Mark D Distributed exhaust system
US8881712B2 (en) 2008-06-12 2014-11-11 Perkins Engines Company Limited Exhaust gas mixing system

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1992266A (en) * 1927-11-14 1935-02-26 Motor Power Inc Internal combustion engine
US2722927A (en) * 1952-10-29 1955-11-08 George W Cornelius Apparatus for controlling internal combustion engine fuel mixtures
US2757654A (en) * 1955-01-20 1956-08-07 Milton L White Fuel economizer
US3166060A (en) * 1962-05-08 1965-01-19 James P Malone Anti-smog means
US3241536A (en) * 1964-11-27 1966-03-22 James P Malone Anti-smog means
US3262437A (en) * 1964-12-16 1966-07-26 Harry A Bradshaw Air pollution inhibiting means in the form of a fuel recirculating apparatus for an internal combustion engine
US3304711A (en) * 1965-09-21 1967-02-21 Ernest A Eastman Exhaust converter
US3580232A (en) * 1970-06-18 1971-05-25 Chrysler Corp Engine exhaust recirculation

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1992266A (en) * 1927-11-14 1935-02-26 Motor Power Inc Internal combustion engine
US2722927A (en) * 1952-10-29 1955-11-08 George W Cornelius Apparatus for controlling internal combustion engine fuel mixtures
US2757654A (en) * 1955-01-20 1956-08-07 Milton L White Fuel economizer
US3166060A (en) * 1962-05-08 1965-01-19 James P Malone Anti-smog means
US3241536A (en) * 1964-11-27 1966-03-22 James P Malone Anti-smog means
US3262437A (en) * 1964-12-16 1966-07-26 Harry A Bradshaw Air pollution inhibiting means in the form of a fuel recirculating apparatus for an internal combustion engine
US3304711A (en) * 1965-09-21 1967-02-21 Ernest A Eastman Exhaust converter
US3580232A (en) * 1970-06-18 1971-05-25 Chrysler Corp Engine exhaust recirculation

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3913322A (en) * 1973-08-29 1975-10-21 Kinematics Limited Internal combustion engines
US4290403A (en) * 1978-11-28 1981-09-22 Ziniades Emmanuel J Method and apparatus for providing optimum fuel-to-air ratio for internal combustion engine
US4546752A (en) * 1983-11-10 1985-10-15 Blaser Richard Florencio Premixed charge conditioner for internal combustion engine
US5957116A (en) * 1997-08-28 1999-09-28 Cummins Engine Company, Inc. Integrated and separable EGR distribution manifold
US6408833B1 (en) * 2000-12-07 2002-06-25 Caterpillar Inc. Venturi bypass exhaust gas recirculation system
US6485294B2 (en) * 2000-12-20 2002-11-26 Lennox Manufacturing Inc. NOx reduction device
US20050205070A1 (en) * 2004-03-18 2005-09-22 Shouhao Wu Flow deflector for a pipe
US6959700B2 (en) * 2004-03-18 2005-11-01 International Engine Intellectual Property Company, Llc Flow deflector for a pipe
US8881712B2 (en) 2008-06-12 2014-11-11 Perkins Engines Company Limited Exhaust gas mixing system
US20120325345A1 (en) * 2011-06-27 2012-12-27 Horn Mark D Distributed exhaust system
US9637232B2 (en) * 2011-06-27 2017-05-02 United Technologies Corporation Distributed exhaust system

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Publication number Publication date
GB1418953A (en) 1975-12-24
JPS4977030A (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html) 1974-07-25

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