US3865202A - Water jet drill bit - Google Patents

Water jet drill bit Download PDF

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Publication number
US3865202A
US3865202A US368999A US36899973A US3865202A US 3865202 A US3865202 A US 3865202A US 368999 A US368999 A US 368999A US 36899973 A US36899973 A US 36899973A US 3865202 A US3865202 A US 3865202A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
rock
cutter
groove
cutters
head
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US368999A
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English (en)
Inventor
Hikoji Takahashi
Seisuke Misawa
Akinori Takahashi
Hisashi Yoshimura
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Japan National Railways
Nippon Kokuyu Tetsudo
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Japan National Railways
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Publication date
Application filed by Japan National Railways filed Critical Japan National Railways
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3865202A publication Critical patent/US3865202A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
    • E21D9/10—Making by using boring or cutting machines
    • E21D9/11—Making by using boring or cutting machines with a rotary drilling-head cutting simultaneously the whole cross-section, i.e. full-face machines
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21C—MINING OR QUARRYING
    • E21C25/00—Cutting machines, i.e. for making slits approximately parallel or perpendicular to the seam
    • E21C25/60—Slitting by jets of water or other liquid

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT A rock is excavated by the steps of forming at least one groove in the rock by a water jet, forcing a first single-bevel cutter into the rock while the cutter is moved along a line parallel to and spaced apart from the groove so that cracks formed by the cutter and reaching the groove are thereby formed mostly by tensile failure of the rock, further forcing the first cutter through the rock until a succeeding second singlebevel cutter moving along a path further from the groove than the first cutter is forced against the rock so that cracks starting from the second cutter and reaching the groove are thereby formed, and continuing this procedure similarly until all of several sequentially staggered and succeeding cutters act on the rock.
  • the apparatus has an excavation headon which nozzles and cutters are so arranged that the above described method can be put into practice thereby.
  • FIG. 5A PATENTEDFEBI 1 I915 3.865202 SHEET 3 BF 4 FIG. 5A
  • the number of the grooves must be increased to such an extent that each cutter can be operated between two adjacent grooves so that the rock is crackedunder shearing stress along lines starting from the cutter position to the grooves.
  • the required number of grooves must be great in the case where the above described relative disposition between the cutters and the grooves is to be maintained, and therefore the power required for supplying superhigh-pressure water jets for forming a great number of grooves is extremely high when the area to be excavated is considerably large. This is not only a waste of power but also produces a difficulty in finding a space for the super-high-pressure generating apparatus within the narrow tunnel excavation area or the like.
  • a primary object of the present invention is in one aspect thereof to provide an improved excavation method utilizing grooves formed in rock by water jet whereby all of the above described drawbacks of the conventional methods are substantially overcome.
  • an object of the present invention is to provide an improved excavation method utilizing grooves formed in rock by water jet, wherein the number of grooves can be substantially decreased.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide an improved excavation method utilizing grooves formed in rock by water jet and using a cutter head, wherein the force required for advancing the cutter head is substantially reduced. 4
  • Still another object of the invention is to provide an improved excavation method utilizing grooves formed in rock by water jet, wherein the rock is broken mostly by tension stress.
  • Still another object of the invention is to provide an excavation apparatus for practicing the improved method according to the present invention with all of the above described features preserved.
  • the excavation method comprises the steps of forming at least onegroove in a rock or rocky mass by means of a super-high-pressure water jet, forcing a first cutter into the rock at a point on at least one side of and spaced apart from the groove while causing the cutter to travel along a line substantially parallel to the groove thereby to create in the rock cracks running from said line to said groove principally by tensile stresses to remove part of the rock, advancing a second cutter after said first cutter to force it into the rock while causing the second cutter to travel along a line substantially parallel to the groove and more remote from the groove than the first mentioned line thereby to create in the rock cracks running from the second mentioned line to the region of the first mentioned cracks to re move another part of rock, and advancing successively a third and following cutters in similar manner and disposition to remove further rock parts from the at least one side of the groove.
  • an improved excavation apparatus whereby the above described excavation method can be put into practice, the apparatus comprising an excavating head adapted to rotate about an axis and having a forward face having at least one annular groove formed coaxially therein means for rotating the head, means for advancing the head with the forward face thereof confronting the rocky ground to be excavated, nozzles for ejecting super-high-pressure water jets provided on the inner and outer peripheries of said groove, and a plurality of cutters disposed in said groove at radially different positions with an arrangement such that they are stepwisely retracted toward the central part of the width of the groove relative to the forward face of the head with respect to the advancing direction of the head.
  • FIGS. 1A, 1B, and 1C are fragmentary sectional views indicating the principle of breaking rock in a conventional excavation method wherein grooves formed by a super-high-pressure water jet are utilized;
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic end view showing the forward face of an excavation head in an excavator constituting one part of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a sectional view-taken along the line III-III in FIG. 2;
  • FIG. 4 is an enlarged view showing a part of FIG. 3;
  • FIG. A is a sectional diagram showing a beginning stage of excavating rock
  • FIG. 5B is a diagram similar to FIG. 5A, but showing a slightly advanced stage of the excavation
  • FIG. 5C is a diagram similar to FIG. 5B, but showing a further advanced stage of the excavation
  • FIG. 5D is a diagram similar to FIG. 5C, but showing a still further advanced stage of the excavation
  • FIG. SE is a diagram similar to FIG. 5D. but showing a finally obtained excavated condition in which the excavation is continued;
  • FIG. SP is a diagram showing relative positions of the rock and the cutters during the excavating operation.
  • FIGS. 6 through 8 are sectional diagrams showing the principle of excavating rock in accordance with the present invention.
  • FIG. 1A there is indicated a state prior to the start of excavation.
  • components of the thrust act in the directions of arrows from the cutter C to the rock R, whereby the rock R is broken along lines 2 running from below the cutter C to the grooves G by tensile stressses.
  • FIG. 1C When the cutter C is further driven into the rock R, as shown in FIG. 1C, the rock R is broken along lines 3 running from the cutter C to the edges ofthe groove G.
  • the excavation head is generally designated by H and comprises a main body 4 of a disc-like configuration.
  • the main body 4 is rotated around its axis X-X by a driving device (not shown).
  • the forward surface 5 of the main body 4 there are formed two concentric annular grooves 6 and 7 ofa triangular cross section, and at least one nozzle N for supplying a super-high-pressure water jet is provided on each of the outer peripheral rim of the forward surface 5, an intermediate crest between the grooves 6 and 7, and a central land encircled by the inner groove 6.
  • Super-high-pressure water may be supplied through passages (not shown) in the main body 4 to these nozzles N.
  • these nozzles N are shown in FIG. 3 at positions which correspond to intersections of the loci of the movement of the nozzles and a diametrical plane in which the axis X-X lies for purpose of explanation.
  • Rock Cutters A], A2, A3, A4, A5, and B1, B1, B3, B4, B5 are rigidly secured to the two side walls of the outer groove 7 and are formed with a single bevel cutting edge instead of a double bevel cutting edge of the cutters shown in FIG. 1. Furthermore, the cutters are arranged on the side walls in such a manner that the tips thereof are successively retracted from the forward 5 plane 5 of the main body 4. More specifically, the heights of the tips of the cutters A,, A A A,, and A, measured from the bottom of the groove 7 are selected to be 1,, 1 I 1,, and 1,, as shown in FIG. 4, which are successively decreased in this order.
  • cutters C, C C C and D,, D D D are provided in a manner similar to that described above with respect to the cutters A, through A, and B, through 8,. As shown, all the cutters may be inclined away from the nearest cutters. In this case, a self-sharpening property is afforded to the cutter, i.e., the tips of the cutters are automatically sharpened or shaped while they are cutting the rock.
  • FIG. 3 all of the cutters are shown in a single sectional plane passing through the rotating axis of the ex- 'cavation hard H for the purpose of clarity. However, these cutters are actually distributed along four radii perpendicular to each other as best illustrated in FIG. 2. Furthermore, as is also apparent in FIG. 2, all of the cutters are arranged in such a manner that the cutters in the same groove have different loci, e.g., the locus for the cutter A, is outside of the locus for the cutter B2.
  • a cone cutter 8 is provided at the center of the forward surface 5 of the main body 4, and the cone cutter 8 acts as a leading cutter which is firstly driven into the face of the rock when the excavation head H is forced in directions of arrow marks T indicated in FIG. 3.
  • the excavating apparatus is placed at a suitable place near the working face of the tunnel, and the excavation head H is rotated in the arrow-marked direction P in FIGS. 2 and 3, with the forward face thereof confronting the rocky face.
  • super-highpressure water is ejected from the nozzles N toward the rocky face of the tunnel so that, for instance, three annular grooves of several-centimeters depth are formed in the rock. Because of the presence of the annular grooves, the free surface area of the rock R is increased.
  • FIGS. 6, 7, and 8 there are illustrated different stages of the rock breaking process with respect to the cutters A A.,, and C,, C;,.
  • the groove G is formed in the rock R by means of a water jet ejected from the nozzle N, and the cutter C, is started to be driven into the rock R, cracks 10 starting from the cutter position and reaching the groove G are thereby created under tensile stress as shown in FIG. 6, and a part R, of the rock R is thereby removed.
  • the cutter C is further driven into the rock R creating cracks 12 also reaching the groove G in the rock.
  • cutters A and C are driven into the rock R successively, whereby cracks 11 are created on the side of the groove G opposite to the cutter C l and cracks 13 are created outside (relative to the groove G) of the cracks 10.
  • the nozzle N is also advanced cutting the groove G far deeper, and when the excavation head is advanced as shown in FIG. 8, the cutters C A and C create further cracks l5, l6, and 17, respectively, while still another cutter A following the cutter C starts to be driven into the rock R, and cracks 14 are thereby formed.
  • An'appara'tus for excavating a rock comprising an excavating head adapted to rotate about an axis and having a forward face having at least one annular groove formed therein and having a center on said axis, means for rotating the head, means for advancing the head with the forward face thereof confronting the rock, nozzles for ejecting super-high-pressure water jets provided on the inner and outer peripheries of saidgroove, and a plurality of cutters disposed in said groove at radially different positions with an arrange ment such that they are stepwisely retracted relative to the forward face of the head with respect to the advancing direction of the head toward the central part of the width of the groove.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Earth Drilling (AREA)
  • Excavating Of Shafts Or Tunnels (AREA)
  • Drilling And Exploitation, And Mining Machines And Methods (AREA)
US368999A 1972-06-15 1973-06-11 Water jet drill bit Expired - Lifetime US3865202A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP47059048A JPS5021765B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1972-06-15 1972-06-15

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US3865202A true US3865202A (en) 1975-02-11

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US368999A Expired - Lifetime US3865202A (en) 1972-06-15 1973-06-11 Water jet drill bit

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US (1) US3865202A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
JP (1) JPS5021765B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE2329487B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (28)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4106577A (en) * 1977-06-20 1978-08-15 The Curators Of The University Of Missouri Hydromechanical drilling device
US4135318A (en) * 1976-03-19 1979-01-23 Hollandsche Aanneming Maatschappij B.V. Tooth positioning arrangement for an underwater soil cutting head
US4174759A (en) * 1977-09-19 1979-11-20 Arbuckle Donald P Rotary drill bit and method of forming bore hole
US4254995A (en) * 1978-03-25 1981-03-10 Bochumer Eisenhutte Heintzmann Gmbh & Co. Process of and an arrangement for mining
US4569558A (en) * 1983-07-25 1986-02-11 The Regents Of The University Of California Drag bit construction
US5860849A (en) * 1997-03-25 1999-01-19 Huffman Corp Liquid abrasive jet focusing tube for making non-perpendicular cuts
US5879057A (en) * 1996-11-12 1999-03-09 Amvest Corporation Horizontal remote mining system, and method
US6386300B1 (en) 2000-09-19 2002-05-14 Curlett Family Limited Partnership Formation cutting method and system
US20050183891A1 (en) * 2004-02-04 2005-08-25 Chrisman David S. Tool and method for drilling, reaming, and cutting
US20060011386A1 (en) * 2003-04-16 2006-01-19 Particle Drilling Technologies, Inc. Impact excavation system and method with improved nozzle
US20060016624A1 (en) * 2003-04-16 2006-01-26 Particle Drilling Technologies, Inc. Impact excavation system and method with suspension flow control
US20060016622A1 (en) * 2003-04-16 2006-01-26 Particle Drilling, Inc. Impact excavation system and method
US20060021798A1 (en) * 2003-04-16 2006-02-02 Particle Drilling Technologies, Inc. Impact excavation system and method with particle separation
US20060180350A1 (en) * 2003-04-16 2006-08-17 Particle Drilling Technologies, Inc. Impact excavation system and method with particle trap
US20060191718A1 (en) * 2003-04-16 2006-08-31 Particle Drilling Technologies, Inc. Impact excavation system and method with injection system
US20060191717A1 (en) * 2003-04-16 2006-08-31 Particle Drilling Technologies, Inc. Impact excavation system and method with two-stage inductor
US20080017417A1 (en) * 2003-04-16 2008-01-24 Particle Drilling Technologies, Inc. Impact excavation system and method with suspension flow control
US20080156545A1 (en) * 2003-05-27 2008-07-03 Particle Drilling Technolgies, Inc Method, System, and Apparatus of Cutting Earthen Formations and the like
US20090038856A1 (en) * 2007-07-03 2009-02-12 Particle Drilling Technologies, Inc. Injection System And Method
US20090090557A1 (en) * 2007-10-09 2009-04-09 Particle Drilling Technologies, Inc. Injection System And Method
US20090126994A1 (en) * 2007-11-15 2009-05-21 Tibbitts Gordon A Method And System For Controlling Force In A Down-Hole Drilling Operation
US20090200080A1 (en) * 2003-04-16 2009-08-13 Tibbitts Gordon A Impact excavation system and method with particle separation
US20090200084A1 (en) * 2004-07-22 2009-08-13 Particle Drilling Technologies, Inc. Injection System and Method
US20090205871A1 (en) * 2003-04-16 2009-08-20 Gordon Tibbitts Shot Blocking Using Drilling Mud
US20100155063A1 (en) * 2008-12-23 2010-06-24 Pdti Holdings, Llc Particle Drilling System Having Equivalent Circulating Density
US20100294567A1 (en) * 2009-04-08 2010-11-25 Pdti Holdings, Llc Impactor Excavation System Having A Drill Bit Discharging In A Cross-Over Pattern
US8037950B2 (en) 2008-02-01 2011-10-18 Pdti Holdings, Llc Methods of using a particle impact drilling system for removing near-borehole damage, milling objects in a wellbore, under reaming, coring, perforating, assisting annular flow, and associated methods
CN104562970A (zh) * 2014-12-25 2015-04-29 贵阳高新泰丰航空航天科技有限公司 一种排污型快速拼装平台

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2662738A (en) * 1950-03-23 1953-12-15 Longyear E J Co Core bit
US3537538A (en) * 1969-05-21 1970-11-03 Christensen Diamond Prod Co Impregnated diamond bit

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2662738A (en) * 1950-03-23 1953-12-15 Longyear E J Co Core bit
US3537538A (en) * 1969-05-21 1970-11-03 Christensen Diamond Prod Co Impregnated diamond bit

Cited By (52)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4135318A (en) * 1976-03-19 1979-01-23 Hollandsche Aanneming Maatschappij B.V. Tooth positioning arrangement for an underwater soil cutting head
US4106577A (en) * 1977-06-20 1978-08-15 The Curators Of The University Of Missouri Hydromechanical drilling device
US4174759A (en) * 1977-09-19 1979-11-20 Arbuckle Donald P Rotary drill bit and method of forming bore hole
US4254995A (en) * 1978-03-25 1981-03-10 Bochumer Eisenhutte Heintzmann Gmbh & Co. Process of and an arrangement for mining
US4569558A (en) * 1983-07-25 1986-02-11 The Regents Of The University Of California Drag bit construction
US5879057A (en) * 1996-11-12 1999-03-09 Amvest Corporation Horizontal remote mining system, and method
US5860849A (en) * 1997-03-25 1999-01-19 Huffman Corp Liquid abrasive jet focusing tube for making non-perpendicular cuts
US6386300B1 (en) 2000-09-19 2002-05-14 Curlett Family Limited Partnership Formation cutting method and system
US6581700B2 (en) 2000-09-19 2003-06-24 Curlett Family Ltd Partnership Formation cutting method and system
US20080230275A1 (en) * 2003-04-16 2008-09-25 Particle Drilling Technologies, Inc. Impact Excavation System And Method With Injection System
US7383896B2 (en) 2003-04-16 2008-06-10 Particle Drilling Technologies, Inc. Impact excavation system and method with particle separation
US20060016624A1 (en) * 2003-04-16 2006-01-26 Particle Drilling Technologies, Inc. Impact excavation system and method with suspension flow control
US20060016622A1 (en) * 2003-04-16 2006-01-26 Particle Drilling, Inc. Impact excavation system and method
US20060021798A1 (en) * 2003-04-16 2006-02-02 Particle Drilling Technologies, Inc. Impact excavation system and method with particle separation
US20060027398A1 (en) * 2003-04-16 2006-02-09 Particle Drilling, Inc. Drill bit
US20060180350A1 (en) * 2003-04-16 2006-08-17 Particle Drilling Technologies, Inc. Impact excavation system and method with particle trap
US20060191718A1 (en) * 2003-04-16 2006-08-31 Particle Drilling Technologies, Inc. Impact excavation system and method with injection system
US20060191717A1 (en) * 2003-04-16 2006-08-31 Particle Drilling Technologies, Inc. Impact excavation system and method with two-stage inductor
US7909116B2 (en) 2003-04-16 2011-03-22 Pdti Holdings, Llc Impact excavation system and method with improved nozzle
US7258176B2 (en) 2003-04-16 2007-08-21 Particle Drilling, Inc. Drill bit
US20080017417A1 (en) * 2003-04-16 2008-01-24 Particle Drilling Technologies, Inc. Impact excavation system and method with suspension flow control
US7343987B2 (en) 2003-04-16 2008-03-18 Particle Drilling Technologies, Inc. Impact excavation system and method with suspension flow control
US8342265B2 (en) 2003-04-16 2013-01-01 Pdti Holdings, Llc Shot blocking using drilling mud
US20090205871A1 (en) * 2003-04-16 2009-08-20 Gordon Tibbitts Shot Blocking Using Drilling Mud
US7398839B2 (en) 2003-04-16 2008-07-15 Particle Drilling Technologies, Inc. Impact excavation system and method with particle trap
US7398838B2 (en) 2003-04-16 2008-07-15 Particle Drilling Technologies, Inc. Impact excavation system and method with two-stage inductor
US8162079B2 (en) 2003-04-16 2012-04-24 Pdti Holdings, Llc Impact excavation system and method with injection system
US7798249B2 (en) 2003-04-16 2010-09-21 Pdti Holdings, Llc Impact excavation system and method with suspension flow control
US7503407B2 (en) 2003-04-16 2009-03-17 Particle Drilling Technologies, Inc. Impact excavation system and method
US7793741B2 (en) 2003-04-16 2010-09-14 Pdti Holdings, Llc Impact excavation system and method with injection system
US20060011386A1 (en) * 2003-04-16 2006-01-19 Particle Drilling Technologies, Inc. Impact excavation system and method with improved nozzle
US20090200080A1 (en) * 2003-04-16 2009-08-13 Tibbitts Gordon A Impact excavation system and method with particle separation
US7757786B2 (en) 2003-04-16 2010-07-20 Pdti Holdings, Llc Impact excavation system and method with injection system
US20080156545A1 (en) * 2003-05-27 2008-07-03 Particle Drilling Technolgies, Inc Method, System, and Apparatus of Cutting Earthen Formations and the like
US7114583B2 (en) 2004-02-04 2006-10-03 David Scott Chrisman Tool and method for drilling, reaming, and cutting
US20050183891A1 (en) * 2004-02-04 2005-08-25 Chrisman David S. Tool and method for drilling, reaming, and cutting
US20090200084A1 (en) * 2004-07-22 2009-08-13 Particle Drilling Technologies, Inc. Injection System and Method
US7997355B2 (en) 2004-07-22 2011-08-16 Pdti Holdings, Llc Apparatus for injecting impactors into a fluid stream using a screw extruder
US8113300B2 (en) 2004-07-22 2012-02-14 Pdti Holdings, Llc Impact excavation system and method using a drill bit with junk slots
US20090038856A1 (en) * 2007-07-03 2009-02-12 Particle Drilling Technologies, Inc. Injection System And Method
US20090090557A1 (en) * 2007-10-09 2009-04-09 Particle Drilling Technologies, Inc. Injection System And Method
US7987928B2 (en) 2007-10-09 2011-08-02 Pdti Holdings, Llc Injection system and method comprising an impactor motive device
US20090126994A1 (en) * 2007-11-15 2009-05-21 Tibbitts Gordon A Method And System For Controlling Force In A Down-Hole Drilling Operation
US7980326B2 (en) 2007-11-15 2011-07-19 Pdti Holdings, Llc Method and system for controlling force in a down-hole drilling operation
US8037950B2 (en) 2008-02-01 2011-10-18 Pdti Holdings, Llc Methods of using a particle impact drilling system for removing near-borehole damage, milling objects in a wellbore, under reaming, coring, perforating, assisting annular flow, and associated methods
US8186456B2 (en) 2008-02-01 2012-05-29 Pdti Holdings, Llc Methods of using a particle impact drilling system for removing near-borehole damage, milling objects in a wellbore, under reaming, coring, perforating, assisting annular flow, and associated methods
US8353367B2 (en) 2008-02-01 2013-01-15 Gordon Tibbitts Methods of using a particle impact drilling system for removing near-borehole damage, milling objects in a wellbore, under reaming, coring perforating, assisting annular flow, and associated methods
US8353366B2 (en) 2008-02-01 2013-01-15 Gordon Tibbitts Methods of using a particle impact drilling system for removing near-borehole damage, milling objects in a wellbore, under reaming, coring, perforating, assisting annular flow, and associated methods
US20100155063A1 (en) * 2008-12-23 2010-06-24 Pdti Holdings, Llc Particle Drilling System Having Equivalent Circulating Density
US20100294567A1 (en) * 2009-04-08 2010-11-25 Pdti Holdings, Llc Impactor Excavation System Having A Drill Bit Discharging In A Cross-Over Pattern
US8485279B2 (en) 2009-04-08 2013-07-16 Pdti Holdings, Llc Impactor excavation system having a drill bit discharging in a cross-over pattern
CN104562970A (zh) * 2014-12-25 2015-04-29 贵阳高新泰丰航空航天科技有限公司 一种排污型快速拼装平台

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS4919635A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1974-02-21
JPS5021765B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1975-07-25
DE2329487B2 (de) 1977-06-16
DE2329487A1 (de) 1974-01-03

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