US3863771A - Gantry cranes - Google Patents

Gantry cranes Download PDF

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Publication number
US3863771A
US3863771A US422323A US42232373A US3863771A US 3863771 A US3863771 A US 3863771A US 422323 A US422323 A US 422323A US 42232373 A US42232373 A US 42232373A US 3863771 A US3863771 A US 3863771A
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United States
Prior art keywords
sub
hangers
crane
girder
platform
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Expired - Lifetime
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US422323A
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English (en)
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Charles Herbert Dobbie
John David Winders
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
    • E04H1/00—Buildings or groups of buildings for dwelling or office purposes; General layout, e.g. modular co-ordination or staggered storeys
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66C—CRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
    • B66C19/00—Cranes comprising trolleys or crabs running on fixed or movable bridges or gantries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49826—Assembling or joining
    • Y10T29/49828—Progressively advancing of work assembly station or assembled portion of work
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49826—Assembling or joining
    • Y10T29/49828—Progressively advancing of work assembly station or assembled portion of work
    • Y10T29/49831—Advancing station

Definitions

  • a movable gantry crane for erecting a wide span structure comprising several bridge-like sub-structures arranged side by side in spaced relationship, which crane comprises: a horizontal girder long enough to span the structure and supported at each side of the structure by movable support columns; a platform suspended from the girder from hangers so as to lie beneath a sub-structure to be erected and enable work to be carried on without interference with the area spanned by the structure; there being at least one set of hangers in front of this sub-structure, and at least one other set of hangers behind it and which can be displaced to permit the crane and the platform to be moved forward when the sub-structure has attained a stable condition; and a lifting device movable along the girder between the sets of hangers.
  • SHEET 3 BF 5 PATENTEUFEB 4% Y 3,863,771 SHEET 5 OF 5 8 mm R 7 mm 8 mm mm I. wlL
  • This invention relates to gantry cranes useful in the erection of structures which comprise several bridgelike sub-structures arranged side by side in spaced relationship.
  • Such a structure may be required, for example, for covering a railway goods yard.
  • the bridge-like sub-structures span the full width of the goods yard without intermediate supports and are disposed side by side along the length of the goods yard at a spacing appropriate for carrying load-supporting flooring or the like between them.
  • Buildings or the like may be erected on the structure to afford an additional use for the goods yard site.
  • Another example of such a structure is a bridge over a river or motorway.
  • the erection of the bridge-like sub-structures requires the emplacement of massive structural elements such as blocks orbeams of pre-stressed concrete.
  • massive structural elements such as blocks orbeams of pre-stressed concrete.
  • This can be accomplished by means of a giant gantry crane which spans the structure, the supporting columns being disposed beyond the ends of the bridge-like substructures and these columns being themselves movable on rails or prepared tracks so that the whole crane can be moved forwards as the bridge-like substructures are progressively completed to a condition in which they are self-supporting and laterally stable.
  • a movable gantry crane useful in the erection of such a structure comprises a girder long enough to span the structure, supported by movable supporting columns, at least two sets of hangers which suspend a platform from the girder in a position to lie beneath a bridge-like substructure to be erected with the aid of the crane, at least one set being disposed to occupy a position in front of the said sub-structure and at least one other set being disposed to occupy a position to the rear of the said sub-structure, a lifting device movable along the girder between sets of hangers disposed to occupy positions respectively in front of and to the rear of the said substructure, and the hangers of the said other set or sets being removable or displaceable to permit the crane including the platform to be moved forwards when this sub-structure has been made self-supporting and laterally stable.
  • the provision of the platform beneath the substructure which is being erected with the aid of the crane enables the erection work to be carried on without risk of articles or material employed in the erection falling to the ground if accidentally dropped.
  • the movement of persons or vehicles at ground level can continue safely and without interruption throughout the construction of the whole structure, which may extend over a long period of time.
  • the platform enables the construction work to be carried on without the erection of temporary scaffolding from ground level.
  • the presence of platform-supporting hangers behind the sub-structure being erected would prevent the crane from being moved forward, unless these hangers are removable or displaceable.
  • the crane can be moved forward together with the platform when a sub-structure has reached a selfsupporting and laterally stable condition, so that the erection of the next sub-structure can be commenced.
  • the hangers positioned in front of the sub-structure being erected need not be removable or displaceable because these hangers do not interfere with the forward movement of the crane.
  • temporary supports for the rear portion of the platform must be provided when the removable or displaceable hangers are removed or displaced.
  • These temporary supports could be a further set of removable or displaceable hangers disposed further to the rear and which would remain in position until the crane had been moved forward and the removed or displaced set had been repositioned in front of the newly erected sub-structure. This further set would then be removed or displaced to permit further forward movement of the crane.
  • the platform is long enough to encompass three sub-strctures.
  • the crane may have a forward working bay served by the first-mentioned lifting device for the erection of the foremost substructure and a rear working bay served by the said other lifting device for operations between the two previously erected sub-structures.
  • the forward sub-structure is being erected in the forward bay, further work may be carried out between the next two previously erected sub-structures in the rear bay.
  • the sequence of erection may be as follows: 1. The crane is moved forwards to a new position. 2. Construction units for the new sub-structure are brought to the site and hoisted into position, aligned and then jointed,
  • the said previously erected sub-structure being in a self-supporting and laterally stable condition, can serve as a temporary support for the platform.
  • the platform may be suspended from this sub-structure on roller supports, to enable the platform to move forward freely relative to these supports.
  • the platform extends still further to the rear, at least as far as the next previously erected sub-structure, from which it can be supported in a like manner. This enables the construction of the permanent load-supporting flooring between the two completed sub-structures to be carried on safely and easily.
  • One or both ends of the girder of the gantry may project beyond the respective supporting column or columns so that the movable lifting device or devices supported by the girder can pick up loads from a position beyond the column or columns and carry these loads along the girder to the point of use.
  • FIG. 1 is an overhead perspective view of a structure for the erection of which a gantry crane embodying the invention is used;
  • FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a gantry crane embodying the invention being used in the erection of parts of the structure shown in FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3 is a front elevation of the crane and parts of the structure being erected
  • FIG. 4 is a side elevation of the crane and part of the structure, looking from the left in FIG. 3;
  • FIG. 5 is a side elevation of portions of the crane and of the structure, partly in section.
  • FIG. 1 there is shown a structure which comprises several broad span bridge-like substructures lla 11k arranged side by side in spaced relationship.
  • the structure 10 covers an area 12, such as a railway goods yard or a multi-lane highway. Extending between the sub-structures 11a 11k is loadsupporting flooring 13, and on this there are buildings 14.
  • the whole structure 10 is erected in a manner described below which enables the area .12 to remain in use throughout the whole period of construction, without risk of articles or materials employed in the construction falling to the ground if accidentally dropped, and without obstruction by the erection of temporary scaffolding from ground level.
  • a giant gantry crane (FIGS. 2 to 5) is employed. This comprises two supporting columns 21 and 22 and a girder 23. Each of the supporting columns comprises a pair of towers 24, 25 and 26, 27, respectively, spacing girders 28 and 29 between the bottoms of each pair of towers, and cross beams 30 and 3l at the tops of each pair of towers.
  • Each tower is mounted on a wheeled or tracked bogie 32 which is movable on rails or prepared trackways 33 beside the area 12.
  • the towers are connected by pin joints 34 to the bogies 32, to facilitate erection of the crane and adjustment of the vertical positioning of the supporting columns.
  • the cross beams 30 and 31 are connected to the.
  • the towers 24-27 are built up from braced sections which are bolted together end to end on the site, in the manner of conventional tower cranes.
  • the girder 23 is also built up from braced sections bolted together, but as can best be seen in FIGS. 2, 4 and 5 there are front sections 36 and rear sections 37, the forward sections 36 being narrower than the rear sections 37.
  • the front sections 36 are provided with tracks or rails 38 supporting a crab 39 with lifting gear 40.
  • the crab 39 is movable along these rails for the whole length of the girder 23.
  • a monorail 41 is provided at the rear of the sections 37, which supports movable lifting equipment 42.
  • the ends of the girder 23 project outwards beyond the support ing columns 21 and 22 so that when the crab 39 or the lifting equipment 42 is moved to either end of the girder its hook or other load-supporting device can be lowered to pick up structural elements or constructional materials from beside the rails or trackways 33 on which the crane is supported, and lift and carry these elements or materials to the point of use between the supporting columns.
  • the crane has a forward working bay 70 served by the crab 39 and a rear working bay served by the lifting equipment 42.
  • the crane can be erected by assembling the towers on the bogies on the site, these being held vertical by temporary struts 45 equipped with adjusting devices 46 (FIG. 2).
  • the girder 23 can be erected in two halves in a vertical position, one half on each side of the area l2,
  • the cross beams 30 and 31 are attached to the girder halves, in a position turned through from that in which they are shown in the drawings, and joined to the tops of the respective towers by only one set of the pin joints 35.
  • the halves of the girder are then swung up to a horizontal position, with the cross beams pivoting on the towers about the already fitted pin joints 35.
  • the struts 45 are adjusted to hold the towers somewhat outwardly from the vertical until the two inner ends of the girder halves are properly aligned.
  • the adjusting devices 46 are then eased to allow the said two ends to meet so that they can be bolted together.
  • the remaining pin joints 35 are then fitted,
  • the permanent hangers 50 may be rigid tubes, for example.
  • a first set of displaceable hangers 51 Attached to another lower beam 53 of the girder 23, near the rear crab rail 38, is a first set of displaceable hangers 51, while attached to a lower beam 54 of the girder 23 intermediate between the beam 53 and the monorail 41 is a second set of displaceable hangers 52.
  • a platform 55 Suspended from the hangers 50, 51 and 52 is a platform 55.
  • This platform is shaped and disposed so as to lie just beneath the bridge-like sub-structures 11 and to span the area 12 from side to side. As best seen in FIGS. 4 and 5, the platform is long enough to extend beneath three sub-structures, in the case illustrated in these FIGS. the sub-structures 11d, lle and 11f The forward end of the platform is somewhat ahead of the set of permanent hangers 50 which are attached to the platform by suitable fasteners 56.
  • the rear portion of the platform extends for some distance beyond the second set of temporary hangers 52, and to assist in supporting this portion of the platform the rear two 11d and lle of the three sub-structures overlying the platform are provided temporarily with rollers 57 and 58, respectively, which engage longitudinal members 59 of the platform (FIG. 5).
  • the temporary hangers 51 and 52 are attached to the platform by releasable fasteners 61 and 62, respectively, and these hangers also include jacks or tensioning devices 63 and 64, respectively.
  • the platform 55 is necessary so that work can be carried out between these sub-structures, e.g., for the construction of a section of load-supporting flooring between them, without risk of any articles or material falling into the area 12. This work is carried out with the aid of the lifting equipment 42 in the rear bay 71 of the crane.
  • the sub-structure 11f is erected in the front bay 70 of the crane with the aid of the crab 39 and its lifting gear 40.
  • the platform also underlies the front bay 70.
  • front bay 70 structural elements 72 for the sub-structure 11 f are hoisted into position by the crab 39 and its lifting gear 40, aligned and then jointed.
  • rear bay 71 units to form the floor 13a are placed between the sub-structures 11d and lle, whereupon the temporary stabilising beams 66 are removed. Wall units are also erected in this bay.
  • stressing cables are threaded and joints cured in the sub-structure 11f, and after curing the cables are stressed. The construction work may continue simultaneously in the rear bay.
  • the temporary stabilising beams 66 are placed between the substructure lle, now stabilised by permanent connection to the sub-structure lld on completion ofthe floor 13a, and the newly completed sub-structure 11f, and the construction work in the rear bay 71 is completed.
  • the crane now has to be moved forwards by a distance equal to the spacing of the sub-structures so that the next sub-structure 11g can be erected and flooring and other work can be carried on between the substructures lle and 11f. This forward movement of the crane is accomplished as follows.
  • the jacks 63 for the first set of displaceable hangers 51 are slacked off and the fasteners 61 at the lower ends of these hangers are released. These hangers can now be hitched up to clear the sub-structure llfas the crane is moved forward along the rails or trackways 33.
  • the hangers 51 have passed over the substructure llfi but before the second row of displaceable hangers 52 have reached the sub-structure llfthe fasteners 61 are re-connected and the jacks 63 tightened to tension the hangers 51.
  • the jacks 64 for the second set of displaceable hangers 52 are slacked off, the fasteners 62 are released and the hangers 52 are hitched up to clear the sub-structure llfas the crane is moved further forward to its new working position.
  • the rollers 58 which supported the rear portion of the platform 55 on the sub-structure 11d may be removed when the platform has moved away from these rollers, and they. are then fitted to the sub-structure 11).
  • the displaceable hangers 51 and 52 need not be cables, as so far described.
  • they may consist of upright lattice panels each having a foldable hinged portion which can be swung out of the way of the substructures as the crane is being moved forward, or each of the panels could have a separate removable portion which is bolted in place when the crane is in a working position.
  • the girder 23 may be given an upward camber in its unloaded condition, such that when it is under load it is straight and horizontal.
  • pin joints 68 may be near the tops of the towers of one of the supporting columns to prevent flexure of the girder 23 imposing bending forces on the columns see HO. 3).
  • a movable gantry crane useful in the erection of a structure comprising several bridge-like substructures arranged side by side in spaced relationship; which crane comprises a girder long enough to span the structure. supported by movable supporting columns, at least two sets of hangers which suspend a platform from the girder in a position to lie beneath a bridge-like sub-structure to be erected with the aid of the crane, at least one set being disposed to occupy a position in front of the said sub-structure and at least one other set being disposed to occupy a position to the rear of the said sub-structure, a lifting device movable along the girder between sets of hangers disposed to occupy positions respectively in front of and to the rear of the said sub-structure, and the hangers of the said other set or sets being removable or displaceable to permit the crane including the platform to be moved forwards when this sub-structure has been made self-supporting and laterally stable.
  • a gantry crane as claimed in claim 1 in which there is one set of hangers disposed to occupy a position in front of the said sub-structure and two sets of removable or displaceable hangers disposed to occupy positions to the rear of the said sub-structure at different distances therefrom sub-structure, said two sets being disposed at different distances rearwardly from said last-mentioned sub-structure.
  • a gantry crane as claimed in claim 1 in which there is another lifting device movable along said girder to the rear of said at least one other set of hangers.
  • a gantry crane as claimed in claim 1 in which said platform is long enough to encompass three of said substructures.
  • a gantry crane as claimed in claim 4 in which there is another lifting device movable along said girder to the rear of said at least one other set of hangers and said crane has a forward working bay served by said first-mentioned movable lifting device and a rear working bay served by said other movable lifting device.
  • a gantry crane as claimed in claim 4 in which said platform is adapted to co-operate with roller supports therefor mounted on at least one of said sub-structures which is in a self-supporting and laterally stable condition.
  • a gantry crane as claimed in claim 1 in which at least one end of said girder projects beyond the respective supporting column.
US422323A 1972-12-08 1973-12-06 Gantry cranes Expired - Lifetime US3863771A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB5687672A GB1446853A (en) 1972-12-08 1972-12-08 Gantry cranes

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US3863771A true US3863771A (en) 1975-02-04

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US422323A Expired - Lifetime US3863771A (en) 1972-12-08 1973-12-06 Gantry cranes

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US (1) US3863771A (de)
JP (1) JPS5024968A (de)
AU (1) AU6335373A (de)
BE (1) BE808403A (de)
CA (1) CA994287A (de)
CH (1) CH578481A5 (de)
DE (1) DE2361133A1 (de)
ES (1) ES421278A1 (de)
FR (1) FR2209708B1 (de)
GB (1) GB1446853A (de)
LU (1) LU68953A1 (de)
MT (1) MTP756B (de)
NL (1) NL7316828A (de)

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5004044A (en) * 1989-10-02 1991-04-02 Avco Corporation Compact rectilinear heat exhanger
US5195204A (en) * 1990-07-27 1993-03-23 J. Muller International Construction equipment and method for precast segmental bridges
US5495956A (en) * 1994-12-12 1996-03-05 Lockheed Corporation Crane assembly
US5788096A (en) * 1995-09-08 1998-08-04 Harnischfeger Corporation Material-handling machine with hinged leg
WO2008058077A3 (en) * 2006-11-03 2008-07-31 Univ Southern California Gantry robotics system and related material transport for contour crafting
US20110127691A1 (en) * 2009-11-30 2011-06-02 Inneo Torres S.L. Factory for the molding manufacture of precast concrete voussoirs for the construction of wind generator support towers
US20110247993A1 (en) * 2010-04-13 2011-10-13 Gorbel, Inc. Gantry crane having a truss supported runway
CN103883134A (zh) * 2014-03-17 2014-06-25 葛久鹏 一种建造在人行道上的空中楼阁

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5535835A (en) * 1978-09-06 1980-03-13 Arekusandorobuichi Chi Nikorai Method and device for drying dielectric granular substance
US5885481A (en) * 1993-07-16 1999-03-23 Amoco Corporation Efficiency oxygen-scavenging compositions and articles
US5744056A (en) * 1993-07-16 1998-04-28 Amoco Corporation Oxygen-scavenging compositions and articles
FR3140178A1 (fr) 2022-09-26 2024-03-29 Psa Automobiles Sa Dispositif d’affichage comprenant plusieurs plans

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2554768A (en) * 1948-07-09 1951-05-29 Wiggins John H Method of building dry seal, pistontype gas holders
US3699688A (en) * 1970-11-25 1972-10-24 Bethlehem Steel Corp Apparatus and method for removing and/or adding column sections to a column of a marine structure
US3784028A (en) * 1972-06-09 1974-01-08 Dresser Ind Gantry crane

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2554768A (en) * 1948-07-09 1951-05-29 Wiggins John H Method of building dry seal, pistontype gas holders
US3699688A (en) * 1970-11-25 1972-10-24 Bethlehem Steel Corp Apparatus and method for removing and/or adding column sections to a column of a marine structure
US3784028A (en) * 1972-06-09 1974-01-08 Dresser Ind Gantry crane

Cited By (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5004044A (en) * 1989-10-02 1991-04-02 Avco Corporation Compact rectilinear heat exhanger
US5195204A (en) * 1990-07-27 1993-03-23 J. Muller International Construction equipment and method for precast segmental bridges
CN1047999C (zh) * 1994-12-12 2000-01-05 洛克希德-马丁公司 起重机装置
WO1996018565A1 (en) * 1994-12-12 1996-06-20 Lockheed Corporation A crane assembly
AU685313B2 (en) * 1994-12-12 1998-01-15 Lockheed Martin Corporation A crane assembly
US5495956A (en) * 1994-12-12 1996-03-05 Lockheed Corporation Crane assembly
US5788096A (en) * 1995-09-08 1998-08-04 Harnischfeger Corporation Material-handling machine with hinged leg
WO2008058077A3 (en) * 2006-11-03 2008-07-31 Univ Southern California Gantry robotics system and related material transport for contour crafting
US20100025349A1 (en) * 2006-11-03 2010-02-04 University Of Southern California Gantry Robotics System and Related Material Transport for Contour Crafting
US8029710B2 (en) 2006-11-03 2011-10-04 University Of Southern California Gantry robotics system and related material transport for contour crafting
US20110127691A1 (en) * 2009-11-30 2011-06-02 Inneo Torres S.L. Factory for the molding manufacture of precast concrete voussoirs for the construction of wind generator support towers
US20110247993A1 (en) * 2010-04-13 2011-10-13 Gorbel, Inc. Gantry crane having a truss supported runway
US8678209B2 (en) * 2010-04-13 2014-03-25 Gorbel, Inc. Gantry crane having a truss supported runway
CN103883134A (zh) * 2014-03-17 2014-06-25 葛久鹏 一种建造在人行道上的空中楼阁

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES421278A1 (es) 1976-04-16
LU68953A1 (de) 1974-05-09
FR2209708A1 (de) 1974-07-05
JPS5024968A (de) 1975-03-17
GB1446853A (en) 1976-08-18
BE808403A (fr) 1974-06-07
FR2209708B1 (de) 1977-08-12
CA994287A (en) 1976-08-03
AU6335373A (en) 1975-06-12
DE2361133A1 (de) 1974-06-12
MTP756B (en) 1974-08-16
CH578481A5 (de) 1976-08-13
NL7316828A (de) 1974-06-11

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