US3863702A - Centrifugal casting method - Google Patents

Centrifugal casting method Download PDF

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Publication number
US3863702A
US3863702A US323104A US32310473A US3863702A US 3863702 A US3863702 A US 3863702A US 323104 A US323104 A US 323104A US 32310473 A US32310473 A US 32310473A US 3863702 A US3863702 A US 3863702A
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United States
Prior art keywords
slag
metal
mold
cast
casting
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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US323104A
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English (en)
Inventor
William L Hallerberg
Gilbert W Gordon
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Stoody Co
Deloro Stellite LP
Original Assignee
Cabot Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority to US323104A priority Critical patent/US3863702A/en
Application filed by Cabot Corp filed Critical Cabot Corp
Priority to DE2401245A priority patent/DE2401245A1/de
Priority to IT7467073A priority patent/IT1009099B/it
Priority to CA190,014A priority patent/CA1015527A/en
Priority to JP650974A priority patent/JPS566823B2/ja
Priority to GB161474A priority patent/GB1455172A/en
Priority to FR7401186A priority patent/FR2324398A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3863702A publication Critical patent/US3863702A/en
Assigned to STOODY DELORO STELLITE, INC. reassignment STOODY DELORO STELLITE, INC. CHANGE OF NAME (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). EFFECTIVE DATE: JULY 1, 1986 Assignors: STOODY COMPANY
Assigned to STOODY COMPANY, A CORP. OF DE. reassignment STOODY COMPANY, A CORP. OF DE. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. SUBJECT TO LICENSE RECITED Assignors: CABOT CORPORATION, A CORP. OF DE.
Assigned to WELLS FARGO BANK, N.A. reassignment WELLS FARGO BANK, N.A. SECURITY INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: STOODY DELORO STELLITE, INC.
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D13/00—Centrifugal casting; Casting by using centrifugal force
    • B22D13/02—Centrifugal casting; Casting by using centrifugal force of elongated solid or hollow bodies, e.g. pipes, in moulds rotating around their longitudinal axis
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
    • B22D11/10—Supplying or treating molten metal
    • B22D11/11—Treating the molten metal
    • B22D11/111—Treating the molten metal by using protecting powders

Definitions

  • This invention relates to centrifugal casting methods and particularly to a method of centrifugal casting in which a self-disintegrating slag is introduced into the centrifugal mold immediately following the molten metal to form an inner lining in the cast metal.
  • self-disintegrating slag we mean a slag which on solid state transformation gives a volume change which causes the slag to disintegrate or break up.
  • Centrifugal casting of metal into a variety of generally concentric hollow articles such as pipe is well known and has beenpracticed for many years. It is used in casting gray iron pipe as well as pipe from various types of steels and superalloys depending upon the ultimate use to which the article is to be placed.
  • steel and superalloy pipe and other hollow articles made of steel or superalloy by centrifugal casting techniques there has long existed a problem caused by shrinkage at the internal diameter of the pipe resulting in porosity and poor internal wall surface smoothness.
  • Such pipe had a high percentage of scrap because of leakage and because of poor surface finish.
  • a method of centrifugal casting which comprises the steps of introducing molten metal into a rotating centrifugal mold, immediately introducing a molten self-disintegrating slag into the rotating centrifugal mold after the molten metal to form an inner slag lining in the centrifugally cast metal, cooling to cause the metal to solidify and the slag to solidify and disintegrate and removing the slag from the cast metal article.
  • the slag is introduced into the mold immediately after metal pouring ends, and preferably within five seconds after the metal pour ends.
  • the slag is preferably above about 3,000F and the slag-to-metal weight ratio is about 0.3 or more.
  • a slag of di-calcium orthosilicate (Ca SiO diluted with calcium fluoride to reduce its melting point.
  • Such a slag will decrepitate upon cooling and can be readily removed e.g. poured from the finished cast pipes.
  • Other self-disintegrating slag can be used, if desired; however, we have found di-calcium orthosilicate to be the preferred slag.
  • the alloy was poured at 2,850F into the mold turning at rpm. At the end of the metal pour, the mold speed was increased to 1,150 rpm and then reduced to '900 rpm. One hundred and forty pounds of alloy were used per tube. For the slag tubes, 35 pounds of molten slag were used. Results of the experiment including the time delay between the introduction of the metal and the introduction of the slag, the slag temperature in the furnace, the wall thickness measurements and the depth of shrinkage determined metallographically are shown on Table l. Pipes N0. 1, 4 and 9 were made without slag and should be considered standard pipe for this size. The time of slag introduction was measured from the end of the metal pour. The slag temperature was measured in the furnace by optical pyrometer. Wall thickness measurements were made with calipers approximately 3 inches from the end of the tube. Depth of shrinkage was measured metallographically by polishing a cross section of the tube and examining it under the microscope. The numbers indicate the maximum depth of shrinkage found.
  • All pipes had 12 inches cut from the cold end (opposite the pouring spout) and these sections cut in half, with the half away from the cold end sent for air test evaluation.
  • the cold end of each pipe had a one inch thick ring cut from the end away from the cold end. These rings were sectioned into four equal segments and submitted for metallographic examination to determine the shrinkage porosity.
  • Pipe Nos. 2-1, 2-2, 2-4, 2-6, 2-7 and 2-10, from Heat No. 2,551, were sliced lengthwise and the wall thickness was measured with micrometers at the ends and at one foot intervals along the pipe. Table 111 shows the measurements along the pipe.
  • Acceptable wall thickness range 0.375 to 0.4375 inch Cast without sla minted at 900 rpm. Cast without slug. rotated at 1100 rpm.
  • EXAMPLE 11 Two 1,500-pound heats of HAYNES HL-40 alloy were cast into twenty-one tubes, 4 A-inches CD. by %-inch wall thickness by 8-feet long for this experiment. Sixteen pipes were cast using the slag centrifugal technique of adding molten slag after metal pour, and five pipes were cast without the slag addition as a standard.
  • the normal practice for the centrifugal process is to pour the metal at 2,850F into a steel mold turning at rp'm.- After the metal pour, the mold speed was increased to 1,100 rpm and then reduced to 900 rpm until solidification.
  • the first pipe cast in this series was poured per the standard practice, with the exception of the mold speed which was held at 900 rpm. It was found that 900 rpm is too slow because most of the metal stayed in the center of the pipe. The remainder of the pipes were cast following the standard practice with the exception that mold speed was maintained at 1,100 rpm until solidification had taken place.
  • the results of the air test can be seen in Table IV.
  • the test pieces were machined to a selected wall thickness and air tested after each wall reduction.
  • the test consisted of sealing each end of the pipe and submerging it in water. Compressed air is introduced at one end of the pipe and is maintained for a specified length of time.
  • the air testing was performed according to Union Carbide Specification, CFTM-lOO, with the exception of the surface area tested.
  • the specification calls for an inch minimum width, flatbottomed groove to be machined to wall thickness for testing. A three-inch wide. flat-bottomed groove was machined to wall thickness for testing in these experiments because it was believed that the three-inch wide groove would be a more severe test than the one-inch groove due to the greater surface area tested.
  • the taper of the pipes which were not sectioned lengthwise was obtained by taking five measurements (with micrometers) around the diameter of both the hot and cold ends of the pipe. These measurements were averaged and the difference between the two averages was considered the taper of the pipe and is shown in Table V as wall taper.
  • the pipe samples submitted for metallographic examination were polished on the fine alumina wheels and then electropolished in a solution of 85 percent methanol and percent sulfuric acid. The results were obtained by measuring at lOOX magnification using a table with micrometer type traverse. The numbers indicate the maximum depth of porosity for each sample. The results of the metallographic examination in measuring porosity depth as determined by measurements taken on the polished pipe sections are shown in Table V.
  • FIG. 1 is a photograph of the polished and etched cross section of the cast pipe showing the condition as indicated by A in the figure.
  • FIG. 2 is a photomacrograph at 8X magnification showing the carbon enriched condition present at the ID. of the pipe cast using the molten slag as indicated by B in the figure.
  • H6. 3 is a photomacrograph at 8X magnification showing the shrinkage at the ID. of the pipe without molten slag as indicated by C in the figure. The amount of shrinkage in pipe cast without molten slag is noticeably greater than that with slag.
  • the tubes are crosssectioned so that one may, or may not, cut into a particular section where porosity is a problem.
  • FIG. 4 is a photomacrograph at 8X magnification showing the absence of the heavy line found in FIG. 2.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Continuous Casting (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
US323104A 1973-01-12 1973-01-12 Centrifugal casting method Expired - Lifetime US3863702A (en)

Priority Applications (7)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US323104A US3863702A (en) 1973-01-12 1973-01-12 Centrifugal casting method
IT7467073A IT1009099B (it) 1973-01-12 1974-01-11 Procedimento di colata centrifuga di getti metallici
CA190,014A CA1015527A (en) 1973-01-12 1974-01-11 Centrifugal casting method
JP650974A JPS566823B2 (fr) 1973-01-12 1974-01-11
DE2401245A DE2401245A1 (de) 1973-01-12 1974-01-11 Schleudergiessverfahren
GB161474A GB1455172A (en) 1973-01-12 1974-01-14 Centrifugal casting method
FR7401186A FR2324398A1 (fr) 1973-01-12 1974-01-14 Procede de moulage par centrifugation

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US323104A US3863702A (en) 1973-01-12 1973-01-12 Centrifugal casting method

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3863702A true US3863702A (en) 1975-02-04

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US323104A Expired - Lifetime US3863702A (en) 1973-01-12 1973-01-12 Centrifugal casting method

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US3863702A (fr)
JP (1) JPS566823B2 (fr)
CA (1) CA1015527A (fr)
DE (1) DE2401245A1 (fr)
FR (1) FR2324398A1 (fr)
GB (1) GB1455172A (fr)
IT (1) IT1009099B (fr)

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4327798A (en) * 1980-05-01 1982-05-04 American Cast Iron Pipe Company Method of applying flux
US5179995A (en) * 1989-07-17 1993-01-19 Limb Stanley R Combination vacuum assist centrifugal casting apparatus and method
US20040045698A1 (en) * 2002-09-11 2004-03-11 Alotech Ltd. Llc Chemically bonded aggregate mold
US20040050524A1 (en) * 2002-07-09 2004-03-18 Alotech Ltd. Llc Mold-removal casting method and apparatus
US20040108088A1 (en) * 2002-09-20 2004-06-10 Alotech Ltd. Llc Lost pattern mold removal casting method and apparatus
US20050178521A1 (en) * 2002-09-20 2005-08-18 Alotech Ltd. Llc Lost pattern mold removal casting method and apparatus
US20080000609A1 (en) * 2001-05-09 2008-01-03 Lewis James L Jr Methods and apparatus for heat treatment and sand removal for castings
CN114126783A (zh) * 2020-01-14 2022-03-01 泰安特夫德新材料科技有限公司 利用炉渣离心铸造复合钢管的方法

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1831310A (en) * 1927-03-30 1931-11-10 Lewis B Lindemuth Centrifugal casting
US3293708A (en) * 1964-03-04 1966-12-27 Black Clawson Co Method of centrifugally casting flanged tubular members
US3324933A (en) * 1964-06-02 1967-06-13 Babcock & Wilcox Co Centrifugal casting
US3563300A (en) * 1967-07-01 1971-02-16 Kubota Iron & Machinery Works Centrifugal casting of a composite roller

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1831310A (en) * 1927-03-30 1931-11-10 Lewis B Lindemuth Centrifugal casting
US3293708A (en) * 1964-03-04 1966-12-27 Black Clawson Co Method of centrifugally casting flanged tubular members
US3324933A (en) * 1964-06-02 1967-06-13 Babcock & Wilcox Co Centrifugal casting
US3563300A (en) * 1967-07-01 1971-02-16 Kubota Iron & Machinery Works Centrifugal casting of a composite roller

Cited By (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4327798A (en) * 1980-05-01 1982-05-04 American Cast Iron Pipe Company Method of applying flux
US5179995A (en) * 1989-07-17 1993-01-19 Limb Stanley R Combination vacuum assist centrifugal casting apparatus and method
US8066053B2 (en) 2001-05-09 2011-11-29 Consolidated Engineering Company, Inc. Method and apparatus for assisting removal of sand moldings from castings
US7331374B2 (en) 2001-05-09 2008-02-19 Consolidated Engineering Company, Inc. Method and apparatus for assisting removal of sand moldings from castings
US20080000609A1 (en) * 2001-05-09 2008-01-03 Lewis James L Jr Methods and apparatus for heat treatment and sand removal for castings
US7216691B2 (en) 2002-07-09 2007-05-15 Alotech Ltd. Llc Mold-removal casting method and apparatus
US20040050524A1 (en) * 2002-07-09 2004-03-18 Alotech Ltd. Llc Mold-removal casting method and apparatus
US7165600B2 (en) 2002-09-11 2007-01-23 Alotech Ltd. Llc Chemically bonded aggregate mold
US20040045698A1 (en) * 2002-09-11 2004-03-11 Alotech Ltd. Llc Chemically bonded aggregate mold
US7121318B2 (en) 2002-09-20 2006-10-17 Alotech Ltd. Llc Lost pattern mold removal casting method and apparatus
US7147031B2 (en) 2002-09-20 2006-12-12 Alotech Ltd. Llc Lost pattern mold removal casting method and apparatus
US20050178521A1 (en) * 2002-09-20 2005-08-18 Alotech Ltd. Llc Lost pattern mold removal casting method and apparatus
US20040108088A1 (en) * 2002-09-20 2004-06-10 Alotech Ltd. Llc Lost pattern mold removal casting method and apparatus
CN114126783A (zh) * 2020-01-14 2022-03-01 泰安特夫德新材料科技有限公司 利用炉渣离心铸造复合钢管的方法
CN114126783B (zh) * 2020-01-14 2023-11-03 泰安特夫德新材料科技有限公司 利用炉渣离心铸造复合钢管的方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS566823B2 (fr) 1981-02-13
DE2401245A1 (de) 1974-08-15
IT1009099B (it) 1976-12-10
CA1015527A (en) 1977-08-16
GB1455172A (en) 1976-11-10
FR2324398A1 (fr) 1977-04-15
JPS5051925A (fr) 1975-05-09

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AS Assignment

Owner name: STOODY COMPANY, A CORP. OF DE.

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. SUBJECT TO LICENSE RECITED;ASSIGNOR:CABOT CORPORATION, A CORP. OFDE.;REEL/FRAME:004760/0151

Effective date: 19870630

Owner name: STOODY DELORO STELLITE, INC.

Free format text: CHANGE OF NAME;ASSIGNOR:STOODY COMPANY;REEL/FRAME:004760/0140

Effective date: 19860630

AS Assignment

Owner name: WELLS FARGO BANK, N.A.

Free format text: SECURITY INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:STOODY DELORO STELLITE, INC.;REEL/FRAME:005067/0301

Effective date: 19890410