US3860853A - Flash lamp system - Google Patents

Flash lamp system Download PDF

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Publication number
US3860853A
US3860853A US357001A US35700173A US3860853A US 3860853 A US3860853 A US 3860853A US 357001 A US357001 A US 357001A US 35700173 A US35700173 A US 35700173A US 3860853 A US3860853 A US 3860853A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
flash tube
envelope
tube
discharge
radiation
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US357001A
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English (en)
Inventor
Wolfgang Ludloff
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
MULTIBLITZ MANNESMANN CO GmbH Co
MULTIBLITZ DR ING D A MANNESMAN GmbH and Co KG
Original Assignee
MULTIBLITZ MANNESMANN CO GmbH Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by MULTIBLITZ MANNESMANN CO GmbH Co filed Critical MULTIBLITZ MANNESMANN CO GmbH Co
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Publication of US3860853A publication Critical patent/US3860853A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B41/00—Circuit arrangements or apparatus for igniting or operating discharge lamps
    • H05B41/14—Circuit arrangements
    • H05B41/30—Circuit arrangements in which the lamp is fed by pulses, e.g. flash lamp
    • H05B41/32—Circuit arrangements in which the lamp is fed by pulses, e.g. flash lamp for single flash operation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J61/00—Gas-discharge or vapour-discharge lamps
    • H01J61/84—Lamps with discharge constricted by high pressure
    • H01J61/90—Lamps suitable only for intermittent operation, e.g. flash lamp

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT A flash tube has an internal gas pressure above 600 [30] Foreign Application Priority Data millimeters of mercury. It is energized by a capacitor May 6, 1972 Germany 2222365 having an Operating Voltage Such that the ratio of the discharge gap of the tube to said operating voltage is 52 us.
  • the tube has two 581 Field 01 Search 313/42, 43, 184, 185, 214, electrode Chambers connected by a duct and the 313/220; 315/112, 113 178! 179 132 232, chambers, but not the duct, are cooled.
  • the flash tube is constructed of material which is permeable to ultraviolet light and comprises a discharge duct and a dead space outside the discharge duct, the volume of the said dead space being at least equal to the volume of the discharge duct.
  • One system according to the application is utilized in conjunction with photo-initiation of drying processes or curing processes, for example of varnishes or printers inks. In this connection, it is essential to produce current peaks which are as high as possible in the flash tube so that short but high-intensity short-wave (ultraviolet) radiation flashes are produced.
  • the principal object of the present invention is to provide a flash lamp system according to said application so as to produce an optimum drying effect.
  • the invention is based on the knowledge that to achieve an optimum drying effect, it is essential for the peak current of the flash discharge to be as high as possible and for the current rise to its peak value to be as steep as possible.
  • the drying time T which is a measure of the achieved drying effect, varies approximately inversely proportionally to the square of the peak current T (Ill)
  • the total energy of the flash discharge is therefore of secondary significance for the drying effect. Accordingly, the capacitance of the storage capacitor is made only sufficiently large to ensure that the current rise at the beginning of the discharge is not decelerated by the capacitor voltage reduction due to the discharge.
  • the operating voltage should be made as high as possible unless disproportionately large insulation problems occur.
  • the internal resistance of the tube during discharge should be made as small as possible.
  • the internal resistance of the tube defines the required capacitance of the capacitor with the condition that the capacitor voltage reduction at the discharge should be small.
  • the high voltage and the demand for a small internal resistance of the tube in turn call for a gas pres sure which is high by comparison to conventional flash tubes in order to avoid the firing of the tube without a firing pulse.
  • a relatively long flash tube would be desirable for geometrical reasons in view of the application of the system to varnish drying. However, this requirement is partially in contradiction to the demand for a high peak current.
  • Preferred dimensions include a discharge gap of approximately l5 cm, an operating voltage of approximately 3,200 V and a capacitance of the storage capacitor of approximately 4 pf.
  • the flash tube is therefore constructed of synthetic quartz glass of high, i.e., about percent transmissivity for ultraviolet and infrared radiation.
  • synthetic quartz glass of high, i.e., about percent transmissivity for ultraviolet and infrared radiation.
  • such material is sold by Heraeus Schott Quarzschmelze GmbH., of Hanau, West Germany, under the name of Suprasil (trademark).
  • an infrared radiator is therefore provided in addition to the flash tube.
  • the intensity of the infrared radiator may be advantageously variable for the optimum adjustment of its intensity.
  • a second electronic flash tube adapted to emit infrared radiation is provided, the discharge current of which fires, after a given delay, the flash tube for emitting ultraviolet radiation so that the emission maximums of the infrared radiation or the ultraviolet radiation respectively of the two tubes coincide with respect to time.
  • the flash tube has expande electrode chambers and a cooling device which acts only on the electrode chambers. This causes the discharge gap between the electrode chambers to be heated to a glowing temperature and achieves two advantageous results, namely: (1) The envelope of the flash tube itself thus emits infrared radiation which, as already mentioned, improves the drying effect when ultraviolet flashes are simultaneously applied. (2) Heating the envelope to a red heat also counteracts any change of the absorption characteristic due to aging, even in ordinary quartz, which would otherwise impair the transmissivity for ultraviolet radiation as already described.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a first embodiment of a flash tube system according to the invention and used for varnish drying or curing;
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic wiring diagram of a second embodiment
  • FIG. 3 is a diagrammatic perspective view of a third embodiment used for the simultaneous treatment with ultraviolet and infrared radiation.
  • FIG. 1 there is a flash tube the envelope of which is quartz glass.
  • This tube has a straight discharge duct or chamber 12 with electrode chambers 14 and 16 extending at right angles to the duct at the ends thereof.
  • Each of the electrode chambers has a volume which is at least equal to that of the discharge duct 12.
  • Electrodes l8 and 20 are positioned in the respective electrode chambers 14 and 16.
  • the flash tube 10 is connected in a conventional flash lamp circuit and is fired by a firing electrode which is not illustrated in FIG. 1.
  • the flash tube 10 is so dimensioned that the ratio of discharge gap to operating voltage is smaller than or equal to 0.5 cm/ 100 V.
  • the discharge duct 12 incorporates a discharge gap of approximately cm in length.
  • the operating voltage to which the storage capacitor is charged amounts to 3,200 V.
  • the charging pressure of the tube is made greater than 600 mm Hg.
  • the capacitance of the storage capacitor is 4 pf. This provides peak currents of approximately 750 A.
  • the flash tube 10 is mounted in a reflector 22 whose exterior is provided with a trough-shaped cooling air duct 24 through which a stream of cooling air is conducted by means of a blower (not shown) as indicated by the arrows.
  • the electrode chambers 14 and 16 of the flash tube 10 extend into the cooling air duct 24 while the discharge duct 12 is positioned in the reflector 22 where it is not cooled by the air flow through duct 24.
  • the envelope of the flash tube 10 is substantially heated in the zone of the discharge duct 12 so that the envelope emits infrared radiation. That infrared radiation in conjunction with the ultraviolet flashes which are simultaneously produced, assists the drying effect as already mentioned. Heating also prevents a change of the absorption characteristics of the quartz due to aging.
  • FIG. 2 shows a circuit in which ultraviolet flashes and infrared flashes are simultaneously produced by using two flash tubes 26 and 28.
  • the embodiment of FIG. 2 is a circuit in which ultraviolet flashes and infrared flashes are simultaneously produced by using two flash tubes 26 and 28. The embodiment of FIG. 2
  • the flash tube 26 is initially fired and the infrared radiation therefrom is utilized.
  • the discharge current of flash tube 26 fires a second flash tube 28 after a delay which delay is such that the maximum of the ultraviolet radiation of the flash tube 28 coincides with the maximum of the infrared radiation of the flash tube 26.
  • the flash tube 26 is connected to a supply storage capacitor 30. It is fired by means of a firing electrode 32 to which a firing pulse is applied. This firing pulse is generated in the usual manner by the discharge of a firing capacitor 36 through a firing transformer 38 when a firing contact (switch) 34 is closed.
  • the firing capacitor is charged by the operating voltage of 3,200 V applied across a voltage divider comprising the resistors 40 and 42.
  • the primary winding of a transformer 44 is connected in the discharge circuit of the storage capacitor 30 and the flash tube 26. The pulse which occurs in the transformer secondary when the flash tube 26 is discharged through the primary charges a capacitor 48 via a diode 46.
  • a thyristor 50 When this capacitor 48 has been charged to a sufficient voltage, which requires a given amount of delay, that voltage fires a thyristor 50.
  • This conductance of thyristor 50 closes a circuit from a firing capacitor 52 and through the primary winding of a firing transformer 54.
  • the resulting current flow through the primary produces a firing pulse in the secondary which pulse is applied to a firing electrode 56 of the flash tube 28.
  • a supply storage capacitor 58 discharges via the flash tube 28. This discharge occurs with the aforementioned given delay following the discharge of tube 26.
  • the firing capacitor 52 is once again charged by the operating voltage of 3,200 V applied across a voltage divider comprising resistors 60 and 62.
  • a surface 64 for example a varnish surface which is to be dried, is illuminated with ultraviolet flashes from an ultraviolet flash tube which is positioned in a reflector 66 and is driven and controlled from a conventional current generator 68.
  • This may comprise an arrangement of the kind shown in FIG. 1.
  • the surface 64 is simultaneously irradiated by an infrared radiator 70 which is positioned in a re flector 72 and is fed from the mains (e.g., ordinary ac. power supply).
  • the power of the infrared radiator 70 may be varied, for example by means of an adjustable series resistor 74.
  • a flash lamp apparatus comprising a flash tube filled with gas under pressure, a supply storage capacitor means, means to apply an operating voltage to said storage capacitor means, a discharge circuit including said flash tube and said supply capacitor means and having a resistance so low that the peak current of the discharge is defined substantially only by the flash tube, the improvement comprising:
  • said pressure of the gas in said tube being above 600 millimeters of mercury, said tube having a discharge gap of a length such that the ratio of said length to said operating voltage is no greater than 0.5 centimeters per lOO volts,
  • said capacitor means having a capacitance such that, after firing, the voltage thereof will not drop by more than 15 percent before reaching said peak current
  • said flash tube being positioned to apply the radiation therefrom to a surface
  • infrared radiator means positioned so that the radiation therefrom is also applied to said surface along with said radiation from said flash tube
  • said radiator means comprising circuit means including a second flash tube, and means connecting said second circuit means to said first circuit means to fire the first mentioned flash tube a given period of time after said second flash tube, said given period of time being such that the maximums of the infrared radiation from said second flash tube coincides with the ultraviolet radiation from the first mentioned flash tube, and
  • radiator means connected to said radiator means for varying the intensity of the infrared radiation.
  • the capacitor means has a capacitance of about 4 microfarads, said means to apply said operating voltage provides an operating voltage of about 3,200 volts.
  • said discharge tube includes envelope means having high transmissivity for ultraviolet and infrared radiation, said envelope means being formed of synthetic quartz glass.
  • said envelope means defines two electrode chambers and a discharge duct connecting said chambers, and including cooling means for the chambers only.
  • said discharge tube includes envelope means having high transmissivity for ultraviolet and infrared radiation, said envelope means being formed of synthetic quartz glass.
  • said discharge tube includes envelope means, said envelope means defines two electrode chambers and a discharge duct connecting said chambers, and including cooling means for the chambers only.
  • an electronic flash tube for generating light flashes having a high proportion of ultraviolet radiation, said tube comprising an envelope, main electrodes in the envelope between which electric current passes, a firing electrode, and a gas in said envelope which is excited to light emission by the passage of said current, said emission including ultraviolet light, the improvement comprising:
  • said envelope comprising a straight discharge duct and electrode chambers at the ends of the duct
  • each of said electrode chambers having a volume which is at least equal to that of the discharge duct
  • said main electrodes being positioned in the electrode chambers respectively and outside said duct in a manner permitting free communication of said gas between said duct and said electrode chambers,
  • said envelope having means for preventing any decrease of ultraviolet transmissivity of the envelope due to the effect of flash discharges through said duct.
  • said electrode chambers extending at right angles to said discharge duct, an elongated reflector having a cooling air duct at the exterior thereof, said electronic flash tube being positioned with its discharge duct within the reflector and outside the cooling air duct and with said electrode chambers extending into said cooling air duct, and means for providing a cooling air stream through said cooling air duct, whereby in operation said envelope is substantially heated to prevent any change of ultraviolet transmissivity of the envelope.
  • said envelope consisting of synthetic quartz glass.
  • a flash lamp apparatus including a flash tube as set forth in claim 8, storage capacitor means for supplying said current, discharge circuit means including said storage capacitor means and said flash tube, and flash tube firing means connected to said firing electrode, the improvement comprising:
  • said discharge circuit means having a resistance so low that the peak current of the discharge is defined substantially only by the flash tube.
  • radiator means positioned so that the radiation therefrom is also applied to said surface along with said radiation from said flash tube, said radiator means comprising second circuit means including a second flash tube, and means connecting said second circuit means to said firing means to fire the second flash tube a given period of time before said first mentioned flash tube is fired, said given period of time being such that the maximum of the infrared radiation from said second flash tube coincides with the ultraviolet radiation from the first mentioned flash tube.
  • said preventing means comprises:
  • said envelope consisting of synthetic quartz glass.

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  • Discharge Lamps And Accessories Thereof (AREA)
  • Arrangement Of Elements, Cooling, Sealing, Or The Like Of Lighting Devices (AREA)
  • Stroboscope Apparatuses (AREA)
US357001A 1972-05-06 1973-05-03 Flash lamp system Expired - Lifetime US3860853A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19722222365 DE2222365A1 (de) 1972-05-06 1972-05-06 Blitzleuchtenanordnung

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3860853A true US3860853A (en) 1975-01-14

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ID=5844288

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US357001A Expired - Lifetime US3860853A (en) 1972-05-06 1973-05-03 Flash lamp system

Country Status (9)

Country Link
US (1) US3860853A (fr)
CA (1) CA1014601A (fr)
CH (1) CH586498A5 (fr)
DE (1) DE2222365A1 (fr)
ES (1) ES414221A1 (fr)
FR (1) FR2184099B2 (fr)
GB (1) GB1407765A (fr)
IT (1) IT1046612B (fr)
NL (1) NL7306218A (fr)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4788475A (en) * 1986-03-31 1988-11-29 North American Philips Corporation Multiple discharge device hid lamp with preferential starting
EP1024085A2 (fr) * 1999-01-29 2000-08-02 SIG Pack Systems AG Dispositif pour souder des feuilles, en particulier pour souder des feuilles d'emballage dans une machine d'emballage
WO2002015213A2 (fr) * 2000-08-11 2002-02-21 Perkinelmer Optoelectronics Gmbh Lampe eclair et structure de lampe eclair
US20050218823A1 (en) * 2004-04-05 2005-10-06 Eastman Kodak Company Camera flash apparatus using ultraviolet light for triggering of the flash tube
US20140085073A1 (en) * 2012-09-25 2014-03-27 Infineon Technologies Ag Direction indicator circuit for controlling a direction indicator in a vehicle

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2021121653A1 (fr) * 2019-12-20 2021-06-24 Sew-Eurodrive Gmbh & Co. Kg Utilisation d'un émetteur et système comprenant un accumulateur d'énergie et un émetteur

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1646010A (en) * 1923-07-18 1927-10-18 Cooper Hewitt Electric Co Method of and apparatus for applying and treating varnish
US2919369A (en) * 1956-06-01 1959-12-29 Harold E Edgerton Flash tube and apparatus
US2924731A (en) * 1957-04-08 1960-02-09 Gen Electric Double ended high pressure discharge lamp
US3148307A (en) * 1961-05-18 1964-09-08 Edgerton Germeshausen & Grier Flash lamp
US3453427A (en) * 1966-05-27 1969-07-01 Xerox Corp Electric lamp for uniformly charging the photoconductive insulating layer of a xerographic plate

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1646010A (en) * 1923-07-18 1927-10-18 Cooper Hewitt Electric Co Method of and apparatus for applying and treating varnish
US2919369A (en) * 1956-06-01 1959-12-29 Harold E Edgerton Flash tube and apparatus
US2924731A (en) * 1957-04-08 1960-02-09 Gen Electric Double ended high pressure discharge lamp
US3148307A (en) * 1961-05-18 1964-09-08 Edgerton Germeshausen & Grier Flash lamp
US3453427A (en) * 1966-05-27 1969-07-01 Xerox Corp Electric lamp for uniformly charging the photoconductive insulating layer of a xerographic plate

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4788475A (en) * 1986-03-31 1988-11-29 North American Philips Corporation Multiple discharge device hid lamp with preferential starting
EP1024085A2 (fr) * 1999-01-29 2000-08-02 SIG Pack Systems AG Dispositif pour souder des feuilles, en particulier pour souder des feuilles d'emballage dans une machine d'emballage
EP1024085A3 (fr) * 1999-01-29 2002-01-23 SIG Pack Systems AG Dispositif pour souder des feuilles, en particulier pour souder des feuilles d'emballage dans une machine d'emballage
WO2002015213A2 (fr) * 2000-08-11 2002-02-21 Perkinelmer Optoelectronics Gmbh Lampe eclair et structure de lampe eclair
WO2002015213A3 (fr) * 2000-08-11 2002-06-27 Perkinelmer Optoelectronics Lampe eclair et structure de lampe eclair
US20040032218A1 (en) * 2000-08-11 2004-02-19 Ingo Dunisch Flash lamp and flash lamp structure
US6867547B2 (en) 2000-08-11 2005-03-15 Perkinelmer Optoelectronics Gmbh Flash lamp and flash lamp structure
US20050218823A1 (en) * 2004-04-05 2005-10-06 Eastman Kodak Company Camera flash apparatus using ultraviolet light for triggering of the flash tube
US20140085073A1 (en) * 2012-09-25 2014-03-27 Infineon Technologies Ag Direction indicator circuit for controlling a direction indicator in a vehicle
US9387797B2 (en) * 2012-09-25 2016-07-12 Infineon Technologies Ag Direction indicator circuit for controlling a direction indicator in a vehicle

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CA1014601A (en) 1977-07-26
CH586498A5 (fr) 1977-03-31
DE2222365A1 (de) 1973-11-22
GB1407765A (en) 1975-09-24
ES414221A1 (es) 1976-01-16
NL7306218A (fr) 1973-11-08
FR2184099A2 (fr) 1973-12-21
IT1046612B (it) 1980-07-31
FR2184099B2 (fr) 1975-08-22

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