US3856553A - Light-resistant-color developing sheet for pressure-sensitive copying paper - Google Patents
Light-resistant-color developing sheet for pressure-sensitive copying paper Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3856553A US3856553A US41057473A US3856553A US 3856553 A US3856553 A US 3856553A US 41057473 A US41057473 A US 41057473A US 3856553 A US3856553 A US 3856553A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- phenol
- color developing
- developing sheet
- sheet according
- clay
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- -1 such as Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- YXVFYQXJAXKLAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N biphenyl-4-ol Chemical compound C1=CC(O)=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 YXVFYQXJAXKLAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical group [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 9
- IWDCLRJOBJJRNH-UHFFFAOYSA-N p-cresol Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 IWDCLRJOBJJRNH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- OGRAOKJKVGDSFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3,5-trimethylphenol Chemical compound CC1=CC(C)=C(C)C(O)=C1 OGRAOKJKVGDSFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical group [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- QHPQWRBYOIRBIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-tert-butylphenol Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 QHPQWRBYOIRBIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- NRZWYNLTFLDQQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N p-tert-Amylphenol Chemical compound CCC(C)(C)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 NRZWYNLTFLDQQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- JRQJLSWAMYZFGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1'-biphenyl;phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 JRQJLSWAMYZFGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- MKRGRCLYQUZXFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4-diphenylphenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 MKRGRCLYQUZXFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- KUFFULVDNCHOFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4-xylenol Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(O)C(C)=C1 KUFFULVDNCHOFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- BZWMYDJJDBFAPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-chloro-4-phenylphenol Chemical compound C1=C(Cl)C(O)=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 BZWMYDJJDBFAPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- QQOMQLYQAXGHSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 236TMPh Natural products CC1=CC=C(C)C(O)=C1C QQOMQLYQAXGHSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- PXSSNPBEHHJLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3,4,5-tetramethylphenol Chemical compound CC1=CC(O)=C(C)C(C)=C1C PXSSNPBEHHJLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000004800 4-bromophenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C(*)=C([H])C([H])=C1Br 0.000 claims description 3
- IGFHQQFPSIBGKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-nonylphenol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 IGFHQQFPSIBGKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000288 alkali metal carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000008041 alkali metal carbonates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000008044 alkali metal hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- YZCKVEUIGOORGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen atom Chemical group [H] YZCKVEUIGOORGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003094 microcapsule Substances 0.000 abstract description 10
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 abstract description 8
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 23
- 229910052570 clay Inorganic materials 0.000 description 19
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 17
- LIZLYZVAYZQVPG-UHFFFAOYSA-N (3-bromo-2-fluorophenyl)methanol Chemical compound OCC1=CC=CC(Br)=C1F LIZLYZVAYZQVPG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 15
- 238000000862 absorption spectrum Methods 0.000 description 14
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 12
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910000040 hydrogen fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 150000002989 phenols Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- ZKURGBYDCVNWKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N [3,7-bis(dimethylamino)phenothiazin-10-yl]-phenylmethanone Chemical compound C12=CC=C(N(C)C)C=C2SC2=CC(N(C)C)=CC=C2N1C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 ZKURGBYDCVNWKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenyl Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229920000126 latex Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000004816 latex Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229920003048 styrene butadiene rubber Polymers 0.000 description 4
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 3
- QDNPCYCBQFHNJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1'-biphenyl-3,4-diol Chemical compound C1=C(O)C(O)=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 QDNPCYCBQFHNJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FQIQHGPPOGJBOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[(2,6-dihydroxyphenyl)methyl]benzene-1,3-diol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC(O)=C1CC1=C(O)C=CC=C1O FQIQHGPPOGJBOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MCGXOUQGJZKKKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[(2-hydroxy-6-phenylphenyl)methyl]-3-phenylphenol Chemical compound OC=1C=CC=C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=1CC=1C(O)=CC=CC=1C1=CC=CC=C1 MCGXOUQGJZKKKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WNZQDUSMALZDQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-benzofuran-1(3H)-one Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(=O)OCC2=C1 WNZQDUSMALZDQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NCTQVMZEZSEBPT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-benzyl-2-[(2-benzyl-6-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]phenol Chemical compound OC=1C=CC=C(CC=2C=CC=CC=2)C=1CC=1C(O)=CC=CC=1CC1=CC=CC=C1 NCTQVMZEZSEBPT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VWGKEVWFBOUAND-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,4'-thiodiphenol Chemical compound C1=CC(O)=CC=C1SC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 VWGKEVWFBOUAND-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DJOWTWWHMWQATC-KYHIUUMWSA-N Karpoxanthin Natural products CC(=C/C=C/C=C(C)/C=C/C=C(C)/C=C/C1(O)C(C)(C)CC(O)CC1(C)O)C=CC=C(/C)C=CC2=C(C)CC(O)CC2(C)C DJOWTWWHMWQATC-KYHIUUMWSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000004305 biphenyl Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000010290 biphenyl Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- LNTHITQWFMADLM-UHFFFAOYSA-N gallic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC(O)=C(O)C(O)=C1 LNTHITQWFMADLM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 2
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000000325 methylidene group Chemical group [H]C([H])=* 0.000 description 2
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- TUSDEZXZIZRFGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-O-galloyl-3,6-(R)-HHDP-beta-D-glucose Natural products OC1C(O2)COC(=O)C3=CC(O)=C(O)C(O)=C3C3=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=C3C(=O)OC1C(O)C2OC(=O)C1=CC(O)=C(O)C(O)=C1 TUSDEZXZIZRFGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LVLNPXCISNPHLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]phenol Chemical compound C1=CC(O)=CC=C1CC1=CC=CC=C1O LVLNPXCISNPHLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LAXBNTIAOJWAOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-chlorobiphenyl Chemical group ClC1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 LAXBNTIAOJWAOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ARUBXNBYMCVENE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(4-bromophenyl)phenol Chemical compound C1=CC(O)=CC=C1C1=CC=C(Br)C=C1 ARUBXNBYMCVENE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WUGKVYDVIGOPSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(4-hydroxy-3-methylphenyl)-2-methylphenol Chemical compound C1=C(O)C(C)=CC(C=2C=C(C)C(O)=CC=2)=C1 WUGKVYDVIGOPSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001263 FEMA 3042 Substances 0.000 description 1
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorane Chemical compound F KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108010010803 Gelatin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229920000084 Gum arabic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LRBQNJMCXXYXIU-PPKXGCFTSA-N Penta-digallate-beta-D-glucose Natural products OC1=C(O)C(O)=CC(C(=O)OC=2C(=C(O)C=C(C=2)C(=O)OC[C@@H]2[C@H]([C@H](OC(=O)C=3C=C(OC(=O)C=4C=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=4)C(O)=C(O)C=3)[C@@H](OC(=O)C=3C=C(OC(=O)C=4C=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=4)C(O)=C(O)C=3)[C@H](OC(=O)C=3C=C(OC(=O)C=4C=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=4)C(O)=C(O)C=3)O2)OC(=O)C=2C=C(OC(=O)C=3C=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=3)C(O)=C(O)C=2)O)=C1 LRBQNJMCXXYXIU-PPKXGCFTSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000978776 Senegalia senegal Species 0.000 description 1
- 208000036366 Sensation of pressure Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000002174 Styrene-butadiene Substances 0.000 description 1
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Succinic acid Natural products OC(=O)CCC(O)=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000010724 Wisteria floribunda Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000205 acacia gum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010489 acacia gum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003463 adsorbent Substances 0.000 description 1
- RGCKGOZRHPZPFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N alizarin Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(=O)C3=C(O)C(O)=CC=C3C(=O)C2=C1 RGCKGOZRHPZPFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229960000892 attapulgite Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium atom Chemical compound [Ba] DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000440 bentonite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000278 bentonite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N bentoquatam Chemical compound O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IMHDGJOMLMDPJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N biphenyl-2,2'-diol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1O IMHDGJOMLMDPJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MTAZNLWOLGHBHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N butadiene-styrene rubber Chemical compound C=CC=C.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 MTAZNLWOLGHBHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-NUQCWPJISA-N butanedioic acid Chemical compound O[14C](=O)CC[14C](O)=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-NUQCWPJISA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002734 clay mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005354 coacervation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004040 coloring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- MIHINWMALJZIBX-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-ol Chemical class OC1CC=CC=C1 MIHINWMALJZIBX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002845 discoloration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004945 emulsification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003995 emulsifying agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940074391 gallic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000004515 gallic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- LRBQNJMCXXYXIU-QWKBTXIPSA-N gallotannic acid Chemical compound OC1=C(O)C(O)=CC(C(=O)OC=2C(=C(O)C=C(C=2)C(=O)OC[C@H]2[C@@H]([C@@H](OC(=O)C=3C=C(OC(=O)C=4C=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=4)C(O)=C(O)C=3)[C@H](OC(=O)C=3C=C(OC(=O)C=4C=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=4)C(O)=C(O)C=3)[C@@H](OC(=O)C=3C=C(OC(=O)C=4C=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=4)C(O)=C(O)C=3)O2)OC(=O)C=2C=C(OC(=O)C=3C=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=3)C(O)=C(O)C=2)O)=C1 LRBQNJMCXXYXIU-QWKBTXIPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008273 gelatin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000159 gelatin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000019322 gelatine Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000011852 gelatine desserts Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000004679 hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000005457 ice water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003456 ion exchange resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003303 ion-exchange polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940107698 malachite green Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000007522 mineralic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000005985 organic acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052625 palygorskite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000005011 phenolic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940043267 rhodamine b Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011115 styrene butadiene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000015523 tannic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940033123 tannic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229920002258 tannic acid Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J13/00—Colloid chemistry, e.g. the production of colloidal materials or their solutions, not otherwise provided for; Making microcapsules or microballoons
- B01J13/02—Making microcapsules or microballoons
- B01J13/06—Making microcapsules or microballoons by phase separation
- B01J13/10—Complex coacervation, i.e. interaction of oppositely charged particles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J13/00—Colloid chemistry, e.g. the production of colloidal materials or their solutions, not otherwise provided for; Making microcapsules or microballoons
- B01J13/0004—Preparation of sols
- B01J13/0008—Sols of inorganic materials in water
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J13/00—Colloid chemistry, e.g. the production of colloidal materials or their solutions, not otherwise provided for; Making microcapsules or microballoons
- B01J13/02—Making microcapsules or microballoons
- B01J13/025—Applications of microcapsules not provided for in other subclasses
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41M—PRINTING, DUPLICATING, MARKING, OR COPYING PROCESSES; COLOUR PRINTING
- B41M5/00—Duplicating or marking methods; Sheet materials for use therein
- B41M5/124—Duplicating or marking methods; Sheet materials for use therein using pressure to make a masked colour visible, e.g. to make a coloured support visible, to create an opaque or transparent pattern, or to form colour by uniting colour-forming components
- B41M5/132—Chemical colour-forming components; Additives or binders therefor
- B41M5/155—Colour-developing components, e.g. acidic compounds; Additives or binders therefor; Layers containing such colour-developing components, additives or binders
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/25—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component and including a second component containing structurally defined particles
- Y10T428/258—Alkali metal or alkaline earth metal or compound thereof
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
- Y10T428/31942—Of aldehyde or ketone condensation product
- Y10T428/31949—Next to cellulosic
- Y10T428/31964—Paper
Definitions
- a color developing sheet comprising a support and a developer layer coated thereon, said developer layer containing an alkaline substance, such as, sodium hydroxide in addition to clay, such as, acid clay and a phenol compound, such as, p-phenyl phenol.
- the alkaline substance increases the light resistance of a color image formed by pressure-contact of the developer sheet with a sheet which is coated with microcapsules containing a suitable mixture of couplers.
- This invention relates to a color developing sheet for pressure-sensitive copying paper, and particularly to the improvement of a pressure-sensitive copying paper comprising a phenol compound as a color developer together.
- the pressure-sensitive copying paper is produced by utilizing microcapsules containing a solution of a substantially colorless organic compound (hereinafter referred to as coupler) and an adsorbent material (hereinafter referred to as developer) which reacts with the coupler to form a distinctive color.
- coupler substantially colorless organic compound
- developer adsorbent material
- Developers generally used include clays, such as, attapulgite, acid clay, active clay, zeolite or bentonite, an organic compound, such as succinic acid, tannic acid or gallic acid, and a phenol resin.
- a phenol compound has been proposed in place of the developing agent (Japanese Patent Publication No. 9309/65).
- a color image formed by reaction with a coupler such as, crystal violet lactone and benzoyl leuco methylene blue, has only insufficient weatherability. In other words, such color image has the defeet that it is easily discolored or faded by radiation of sunlight or on being left to stand indoors.
- an object of this invention is to provide an improved pressure-sensitive copying paper.
- Another object of the invention is to provide a method of improving the weatherability of a phenol compound used as a developer.
- the phenol compounds used in the present invention are phenol compounds in which the hydrogen atom bonded to the aromatic ring is substituted with at least one hydroxyl group. Therefore, the phenol compounds used in the invention are monohydric or polyhydric phenols in the strict chemical sense.
- phenols such as p-cresol, pnonylphenol, p-phenol phenol, p-(p-bromophenyl) phenol, biphenyl phenol, 2,4-xylenol, 2,4-diphenyl phenol, 2-chloro-4-phenyl phenol, 2,3,5- trimethylphenol, tetramethyl phenol, p-t-butyl phenol and p-t-amyl phenol.
- phenols such as p-cresol, pnonylphenol, p-phenol phenol, p-(p-bromophenyl) phenol, biphenyl phenol, 2,4-xylenol, 2,4-diphenyl phenol, 2-chloro-4-phenyl phenol, 2,3,5- trimethylphenol, tetramethyl phenol, p-t-butyl phenol and p-t-amyl phenol.
- polyhydric phenols in the strict chemical sense, .there may be mentioned 4-phenyl pyrocatechol, o,o'-biphenol, 4,4'-bi-ocresol, a, a'-diphenyl-4,4-bi-o-cresol, biphenyl tetrol, 2,4'-methylene diphenol, methylene diresorcinol, 2,2- methylene di-p-cresol, methylene bis-(benzylphenol), p-p'-isopropylidene diphenol, methylene bis-(phenyl phenol), methylene bis-(halophenol), and 4,4- thiodiphenol.
- the alkaline substances used in this invention include hydroxides and carbonates of alkali metals or alkaline earth metals, such as, sodium, potassium, lithium, calcium, magnesium or barium.
- Suitable amounts of the phenol compound are 1-10 parts by weight per parts by weight of clay, and those of the alkaline substance are 0.2-30 parts by weight on the same basis.
- the method of adding these compounds is not particularly limited.
- the alkaline substance may be added to a slurry of clay, and then the phenol compound may be added, or this order of addition may be reversed.
- a mixture of the phenol compound and the alkaline substance may be added to a slurry of clay. It is possible to add organic acids, inorganic acids, or ion-exchange resins to a coating solution of the developer.
- the alkaline substance When the'developer of the invention is used, its activity is enhanced by the alkaline substance, and there can be produced a pressure-sensitive copying paper which forms a color image of higher density. It must be emphasized, however, that the main purpose of using the alkaline substance is to increase the weatherability of a color image formed by adsorption to the phenol compound and clay upon reaction, and the increase in the activity of the conventional developers is of secondary significance.
- a coating solution so obtained in accordance with the present invention is coated on a support such as paper either singly or in combination with microcapsules containing a coupler to be described.
- the examples of the coupler are crystal violet lactone which is 3,3-bis-(pdimethylaminophenyl)-6- dimethylamino phthalide, benzoyl leuco methylene blue, malachite green lactone which is 3,3-bis-(pdimethylaminophenyl) phthalide, Rhodamine B lactam, 3-dialkylamino-7-dialkylamino fluoranes, and 3- methyl-2,2'-spirobi (benzo-[fl-chromene), which may be used either alone or in a mixture.
- crystal violet lactone which is 3,3-bis-(pdimethylaminophenyl)-6- dimethylamino phthalide
- benzoyl leuco methylene blue malachite green lactone which is 3,3-bis-(pdimethylaminophenyl) phthalide
- Rhodamine B lactam which is 3,3-bis-(pdimethylaminophenyl) phthal
- the color coupler of pressure-sensitive copying paper is used in the form of a mixture in order to render complete the instantaneous-coloring properties and light resistance of a colored image.
- the most well known combination is one of crystal violet lactone, which is a primary coupler and colors instantaneously, and benzoyl leuco methylene blue which has good light resistance.
- crystal violet lactone which is a primary coupler and colors instantaneously
- benzoyl leuco methylene blue which has good light resistance.
- v crystal violet lactone colors instantaneously, but it takes a long time before benzoyl leuco methylene blue forms a color.
- a colored image of crystal violet lactone fades during this time interval.
- Pressure sensitive copying paper which forms a black color usually contains a mixture of couplers which form various colors. According to the present invention, a complete black image can be obtained without assuming a red color in sunlight and the like.
- Microcapsules containing a coupler are produced, for instance, in accordance with the method of U.S. Pat. No. 2,800,457.
- One specific example is as follows: Ten parts of acid-treated pigskin gelatin and 10 parts of gum arabic are dissolved in 400 parts of water at 40C. With addition of 0.2 part of Turkey red oil as an emulsifier, 40 parts of a coupler oil is emulsified in the aqueous solution.
- the coupler oil consists of 4 parts of chlorodiphenyl containing 2 percent of crystal violet lactone and 1.5 percent of benzoyl leuco methylene blue dissolved therein. The emulsification is stopped when the drop size of the oil is 5 microns on an average.
- Water at 40C is added to the emulsion to adjust the total amount to 900 parts, and stirring is continued. At this time, care should be taken not to lower the temperature of the liquid below 40C. Thereafter, percent acetic acid is added to adjust the pH of the liquid to 4.0-4.2 to cause coacervation. Stirring is further continued, and after a lapse of 20 minutes, the mixture is cooled with ice water to gel coacervate film deposited around the oil droplets. When the temperature of the liquid reaches 20 C, 7 parts of 37 percent formaldehyde is added, and at 10 C, a percent aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide is added to adjust the pH to 9. The addition of the sodium hydroxide at this time should be performed with utmost care.
- the mixture is heated for minutes to adjust the temperature of the liquid to 50C.
- the microcapsules so obtained are cooled down to 30 C, and coated in an amount of 6 g/m as solids content on a base material having a unit weight of 40 g/m.
- EXAMPLE 1 Eight parts of sodium hydroxide (20%) was added to 300 parts of dispersing water, and a solution of 4 parts of p-phenyl phenol in 40 parts of methanol was added (p-phenyl phenol being dissolved as dodecasodium salt). With stirring, 100 parts of acid clay was gradually added, and then 20parts (as solids content) of a styrene-butadiene latex was added to form a coating solution which had a pH of 9.5. The coating solution was applied to a base paper having a unit weight of 40 g/m in an amount of 10 g/m calculated as solids content using a coating rod.
- Comparative Example 1 One hundred parts of acid clay was gradually added to 300 parts of dispersing water with stirring. A solution of 4 parts of p-phenyl phenol in 30 parts of methanol was added gradually with stirring, and 20 parts of a styrene-butadiene rubber latex (as solids content) was added gradually with stirring to form a coating solution. The coating solution was applied to a base paper having a unit weight of 40 g/m in an amount of 10 g/m as solids content using a coating rod, and then allowed to dry.
- Comparative Test A Paper coated withmicrocapsules containing crystal violet lactone was superposed on each of the developer sheets obtained in Example 1 and Comparative Example 1, and a color was formed by applying a pressure of 600 Kg/cm After allowing it to stand for one hour in a dark place, the absorption spectrum curve at a wavelength in the range of 700 to 380p. was measured of each sheet. The absorption spectrum curve of the coupler after one-hour and three-hour irradiation of sunlight was also measured. The results obtained are shown in FIG. 1 attached in which [I] refers to the 'l)o11sil1y at absorption maximum after sunlight.
- EXAMPLE 2 Ten parts of 20 percent potassium hydroxide was added to 300 parts of dispersing water, and a solution of4 parts ofp,p'-isopropylidene diphenol in 40 parts of methanol was added. With stirring, acid clay was gradually added, and then 20 parts (as solids content) of a styrene-butadiene rubber latex was added with slow stirring to form a coating solution which had a pH of 9.8. The coating solution was applied to base paper having a unit weight of 40 g/m as solids content.
- Comparative Example 2 Acid clay was gradually added to 300 parts of dispersing water with stirring. With continued stirring, a solution of 4 parts of p,p-isopropylidene diphenol in methanol was added gradually. Subsequently, 20 parts, calculated as solids content, of a styrene-butadiene rubber latex was added with slow stirring to form a coating solution. The coating solution was applied to base paper having a unit weight of 40 g/m in an amount of g/m as solids content.
- Comparative Test B Paper coated with microcapsules containing crystal violet lactone was superposed on each of the devel oper sheets obtained in Example 2 and Comparative Example 2, and a color was formed by applying a pres sure of 600 Kg/cm? After allowing it to stand for one hour in a dark place, the absorption spectrum curve at a wavelength in the range of 700 to 380p. was measured of each sheet. The absorption spectrum curve of the coupler after 1-hour and 3-hour irradiation of sunlight was also measured. The results are shown in FIG. 3, in which [1] refers to the sheet of Example 2, and [ll] refers to the sheet of Comparative Example 2, and the other symbols have the same significance as set forth in Comparative Test A, (1) above. The light resistance of crystal violet lactone at the absorption maximum is given in Table 4 below.
- Example 2 A color was formed on each of the sheets obtained in Example 2 and Comparative Example 2 in the same manner as set forth in (l) above, using paper coated with microcapsules containing 3-dibenzylamino-7- diethylamino fluorane.
- the absorption spectrum curve was measured, after allowing the sheet to stand for one hour in a dark place, and also after subjecting it to irradiation of sunlight for one hour and three hours respectively.
- the results obtained are shown in FIG. 4 in which the symbols have the same significance as set 6 forth in (1) above.
- the light resistance of the coupler at the absorption maximum lt is given in Table 5.
- EXAMPLE 3 plied to a base paper having a unit weight of 40 g/m in an amount of 10 g/m as solids content.
- Comparative Test C Paper coated with microcapsules containing crystal violet lactone was superposed on each of the developer sheets obtained in Example 3 and Comparative Example 1, and a color was formed by applying pressure of 600 Kg/cm The absorption spectrum curve of each sheet was measured, after allowing it to stand for one hour in a dark place, and this was designated as a fresh absorption spectrum curve. Thereafter, the absorption spectrum was also measured, after subjecting the sheet to sunlight irradiation for one hour and three hours respectively. The results obtained are shown in FIG. 5 in which [1] refers to the sheet obtained in Example 3, and [11] refers to the sheet of Comparative Example l, and the other symbols have the same significance as set forth in Comparative Test A, (l). The absorption spectrum curves of Comparative Example 1 were the same as those shown in FIG. 1. The light resistance of the coupler at the absorption maximum is given in Table 7.
- a color developing sheet for pressure-sensitive copying paper comprising a support and a developer layer coated thereon, said developer layer comprising an alkaline substance selected from the group consist ing of an alkali metal hydroxide and an alkali metal carbonate, in addition to a clay and a phenol compound in which the hydrogen atom bonded to the aromatic ring is substituted with at least one hydroxyl group,
- said alkaline substance being present in an amount of from 0.2 to 30 parts by weight per parts by weight of said clay and said phenol compound being present in an amount of from 1 to 10 parts by'weight per 100 parts by weight of clay.
- a color developing sheet according to claim 1, wherein said phenol compound is a member selected from the group consisting of p-t-butyl phenol, p-t-amyl phenol, p-cresol, p-nonylphenol, p(p-bromophenyl) phenol, biphenyl phenol, 2,4-xylenol, 2,4-diphenyl phenol, 2-chloro-4-phenyl phenol, 2,3,5-trimethyl phenol, tetramethyl phenol, 4-phenyl pyrocatechol, 0,0- biphenol, 4,4'-bi-o-cresol, a, a-diphenyl-4,4'-bi-ocresol, biphenyl tetrol, 2,4-methylene diphenol, methylene diresorcinol, 2,2-methylene di-p-cresol, methylene bis-(benzylphenol), methylene bis-(phenyl phenol), methylene bis-(halo-phenol), and
- a color developing sheet according to claim 1 wherein said alkaline substance is sodium hydroxide.
- a color developing sheet according to claiml wherein said alkaline substance is potassium hydroxide.
- a color developing sheet according to claim 1 wherein said phenol compound is p-phenyl phenol or p,p-isopropylidene diphenol.
- a color developing sheet according to claim 1 wherein said phenol compound is p-phenyl phenol.
- a color developing sheet according to claim 1 wherein said phenol compound is selected from the group consisting of p-t-butyl phenol, p-t-amyl phenol, p-cresol, p-nonylphenol, p(p-bromophenyl) phenol, biphenyl phenol, 2,4-xylenol, 2,4-diphenyl phenol, 2- chloro-4 phenyl phenol, 2,3,5-trimethyl phenol and
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Color Printing (AREA)
Priority Applications (6)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB1949171A GB1309512A (en) | 1970-06-08 | 1971-06-08 | Developer sheets for pressure-sensitive recording |
CA115,055A CA944151A (en) | 1970-06-08 | 1971-06-08 | Light-resistant-color developing sheet for pressure-sensitive copying paper |
DE2128518A DE2128518B2 (de) | 1970-06-08 | 1971-06-08 | Farbentwicklungsblatt fur druck empfindliche Kopierpapiere |
FR7120804A FR2096092A5 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1970-06-08 | 1971-06-08 | |
BE768244A BE768244A (fr) | 1970-06-08 | 1971-06-08 | Feuille revelant les couleurs, resistant a la lumiere, utilisable avec un papier a reproduire sensible a la pression |
US41057473 US3856553A (en) | 1970-06-08 | 1973-10-29 | Light-resistant-color developing sheet for pressure-sensitive copying paper |
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP45049339A JPS4833210B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1970-06-08 | 1970-06-08 | |
US15104671A | 1971-06-08 | 1971-06-08 | |
US41057473 US3856553A (en) | 1970-06-08 | 1973-10-29 | Light-resistant-color developing sheet for pressure-sensitive copying paper |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US3856553A true US3856553A (en) | 1974-12-24 |
Family
ID=27293604
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US41057473 Expired - Lifetime US3856553A (en) | 1970-06-08 | 1973-10-29 | Light-resistant-color developing sheet for pressure-sensitive copying paper |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US3856553A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
BE (1) | BE768244A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
CA (1) | CA944151A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
DE (1) | DE2128518B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
FR (1) | FR2096092A5 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
GB (1) | GB1309512A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
Cited By (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3965282A (en) * | 1973-09-14 | 1976-06-22 | Agfa-Gevaert N.V. | Thermographic recording material |
US4022936A (en) * | 1975-04-28 | 1977-05-10 | Ncr Corporation | Record material |
US4076887A (en) * | 1975-10-28 | 1978-02-28 | Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. | Recording sheets |
US4148968A (en) * | 1972-09-28 | 1979-04-10 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Receiving sheet |
US4172727A (en) * | 1975-02-17 | 1979-10-30 | Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. | Desensitizer compositions |
US4188456A (en) * | 1977-12-23 | 1980-02-12 | Ncr Corporation | Pressure-sensitive recording sheet |
US4342473A (en) * | 1978-06-26 | 1982-08-03 | Champion International Corporation | Pressure-sensitive copy systems containing phenolic ester as color-stabilizers |
US4379721A (en) * | 1980-03-14 | 1983-04-12 | Spezial-Papiermaschinenfabrik August Alfred Krupp Gmbh & Co. | Pressure sensitive recording materials |
US4409272A (en) * | 1979-05-22 | 1983-10-11 | The Wiggins Teape Group Limited | Process for the manufacture of color developing material and product |
EP0092091A3 (en) * | 1982-04-15 | 1984-03-07 | Allied Corporation | Manufacture of powder cores for electromagnetic apparatus |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0162661A3 (en) * | 1984-05-18 | 1987-01-14 | Amoco Corporation | Carbonless paper copying system |
Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2972547A (en) * | 1957-08-05 | 1961-02-21 | Antioch College | Acyl hydrazine compositions and methods of producing color therewith |
US3516845A (en) * | 1967-01-24 | 1970-06-23 | Ncr Co | Record sheet sensitized with salt modified kaolin-phenolic material |
US3540913A (en) * | 1967-01-30 | 1970-11-17 | Ncr Co | Pressure sensitive recording sheet employing substituted indole phthalides |
US3634121A (en) * | 1969-03-17 | 1972-01-11 | Ncr Co | Acid-sensitized record sheet |
US3641011A (en) * | 1969-01-21 | 1972-02-08 | Ncr Co | 5- and 6-dialkylaminobenzylidene-aminofluorans |
-
1971
- 1971-06-08 FR FR7120804A patent/FR2096092A5/fr not_active Expired
- 1971-06-08 BE BE768244A patent/BE768244A/xx unknown
- 1971-06-08 CA CA115,055A patent/CA944151A/en not_active Expired
- 1971-06-08 DE DE2128518A patent/DE2128518B2/de active Pending
- 1971-06-08 GB GB1949171A patent/GB1309512A/en not_active Expired
-
1973
- 1973-10-29 US US41057473 patent/US3856553A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2972547A (en) * | 1957-08-05 | 1961-02-21 | Antioch College | Acyl hydrazine compositions and methods of producing color therewith |
US3516845A (en) * | 1967-01-24 | 1970-06-23 | Ncr Co | Record sheet sensitized with salt modified kaolin-phenolic material |
US3540913A (en) * | 1967-01-30 | 1970-11-17 | Ncr Co | Pressure sensitive recording sheet employing substituted indole phthalides |
US3641011A (en) * | 1969-01-21 | 1972-02-08 | Ncr Co | 5- and 6-dialkylaminobenzylidene-aminofluorans |
US3634121A (en) * | 1969-03-17 | 1972-01-11 | Ncr Co | Acid-sensitized record sheet |
Cited By (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4148968A (en) * | 1972-09-28 | 1979-04-10 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Receiving sheet |
US3965282A (en) * | 1973-09-14 | 1976-06-22 | Agfa-Gevaert N.V. | Thermographic recording material |
US4172727A (en) * | 1975-02-17 | 1979-10-30 | Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. | Desensitizer compositions |
US4022936A (en) * | 1975-04-28 | 1977-05-10 | Ncr Corporation | Record material |
US4076887A (en) * | 1975-10-28 | 1978-02-28 | Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. | Recording sheets |
US4188456A (en) * | 1977-12-23 | 1980-02-12 | Ncr Corporation | Pressure-sensitive recording sheet |
US4342473A (en) * | 1978-06-26 | 1982-08-03 | Champion International Corporation | Pressure-sensitive copy systems containing phenolic ester as color-stabilizers |
US4409272A (en) * | 1979-05-22 | 1983-10-11 | The Wiggins Teape Group Limited | Process for the manufacture of color developing material and product |
US4379721A (en) * | 1980-03-14 | 1983-04-12 | Spezial-Papiermaschinenfabrik August Alfred Krupp Gmbh & Co. | Pressure sensitive recording materials |
EP0092091A3 (en) * | 1982-04-15 | 1984-03-07 | Allied Corporation | Manufacture of powder cores for electromagnetic apparatus |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CA944151A (en) | 1974-03-26 |
BE768244A (fr) | 1971-11-03 |
DE2128518A1 (de) | 1971-12-16 |
DE2128518B2 (de) | 1973-09-13 |
FR2096092A5 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1972-02-11 |
GB1309512A (en) | 1973-03-14 |
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