US3856206A - Thermosensitive flow control device - Google Patents
Thermosensitive flow control device Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3856206A US3856206A US38273473A US3856206A US 3856206 A US3856206 A US 3856206A US 38273473 A US38273473 A US 38273473A US 3856206 A US3856206 A US 3856206A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- flow
- water
- disc
- temperature
- snap disc
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
- B05B12/00—Arrangements for controlling delivery; Arrangements for controlling the spray area
- B05B12/08—Arrangements for controlling delivery; Arrangements for controlling the spray area responsive to condition of liquid or other fluent material to be discharged, of ambient medium or of target ; responsive to condition of spray devices or of supply means, e.g. pipes, pumps or their drive means
- B05B12/10—Arrangements for controlling delivery; Arrangements for controlling the spray area responsive to condition of liquid or other fluent material to be discharged, of ambient medium or of target ; responsive to condition of spray devices or of supply means, e.g. pipes, pumps or their drive means responsive to temperature or viscosity of liquid or other fluent material discharged
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
- E03C—DOMESTIC PLUMBING INSTALLATIONS FOR FRESH WATER OR WASTE WATER; SINKS
- E03C1/00—Domestic plumbing installations for fresh water or waste water; Sinks
- E03C1/02—Plumbing installations for fresh water
- E03C1/04—Water-basin installations specially adapted to wash-basins or baths
- E03C1/041—Water-basin installations specially adapted to wash-basins or baths having provisions against scalding, e.g. temperature limiting devices, external covers
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
- F16K31/00—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices
- F16K31/002—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices actuated by temperature variation
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
- F16K31/00—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices
- F16K31/003—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices operated without a stable intermediate position, e.g. with snap action
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
- Y10T137/7722—Line condition change responsive valves
- Y10T137/7737—Thermal responsive
Definitions
- thermosensitive flow control device which can advantageously be used in a water spray head, includes a bimetallic snap disc flexurally movable relative to flow port means in the spray head. Normally, the snap disc is flexed away from the port means so that water discharges from the head as a spray; however, when the water temperature rises above a predetermined magnitude, the snap disc is flexed toward the port means to retard and diminish, but not eliminate, the flow therethrough. The water thus discharges from the head as a dribble until the temperature drops to a predetermined level, whereupon the disc automatically flexes away from the port means and the water once again discharges from the head as a spray.
- This invention relates to a thermosensitive flow control device and in particular it relates to a flow control device which retards or diminishes flow of a liquid stream when the stream temperature exceeds a predetermined first temperature and which restores full flow when the stream temperature drops to or below a predetermined second and lower temperature
- the present invention finds particular utility when used in connection with a water distribution system wherein a mix of cold water and heated water is delivered and dispensed through a spray head, such as a shower head. A serious problem exists if the water temperature of a shower spray should, for any reason, exceed the scalding temperature.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide an improved form of flow valve which can advantageously be used in a water distribution system such as a shower to prevent scalding of the occupant of the shower in the event that the water temperature should suddenly increase, but which does not require any resetting or other manual control by the occupant of the shower.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide an anti-scald spray head, particularly useful for showersto prevent the occupant of the shower from becoming scalded or otherwise injured through a sudden .temperature increase in the shower water.
- a flow control device to temporarily interrupt the flow of water in a water distribution system until the temperature thereof drops below a predetermined level, which device is simple yet efficient in operation, which is corrosion resistant and which does not clog or otherwise interfere with the flow of water in the system, which is quiet in operation, which responds quickly to changes in water temperature, which is relatively inexpensive to produce and install, and which can be installed in existing plumbing configurations and fixtures without the need for breaking out walls, changing piping arrangements, or the like.
- a flow control device which includes a bimetallic snap disc mounted in juxtaposition to a plate member having a series of flow ports therein.
- the snap disc and the plate member can be advantageously mounted within a spray head, such as a shower head, with the snap disc being oriented in the upstream direction.
- the snap disc is flexed away from the port means in the plate member so that the flow of water through the sprayhead will traverse around the snap disc and through the port means and will discharge from the head in the form of a spray.
- the snap disc automatically and rapidly flexes in the opposite direction and toward the port means to retard and diminish, but not eliminate the water flow through the port means.
- the water flow from the shower head will at this point be reduced to a dribble which would not ordinarily contact against the body of an occupant of the shower.
- the excessively hot water can continue to dribble from the shower head until the temperature of the water reaching the snap disc drops to a predetermined second and lower temperature, whereupon the snap disc will automatically flex away from the port means and the water will once again discharge from the shower head as a spray.
- FIG. I is a longitudinal sectional view of a spray head incorporating a thermosensitive flow control device in accordance with the principles of the present invention, with such flow control device being in its normal open position to permit the water to discharge from the head in the form of a spray;
- FIG. 2 is a longitudinal sectional view, similar to FIG. 1, but with the thermosensitive flow control device being positioned to retard and diminish flow because the water temperature being delivered through the head is excessive, and in the arrangement shown in FIG. 2, the water is discharged from the head in the form of a dribble;
- FIG. 3 is an exploded perspective view showing the details of the flow control device or valve
- FIG. 4 is an enlarged fragmentary sectional view showing the manner in which the flow is diminished or retarded when the parts are in the position of FIG. 2;
- FIG. 5 is a diagrammatic view showing the manner in which the water discharges in the form of a spray when the flow control device is in the configuration shown in FIG. 1;
- FIG. 6 is a diagrammatic view showing the manner in which the water discharges as a dribble when the flow control device is in the position shown in FIG. 2.
- thermosensitive and temperature responsive and thermally responsive may be used interchangeably hereinafter for the purpose of indicating that the flow control device of the present invention operates in response to changes in temperature of the liquid stream passing across the flow control device.
- FIGS. 1 and 2 wherein there is disclosed a flow head or spray head generally designated 10 having therein a thermosensitive flow control device generally designated 12.
- the flow head 10 is, as aforementioned, advantageously a shower head, but it can also be a faucet, a sprinkler head or the like.
- the flow head 10 includes a body means generally designated 14 which is adapted to be connected to a liquid stream, such as a water supply, b means of a connector generally designated 16.
- the body means 14 includes a first body member 18 having an inlet end with an opening or socket 20 formed therein and a threaded neck 22 forming a projection.
- the connector 16 includes a ball head 24 adapted to fit within the socket 20 and to abut against a washer 26 therein.
- a collar 28 is threaded on to the neck 22 of the body portion 18 and the collar includes an inwardly directed flange 30 which abuts against the ball 24 to maintain the same in the socket 20.
- the body means is mounted to and universally movable with respect to the ball head 24.
- the connector 16 also includes an extending tubular portion 32 which projects beyond the ball head 24 and beyond the collar 28 for attachment to a water supply pipe by means of internal screw threads 34.
- the body member 18 includes a second or forward portion 36 which is provided with a shaped discharge opening defined by curved walls 38 which provide the opening with a generally frusto-hemispherical or frusto-ogival configuration.
- the body portion 18 has at its forward end, a reduced diameter externally threaded neck 40 which terminates in a flat forward surface 42.
- the body portion 36 is provided at its rear end with a fiat internal shoulder 44 and with an internally threaded projecting portion 46 extending beyond the shoulder to thread on to the neck 40 of the body portion 18.
- the thermosensitive flow control device 12 is clamped between the surfaces 42 and 44 in a manner to be described herinafter.
- the external surfaces of the collar 28, the body portion 18 and at least a part of the body portion 36 are formed so that such surfaces are generally coincident, having an outwardly and forwardly tapering relationship to provide the head 10 with a generally frusto-conical configuration.
- a Central bore or flow passage 48 extends through the connector 16 to permit water to be introduced into ,the interior of the flow head 10 through its inlet end.
- the piping system by which the water is delivered contains a cold water pipe and a hot water pipe, each of which is provided with a flow control valve which can be manually operated to adjust the temperature of the water.
- the cold water and the hot water are mixied together and are delivered through a common pipe to the connector 16 and hence into the flow head 10.
- An internal chamber 50 is provided in the body means 14 with such chamber being defined and circumscribed by a frusto-conical wall portion 52 which enlarges forwardly from the inlet end and which merges into a cylindrical wall portion 54.
- the body portion 36 includes a continuing cylindrical sidewall portion 56, which can be coincident with the sidewall portion 54 in the body portion 18, and the internal chamber 50 terminates in a forward wall 58.
- a series of flow passages extend longitudinally forward from the wall 58 to provide flow passages for the water to discharge from the internal chamber 50 to the discharge opening 38.
- a series of shaped grooves or vanes 62 are formed along the walls of the opening 38 to cause the water to be discharged in a series of separate streams.
- a water spreader 64 is centrally positioned within the shaped discharge opening 38 and is con nected to the central portion between the flow passages 60 by means of an elongated threaded stud 66.
- thermosensitive flow control device 12 includes a flat surface 68 positioned immediately adjacent the separate flow passages 60 so that the water discharging from such flow passages impinges upon the surface 68 and is spread outwardly to be considered generally conventional and does not form any part of the present invention, except as an environment into which the thermosensitive flow control device 12 can be installed and attached.
- the flow control device 12 includes a plate member 70 having a first surface 72 intended to be disposed in an upstream direction and an opposed and parallel second surface 74 intended to be disposed in a downstream direction.
- the plate member 70 is provided with a series of forwardly extending post members 76, each of which is perpendicular to the plate surfaces 72 and 74.
- the post members 76 are arranged in a generally circular pattern, and although eight such post members are shown in FIG. 3, the number of such post members is not considered critical so long as a plurality of post members are provided.
- the circular series of post members are set inwardly a sufficient distance from the marginal edge of the plate member 70 to permit such marginal edge to be clamped between the flat surface 42 of the body portion 18 and the flat shoulder 44 of the body portion 36, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2.
- a suitable sealing medium such as one or more O-rings, can be utilized to prevent any water leakage from occurring around the plate member 70.
- the posst members 76 are set inwardly a sufficient distance from the side walls 54 and 56 which form the sides at the forward portion of the internal chamber 50 in the body means.
- a bore 78 extends through each of the post members 76 and through the plate member 70, as best illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2. As a result, it can be seen that eight separate bores 78 are provided and the water passing through the internal chamber 50 of the body means must pass through these eight separate bores and then through the flow passages 60 to discharge from the body means at the forward or dispensing endthereof.
- the plate member 70 also includes a central projection 80 having a threaded aperture 82 formed therein.
- a threaded bolt 86 is provided for the purpose of attaching a thermosensitive bimetallic snap disc 88 to the plate member by passing through an aperture 90 in the snap disc and threading into the threaded bore 82 in the projection 80.
- the snap disc 88 has a slightly dished configuration, making it slightly convex on one side and slightly concave on the other.
- the disc can be formed of any suitable bimetallic alloy and the disc is adapted to snap or flex over center when the temperature reaches a particular predetermined magnitude. Thus, if the disc ordinarily has a convex configuration, it will when subjected to temperature of a predetermined magnitude snap over center to achieve a concave configuration.
- thermosensitive snap disc 88 is somewhat greater than the diameter of the circle formed by the post members 76, but is somewhat less than the diameter of the plate member or of the internal diameter defined by the walls 54 of the internal chamber.
- an advantageous disc construction for a shower is one which will snap over when the temperature reaches l30F and which will snap back when the temperature of the surrounding water drops to F.
- the disc 88 is shown in its normal position where it is dished toward the inlet end of the body means and away from the discharge end thereof. Stated another way, in FIG. 1, the snap disc 88 is concave on its upstream side and convex on its downstream side. In such an arrangement, the water will enter through the flow passage 48 into the internal chamber 50, will flow around the disc 88, through the bores or flow ports 78 through the flow passages 60 and willdischarge along grooves or vanes 62 along the dispensing wall 38 in the form of a spray, as designated S in FIG. 5.
- the snap disc 88 will remain in the orientation shown in FIG. 1 and the water will be discharged in the form of the spray S.
- the disc 88 will snap over from its position of FIG. 1 to its position of FIG. 2. In such position, the disc is dished away from the inlet end and toward the outlet end of the flow head. Stated another way, the disc is convex on its upstream side and concave on its downstream side.
- the entire disc 88 need not be uniformly dished, and instead, it can be formed in the nature of a cymbal where the peripheral margin portion is somewhat flatter than the central portion.
- the peripheral margin portion of the snap disc 88 is designated 94 and at some point along the underside of this peripheral margin portion, the disc member 88 will contact and abut against the sharp corner formed by the intersection of the side walls of the post members 76 and the forward walls 92 thereof. When this occurs, it will be apparent that the disc member partially but not entirely covers the flow ports formed by the posts 76 and their bores 78. Flow of water through the device will thus be retarded or diminished or impeded. This occurs because the water is no longer free to flow directly through the open bores 78, but instead, must flow between the post members, around the edges of the snap disc 88 and between the underside of the peripheral margin portion 94 of the snap disc and the forward wall 92 of the post members.
- the snap disc does not eliminate or totally block the water flow through the spray head, and there are two reasons for this.
- the water pressure on opposed sides of the snap disc 88 will remain about the same and the disc will be able to snap back to its original position of FIG. I after the water temperature has dropped by a predetermined amount to a second and lower temperature which, as aforementioned, can advantageously be l20F.
- FIGS. 5 and 6 The occupant of the shower is shown in phantom lines in FIGS. 5 and 6 and is designated 0. Ordinarily, this occupant is standing in the shower in a position where the spray S will contact against his or her body for bathing purposes. If for any reason the temperature of the water discharging from the flow head 10 should suddenly rise above the predetermined maximum of 130F or whatever other maximum temperature is selected, the disc 88 will snap or flex from its position shown in FIG. 1 to its position of FIG. 2 in a rapid manner. Once the disc 88 reaches the position of FIG. 2, the water discharging from the flow head 10 will change to the dribble D as shown in FIG. 6 which will not contact the occupant and which willnot cause any injury to him or her.
- a flow control device which retards flow of a liquid stream when the stream temperature exceeds a predetermined first temperature and which restores full flow when the stream temperature drops to or below a predetermined second and lower temperature, said device comprising:
- a temperature responsive disc connected to said flow port means and positioned a preselected distance therefrom when said stream temperature is less than said predetermined first temperature, to permit full stream flow through said flow port means;
- said disc having at least a portion thereof free for flexural movement toward and away from said flow port means with such flexural movement occurring in response to temperature variations in said liquid stream;
- said disc arranged and constructed to be flexed toward said flow port means when said stream temperature exceeds said predetermined first temperature, to partially close said flow port means to provide a controlled reduced stream flow through said flow port means;
- said disc portion arranged and constructed to be flexed away from said flow portmeans and returned to its predetermined spacing at said preselected distance from said flow port means when said stream temperature drops to or below said predetermined second and lower temperature, whereupon full stream flow through said port means is restored.
- thermoresponsive metallic disc is a unitary bimetallic snap disc.
- said disc includes a central portion and a peripheral margin portion and wherein mounting means connect with said disc central portion to position said disc within said spray head.
- said flow port means includes a plurality of post members, each of which has a bore formed therein for passage of water, and wherein said peripheral margin portion abuts against said post members when said flexural displacement occurs.
- a plate member having a first surface adapted to be disposed in the upstream direction and an opposed second surface adapted to be disposed in the downstream direction;
- thermosensitive bimetallic snap disc
- said snap disc being flexural in response to temperature variations and hence movable from a first or full flow permitting position to a second or flow diminishing position;
- said snap disc having a peripheral margin spaced from said post members in said first position and abutted against said post members in said second position;
- said snap disc normally being disposed in said first position to permit full flow around said disc and through said bores;
- said snap disc being flexed when said water temperature rises above said predetermined magnitude to said disc to move to said second position and to cause said peripheral margin to abut against said post members to diminish flow through said bores;
- said snap disc being flexed back to its first position when the water temperature drops by a sufficient amount, whereupon full flow through said bores can resume.
- a flow valve as defined in claim 11 wherein said means connecting said center of said snap disc with said first surface of said plate member includes a central projection extending in an upstream direction from the center of said plate member and a fastener projecting through an aperture in the center of said snap disc.
- An improved shower head comprising;
- a body means having an inlet end adapted to be connected to a water supply and having an opposed discharge end;
- said body means having an internal chamber into which water flows from said inlet end;
- said body means having a shaped opening at the discharge end thereof;
- a water spreader disposed within said shaped opening to spread the water outwardly and along the walls defining said shaped opening, so the water discharges from said body means as a spray;
- said plate member having a plurality of flow ports therethrough;
- thermosensitive snap disc centrally connected with said plate member on the side thereof closest t said inlet end;
- said snap disc having at least its peripheral margin portion flexurally movable between a first position flexed away from said plate member and a second position flexed toward said plate member;
- said snap disc peripheral margin portion normally being disposed in said first position whereby water from said inlet flows into said internal chamber, around said snap disc, through said flow ports, to impinge upon said water spreader and discharge as a spray;
- said snap disc peripheral margin portion being displaced to said second position when the temperature of said water exceeds a predetermined magnitude, said peripheral margin portion in said second position partially blocking said flow ports whereby the quantity of water passing through said flowports and impinging upon said water spreader is materially reduced, so the water discharges from said body means as a dribble;
- said snap disc peripheral margin portion being returned to said first position when the water temperature in said internal chamber is reduced to a preselected value whereupon the water will again discharge from said body means as a spray.
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Abstract
Description
Claims (15)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US38273473 US3856206A (en) | 1973-07-26 | 1973-07-26 | Thermosensitive flow control device |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US38273473 US3856206A (en) | 1973-07-26 | 1973-07-26 | Thermosensitive flow control device |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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US3856206A true US3856206A (en) | 1974-12-24 |
Family
ID=23510187
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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US38273473 Expired - Lifetime US3856206A (en) | 1973-07-26 | 1973-07-26 | Thermosensitive flow control device |
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US (1) | US3856206A (en) |
Cited By (24)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3938741A (en) * | 1974-11-18 | 1976-02-17 | Apor Industries, Inc. | Shower heads |
GB2195241A (en) * | 1986-07-23 | 1988-04-07 | Wilfried Klein | Sprinkler or fire-extinguishing nozzle |
GB2250435A (en) * | 1990-12-07 | 1992-06-10 | Graviner Ltd Kidde | Nozzle for discharging liquid fire extinguishant |
US5385106A (en) * | 1992-08-24 | 1995-01-31 | Langshaw; Eric | Hot water/steam weed killing system |
US5465905A (en) * | 1994-03-17 | 1995-11-14 | Mister Dripper Company, Llc | Irrigation system with multi-functional irrigation control valves |
US5680987A (en) * | 1995-01-27 | 1997-10-28 | Qualitek Limited | Thermally actuated, air-atomizing spray shower apparatus |
US5803354A (en) * | 1996-06-17 | 1998-09-08 | Benedict; Charles E. | Temperature responsive fluid flow controllers |
US5860596A (en) * | 1996-09-20 | 1999-01-19 | Kolt; Stanley | Automatic temperature controlled shower head assembly |
US5937988A (en) * | 1996-09-03 | 1999-08-17 | Fichtel & Sachs Ag | Throttle device for hydraulic actuator systems and for hydraulic actuator systems of clutches of motor vehicles |
WO2001021323A1 (en) * | 1999-09-23 | 2001-03-29 | Newteam Ltd | Shower head |
US6538578B1 (en) | 1996-06-07 | 2003-03-25 | John A. Doherty | Vehicle mounted travel surface and weather condition monitoring system |
EP1376290A1 (en) * | 2002-06-17 | 2004-01-02 | Ergon S.r.l. | Temperature-actuated shut-off valve for sanitary and hydraulic installations |
US20040195357A1 (en) * | 1996-06-07 | 2004-10-07 | Doherty John A. | Apparatus and system for synchronized application of one or more materials to a surface from a vehicle and control of a vehicle mounted variable position snow removal device |
US20050246088A1 (en) * | 1995-06-08 | 2005-11-03 | Doherty John A | Surface condition sensing and treatment systems, and associated methods |
US20060151632A1 (en) * | 2002-07-05 | 2006-07-13 | Norwec Asa | Shower head |
US7400267B1 (en) | 1995-06-08 | 2008-07-15 | Western Strategic Products, Llc | Methods for determining need for treating a vehicle travel surface |
US7714705B2 (en) | 2005-02-25 | 2010-05-11 | Iwapi Inc. | Maintenance decision support system and method |
US8231270B2 (en) | 2008-01-03 | 2012-07-31 | Concaten, Inc. | Integrated rail efficiency and safety support system |
US8275522B1 (en) | 2007-06-29 | 2012-09-25 | Concaten, Inc. | Information delivery and maintenance system for dynamically generated and updated data pertaining to road maintenance vehicles and other related information |
US20130185863A1 (en) * | 2012-01-23 | 2013-07-25 | James Mulhern | Automatically adjusting pool jet fitting |
WO2014117794A1 (en) * | 2013-01-29 | 2014-08-07 | Neoperl Gmbh | Sanitary fixture |
US8902081B2 (en) | 2010-06-02 | 2014-12-02 | Concaten, Inc. | Distributed maintenance decision and support system and method |
US9601015B2 (en) | 2005-02-25 | 2017-03-21 | Concaten, Inc. | Maintenance decision support system and method for vehicular and roadside applications |
US9864957B2 (en) | 2007-06-29 | 2018-01-09 | Concaten, Inc. | Information delivery and maintenance system for dynamically generated and updated data pertaining to road maintenance vehicles and other related information |
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US1930227A (en) * | 1931-10-22 | 1933-10-10 | Scovill Manufacturing Co | Shower head |
US2647017A (en) * | 1951-04-19 | 1953-07-28 | Ind Res Inst | Nozzle |
US3621951A (en) * | 1968-12-30 | 1971-11-23 | Leopold Franz Schmid | Throttle valve |
-
1973
- 1973-07-26 US US38273473 patent/US3856206A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US1930227A (en) * | 1931-10-22 | 1933-10-10 | Scovill Manufacturing Co | Shower head |
US2647017A (en) * | 1951-04-19 | 1953-07-28 | Ind Res Inst | Nozzle |
US3621951A (en) * | 1968-12-30 | 1971-11-23 | Leopold Franz Schmid | Throttle valve |
Cited By (53)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3938741A (en) * | 1974-11-18 | 1976-02-17 | Apor Industries, Inc. | Shower heads |
GB2195241A (en) * | 1986-07-23 | 1988-04-07 | Wilfried Klein | Sprinkler or fire-extinguishing nozzle |
GB2195241B (en) * | 1986-07-23 | 1990-03-21 | Wilfried Klein | Sprinkler or spray nozzle for fire-extinguishing systems. |
GB2250435A (en) * | 1990-12-07 | 1992-06-10 | Graviner Ltd Kidde | Nozzle for discharging liquid fire extinguishant |
US5385106A (en) * | 1992-08-24 | 1995-01-31 | Langshaw; Eric | Hot water/steam weed killing system |
US5465905A (en) * | 1994-03-17 | 1995-11-14 | Mister Dripper Company, Llc | Irrigation system with multi-functional irrigation control valves |
US5794849A (en) * | 1994-03-17 | 1998-08-18 | Elder; Jack E. | Pulsed irrigation control valve with pressure relief |
US5680987A (en) * | 1995-01-27 | 1997-10-28 | Qualitek Limited | Thermally actuated, air-atomizing spray shower apparatus |
US6977597B2 (en) | 1995-06-08 | 2005-12-20 | Doherty John A | Vehicle mounted travel surface and weather condition monitoring system |
US20050246088A1 (en) * | 1995-06-08 | 2005-11-03 | Doherty John A | Surface condition sensing and treatment systems, and associated methods |
US7839301B2 (en) | 1995-06-08 | 2010-11-23 | Western Strategic Products, Llc | Surface condition sensing and treatment systems, and associated methods |
US7683804B2 (en) | 1995-06-08 | 2010-03-23 | Wester Strategic Products, LLC | Methods for determining need for treating a vehicle travel surface |
US7400267B1 (en) | 1995-06-08 | 2008-07-15 | Western Strategic Products, Llc | Methods for determining need for treating a vehicle travel surface |
US20030178501A1 (en) * | 1995-06-08 | 2003-09-25 | Doherty John A. | Vehicle mounted travel surface and weather condition monitoring system |
US8044823B2 (en) | 1995-06-08 | 2011-10-25 | Western Strategic Products, Llc | Systems and method for monitoring and controlling a vehicle travel surface |
US20040195357A1 (en) * | 1996-06-07 | 2004-10-07 | Doherty John A. | Apparatus and system for synchronized application of one or more materials to a surface from a vehicle and control of a vehicle mounted variable position snow removal device |
US6938829B2 (en) | 1996-06-07 | 2005-09-06 | John A. Doherty | Apparatus and system for synchronized application of one or more materials to a surface from a vehicle and control of a vehicle mounted variable position snow removal device |
US6538578B1 (en) | 1996-06-07 | 2003-03-25 | John A. Doherty | Vehicle mounted travel surface and weather condition monitoring system |
US5803354A (en) * | 1996-06-17 | 1998-09-08 | Benedict; Charles E. | Temperature responsive fluid flow controllers |
US5937988A (en) * | 1996-09-03 | 1999-08-17 | Fichtel & Sachs Ag | Throttle device for hydraulic actuator systems and for hydraulic actuator systems of clutches of motor vehicles |
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