US3855974A - Apparatus to control the air-fuel mixture supplied to internal combustion engines - Google Patents

Apparatus to control the air-fuel mixture supplied to internal combustion engines Download PDF

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US3855974A
US3855974A US00322568A US32256873A US3855974A US 3855974 A US3855974 A US 3855974A US 00322568 A US00322568 A US 00322568A US 32256873 A US32256873 A US 32256873A US 3855974 A US3855974 A US 3855974A
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Prior art keywords
carburetor
fuel
air
armature
control
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US00322568A
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English (en)
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H Mayer
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M7/00—Carburettors with means for influencing, e.g. enriching or keeping constant, fuel/air ratio of charge under varying conditions
    • F02M7/12—Other installations, with moving parts, for influencing fuel/air ratio, e.g. having valves
    • F02M7/14—Other installations, with moving parts, for influencing fuel/air ratio, e.g. having valves with means for controlling cross-sectional area of fuel spray nozzle
    • F02M7/16—Other installations, with moving parts, for influencing fuel/air ratio, e.g. having valves with means for controlling cross-sectional area of fuel spray nozzle operated automatically, e.g. dependent on exhaust-gas analysis
    • F02M7/17—Other installations, with moving parts, for influencing fuel/air ratio, e.g. having valves with means for controlling cross-sectional area of fuel spray nozzle operated automatically, e.g. dependent on exhaust-gas analysis by a pneumatically adjustable piston-like element, e.g. constant depression carburettors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D9/00—Controlling engines by throttling air or fuel-and-air induction conduits or exhaust conduits
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D2700/00—Mechanical control of speed or power of a single cylinder piston engine
    • F02D2700/09—Other ways of controlling
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S261/00—Gas and liquid contact apparatus
    • Y10S261/74—Valve actuation; electrical
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S261/00—Gas and liquid contact apparatus
    • Y10S261/82—Upper end injectors

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT [30] Foreign Application priority Data
  • the composition of the exhaust gases is sensed, and Apr 22 1972 Germany 2219768 the mass-ratio of air and fuel components of the mixture applied to the engine is controlled by controlling 52 US. 01:// 123/32 EA, 123/119 R 123/119 E F fuel carburemr for example by 60/285 ust ng a nozzle opening of fuel flow to the carburetor 51 1m. (:1. F02b 3/00 F02d 1/04 l l chamber or the Pressure the carburetor [58] Field of Search 03/119 R, g E, 32 AE, mlxmg chamber, under control of a sensed exhaust gas composition signal. I
  • the present invention relates to apparatus to control the mass ratio of the air and fuel components of the airfuel mixture applied to internal combustion engines, and more particularly to control the fuel flow through a carburetor in dependence on the sensed composition of exhaust gases from the internal combustion engine, specifically an electrical control signal derived from an oxygen sensor subjected to the exhaust gases.
  • Optimum operation of internal combustion engines requires careful control of the composition of the airfuel mixture supplied to the engine.
  • the fuel-air mixture applied to the engine should have an air number of A l, in which the air number A is representative of the composition of the air-fuel mixture.
  • the air number will be 1.0.
  • Constantly changing operating conditions of the engine particularly when installed in an automotive vehicle, require controlof the air number A under command of composition of the exhaust gases.
  • the composition of the exhaust gases itself can be sensed, as known, by means of an oxygen sensor.
  • the control system should be additionally suitable for installation in the demanding surroundings of automotive vehicles, and should be simple, reliable, and of low cost.
  • the flow of at least one of the components of the mixture is controlled by an electrical signal derived from a sensor, sensing the composition of the exhaust gases.
  • Flow control can be obtained, in accordance ,with a feature of the invention, by adjusting the nozzle opening ofa fuel nozzle extending into the mixing chamber of the carburetor; in accordance with another feature of the invention, the
  • pressure in the mixing chamber is controlled under command of the electrical signal derived from the sensor.
  • FIG. I is a highly schematic diagram of a control loop to adjust the mass ratio of the air-fuel components of the mixture applied to an internal combustion engine
  • FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view through an equalized pressure carburetor having a fuel nozzle opening which is controllable by an electro-magnet having two windings;
  • FIG. 3 is a transverse cross-sectional view of a carburetor having a single control winding
  • FIG. 4 is a transverse cross-sectional view of another embodiment in which an electrical control winding is connected to an air idler;
  • FIG. 5 is an enlarged fragmentary longitudinal view through a fuel nozzle, illustrating a control pin
  • FIG. 6 is a longitudinal cross-section of an equalized pressure carburetor in which an air slider can be adjusted by means of an electro-magnet;
  • FIG. 7 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of a carburetor in which air slider is arranged to change the pressure in the carburetor chamber;
  • FIG. 8 is a longitudinal, schematic crosssectional view showing a valve to change the pressure in the pressure chamber of the carburetor of FIG. 7.
  • Internal combustion engines in general, and particularly internal combustion engines in which catalytic or thermal reactors (or both) are located in the exhaust systems should have the mass ratio of fuel and air supplied to the engine carefully controlled. Noxious components in the exhaust of the engine can then be effectively eliminated, or reduced to a negligible value.
  • the air-fuel mixture is controlled by controlling the air number A, which may briefly be referred to as )t-control, under command of signals representative of the composition of the exhaust gases from the internal combustion engine.
  • FIG. 1 A control loop suitable in the present invention is illustrated in FIG. 1, in which an internal combustion engine, schematically shown at 10, has an air-fuel mixture applied thereto by means of an equalized pressure, or constant pressure carburetor l1.
  • Carburetor 11 the construction of which will be referred to in detail below, controls the relative application of air and fuel, in dependence on engine load, the loading itself being essentially derived from the position of the throttle 12 located in the intake 13 to the internal combustion engine 10.
  • the air mass, or quantity, applied to the engine is controlled within the carburetor 11 by means of a control element 14, as schematically indicated, and having a non-linear position-air flow transfer curve, as schematically shown inFIG. 1.
  • Fuel likewise, is supplied within the carburetor by means of a fuel adjustment system 15, which likewise has non-linear characteristics.
  • the internal combustion engine 10 has an exhaust system; an exhaust gas sensor 16 is located in sensing relationship to the exhaust gases from the engine 10 (as schematically indicated) to provide an electrical output signal from which'the composition of the exhaust gases can be determined.
  • the output signalof the sensor 16 is applied to an element 17, at which it is compared with a predetermined reference derived from a reference generator 17a.
  • Element 17, acting as a comparator, thus will provide an error output if the exhaust gas sensor provides a signal which deviates beyond a predetermined level indicative of deviation of the air number A from a pre-setvalue, for example k 1 (or another, predetermined value).
  • control circuit 18 which preferably is an integral controller, that is, a circuit having integrating characteristics.
  • the integrating characteristics of controller 18 can be variable, with respect to time, that is, the time constant, that is the integration time constant of the controller may be variable. If, for example, sensor 16 provides an output signal for a predetermined period of time indicating that the air number k deviates from k 1, then the time constant of integral controller 18 is changed to provide for more rapid control action of the control loop and to regulate the input to the internal combustion engine more quickly so that the air number A will have the desired value of unity.
  • a system of this type is described in US.
  • Controller 18 is connected to a control amplifier 19 which, in turn, connects to an electrical signalposition transducer 20 to convert the signals derived from amplifier 19 into mechanical output positions.
  • Transducer 20 controls the positioning of a controlled element in the system, for example the needle of a needle valve through which fuel is supplied to the fuel supply system 15 and then to the engine.
  • the control loop of FIG. 1 controls the air number A of the air-fuel mixture being supplied to the engine 10 by changing the nozzle opening of the fuel nozzle of carburetor 11. It is equally possible to otherwise control the supply of fuel to the carburetor 1 1, for example by controlling the pressure in the mixing chamber of the carburetor 11 in dependence on the output signal derived from sensor 16 and connected over a control circuit, for example a circuit similar to that including elements 17, 18, 19, 20.
  • FIG. 2 An equalized pressure carburetor 11 is shown in FIG. 2.
  • This carburetor has a cross bore 21, which may also be termed the mixing chamber, in which an air pressure responsive slider or piston 22 is slidably located.
  • a fuel nozzle arrangement 23 extends into the mixing chamber.
  • Throttle 12 is likewise located in the cross bore 21.
  • Slider 22 is generally hollow and cylindrical, closed off at the end, to form a cup-shaped piston Slider 22 is formed with a bore 24 extending from the interior through one end surface extending into the cross bore 21. Bore 24 connects to a pressure chamber 25, so that any vacuum within mixing chamber 21 is transferred, to the chamber 25.
  • Chamber 25 is defined on the one hand by the cover 26 of the carburetor, and on the other by a membrane 27 connected to slider 22 as well as with the cover 26, Membrane 27, at its other side, defines a second pressure chamber 28 in which a reference pressure is maintained.
  • the air slider is guided in a central opening or bore formed in the structural unit 29, which also defines and forms the mixing chamber and may be part of the inlet to the internal combustion engine.
  • a spring 30 is interposed between theinside of the carburetor cover 26 and the air slider, which can move against the compressive force of the spring.
  • a bushing 31 is secured to the" inside of the air slider 22, within which an armature 32 of a solenoid is located. Armature 32 has a valve needle 33 secured thereto.
  • Needle 33 extends into a fuel nozzle opening 34.
  • Armature 32 is held by two compression springs 35, 36, likewise contained within bushing 31.
  • Compression spring 35 bears against one end'surface of armature 32, and further on the inner surface 37 of bushing 31.
  • the other spring bears against the other end surface of the armature 36 and against a cover or end piece 38 closing off bushing 31.
  • End piece 38 of bushing 31 is additionally connected by means of rod 39 to a piston 40 which is slidable within a chamber 41 filled with a damping fluid.
  • Piston 40 is so dimensioned that a slight amount of fluid 41 can leak along the sides thereof, so that-piston 40 in chamber 41 will act as a dashpot, to dampen movement of the slider22.
  • a solenoid coil 43 formed of two separate windings, is located in the part of the carburetor 26 which extends interiorly of chamber 25, to influence movement of the armature 32.
  • Fuel supply nozzle opening 34 is located at the other side of air slider 22. Needle 33 is slidably located within the nozzle opening 34.
  • the opening 34 is formed by a hole in the end surface of a sleeve 44, retained within the guide tube 45.
  • Guide tube 45 is secured to the central unit 29 of the carburetor, and sleeve 44 is adjustable by means of a set screw 46. Adjustment of set screw 46 controls the idling fuel supply of the carburetor. Screw 46 is guided in the holding plug 47 which is screwed into the central unit 29 of the carburetor.
  • the central unit 29 is hollow, and includes a float chamber 49 therein.
  • a cover 48 is secured to the central unit 29, to close off the float chamber.
  • a float 50, operating a float valve 51 is located within the float chamber in order to control the flow of fluid to the carburetor chamber 49.
  • the slider will move upwardly until a balance will arise between the weight of the slider, the force of the spring 30, and the vacuum in chamber 25.
  • the slider thus responds to pneumatic pressure (in the particular application to negative pressure with respect to ambient air, i.e., to vacuum) and thus is used as a pressure responsive element, or piston.
  • pneumatic pressure in the particular application to negative pressure with respect to ambient air, i.e., to vacuum
  • the air-fuel mixture will be set to have an air number ofX 1.
  • the electromagnet can be energized so that armature 32 will be moved under influence of energization of current supplied to coil 43.
  • the two windings of coil 43 are I so selected that the forces derived from the two windings are opposite to each other.
  • both windings have current flowing therein which is equal so that the sum of the magnetic fields will be zero. If one. of the two windings has more current than the other one, upwardly or downwardly directed forces will act on armature 32 which is formed as a permanent magnet. Thus, the needle 33 connected to the armature 32 will be moved within the fuel nozzle opening 34 to change the fuel flow to the engine, regardless of the position of the air slider 22, with respect to the opening (34); as determined by air demand, or vacuum within the mixing chamber 21.
  • Embodiment of FIG. 3 The basic construction of the equalized pressured carburetor of FIG. 3 is similar to that of FIG. 2; similar parts have been given the same reference numerals and will not be explained again.
  • air slider 22 slidable in the central element 29 and supported against the pressure of a spring 30 in the housing of the carburetor are present.
  • a needle to control a needle valve is secured to the armature 32 of a solenoid to control the size of the opening of fuel nozzle 34.
  • the armature 32 is guided in a sleeve 52.
  • Armature 32 is secured in central position by a pair of compression springs 53, 54, bearing against opposite sides of the armature 32.
  • the other ends of the springs bear against the inner surface 55 of sleeve 52, on the one hand, and the second spring 54 bears against a cover plug 56 of the carburetor.
  • the air slider 22 changes position under differential pressure .in chambers 25, 28, the vacuum within the mixing chamber being transferred into chamber 25 through bore 24, as in the embodiment of FIG. 2.
  • the second chamber 28 carries reference (atmospheric) pressure
  • the lower part of the carburetor has a float chamber with a float, as known, which controls the supply of fuel to the carburetor.
  • the armature 32 is moved under influence of current flowing in coil 57 surrounding sleeve 52.
  • the difference in the construction according to FIG. 3 lies in the coil 57, which carries a single winding.
  • the springs, and the normal current through the winding are so arranged that, if the control current is derived from amplifier 19 (FIG. 1) an average excitation current normally flowing through winding 57 is either increased or decreased.
  • the armature then can be a soft iron core.
  • needle 33 of needle valve 34 is moved upwardly or downwardly, that is, enters the nozzle 34 more or less, in dependence on the magnitude of the control current flowing through winding 57.
  • This increases or decreases the attractive force acting on the armature 32, and as a result of movement of armature 32, needle 33 moves upwardly or downwardly, until a new equilibrium position between magnetic attractive force acting on the armature. and the relative forces due to spring 54, and spring 53 is established.
  • the displacement-force characteristics of spring 54 can be matched to the displacement-magnetic force characteristics of the electromagnetic position transducer system formed by coil 57 and armature 32, so that feedback on the armature upon movement of the air slider 22, due to change in loading on the engine, can be compensated.
  • Embodiment of FIG. 4 The construction is similar to that described in connection with FIGS. 2 and 3 and similar elements have been given similar reference numerals and will not be described again.
  • the air slider 22, in this embodiment is moved in the mixing chamber in dependence on vacuum therein.
  • the reference chamber determines the position of slider 22. If a pressure differential is sensed between the pressures in chamber 25 and chamber 28, membrane 27 which is secured to the slider will be deflected. thus adjusting the position of slider 22.
  • Slider 22 is secured to the housing of the carburetor by means of spring 30.
  • the fuel supply nozzle Opposite the slider is the fuel supply nozzle which includes a guide sleeve'45 within which a sleeve 44 is placed.
  • Nozzle opening 34 is formed in the inner end surface of sleeve 44, the effective flow diameter of which is determined by the depth of penetration of the needle 33.
  • the position of needle 33 is determined on the one hand by the position of the slider 22. Additionally, needle 33 can be moved by the action of current flowing through coil 61.
  • Air slider 22 is formed with a central bore 58.
  • a shaft-shaped extension is slidable in bore 58, extension 60 hearing against a spring 59 within the bore 58.
  • Shaft 60 functions as the armature for coil 61.
  • coil 61 is energized with currents of different magnitude, shaft 60 and the attached needle 33 slidable. in opening 34 is pulled into the central bore 58 more, 0r less, so that an additional change in effective opening size of the nozzle 34 is obtained, independently of the position of the air slider 22, and depending on the current flowing in coil 61.
  • FIG. 5 illustrates, in greater detail, the arrangement of the needle valve and the opening for fuel supply.
  • the remainder of the carburetor may be constructed in connection with any one of the embodiments FIGS. 2-4, for example.
  • Needle 33 is guided in a sleeve 62 having an upper end surface 63 in which the fuel opening 64 is formed.
  • the effective clear cross section of the opening 64 will depend on the depth of-penetration of the tapering needle 33 within sleeve 62.
  • Sleeve 62 itself isretained in a guide tube 65.
  • a fuel duct 66 is formed in guide tube 65, extending in a direction axially parallel to the longitudinal axis of the needle 33.
  • Duct 66 terminates in the mixing chamber of the carburetor; the other end matches a cross bore formed in the wall 67 of sleeve 62.
  • Duct 66, together with the cross bore, provides a bypass for fuel, with respect to the fuel nozzle 64 in sleeve 62.
  • the effective flow through the bypass can be changed by rotating sleeve 62 with re spect to the guide element 65, so that the cross bore will match more, or less, with the end of the duct 66, and thus change the effective flow diameter of the connection between the interior of sleeve 62 and duct 66.
  • This rotation of the duct can be effected electromagnetically, under control of an electromagnet which has current flowing therethrough depending on the output signal of the oxygen sensor 16 (FIG. 1) in the exhaust system of the internal combustion engine.
  • the needle 33 is then secured to the slider 22 of the carburetor.
  • the needle 33 may be of uniformly tapering outline, or may be formed with a taper which follows a curve to provide nonlinear relationship of deflection of the slider, and hence needle 33, with respect to cross section diameter of the opening 64.
  • the cross bore 67a which matches duct 66, may have a suitably shaped configuration so that rotation of sleeve 62, and hence wall 67 in which opening 67a is formed, with respect to resulting constriction of the matching opening with duct 66 in nonlinear, and in accordance with design criteria matching current flow through a coil 167,. energized for example from amplifier 19 (FIG.'1) to re- 7 v sulting control of fuel flow from duct 66.
  • a pancake, or flat coil 167 can be located beneath the lower end of sleeve 67 which is closed off by a small disc-magnet 168, having semicircular poles as schematically indicated by S and N in FIG. 5.
  • a slider can be used to change the air opening between sleeve 44 and needle 33 of the carburetor, the slider being in form of a push element, a
  • the slider, or control lamella can be controlled, as in the other examples, by means of an electromagnet which has control current applied thereto, the intensity of which depends on the output control signal representative of composition of the exhaust gases, as sensed by the sensing element 16 ('FIG. 1).
  • a slider is introduced more or less, in longitudinal direction, in sleeve 62, to increase or decrease an otherwise constant flow opening of fuel.
  • Control by means of a lamella may also be obtained by changing the opening of a lamella closure, which may be constructed similar to the diaphragm of a blade-type photographic shutter.
  • the massratio of the air component and fuel component of airfuel mixture was controlled by controlling the flow rate of fuel to the mixing chamber as a function of the control signal from the output of the oxygen sensor, and additional to (and independently of) control of the fuel opening as commanded by the fuel demand of the engine.
  • the correction of the mass-ratio of the air and fuel components can also be obtained by other systems. For example, pressure within the mixing chamber of the, carburetor can be changed as a function of the sensed exhaust signal.
  • Changing the air slider 22 under the influence of extraneous forces, changes the pressure within the mixing chamber by changing the air flow immediately adjacent the fuel nozzle 34, and thus changes the conditions under which fuel is sucked out of the fuel supply opening. If the cross sectional area of the air path decreases, by movement of air slider 22 into the mixing chamber, a simultaneous decrease of the cross sectional area of the nozzle opening will result since the conical needle 32 penetrates further into the nozzle 34. Due to the increased air velocity, however, at the edge of the nozzle opening 34, and the resulting increased vacuum, the air-fuel mixture will become somewhat richer since more fuel will be removed due to the increased vacuum.
  • the vacuum in the mixing chamber of a carburetor is determined, in part at least, by the output signal derived from the oxygen sensor 16 (FIG. 1) in the exhaust system of the internal combustion engine. Parts similar to those previously described in connections with FIGS. 1-5 have been given the same reference numerals and will not be described again.
  • the cross bore 21 in the central element 29 of the carburetor has slider 22 located therein. Slider 22 is suspended by a membrane 27 which forms, at opposite sides, a limit for the vacuum chamber 25 and the reference or pressure chamber 28. As before, the position of the slider 22 will be determined by the equilibrium which will obtain in view of the vacuum arising in the mixing chamber 21 due tothe operation of the engine and position of throttle 12, spring pressure and weight of the slider 22.
  • a sleeve 68 is located within the slider which is formed with a relief at its lower side, shown at 69, in which a shaft-shaped extension 70 of needle 71 is secured, and locked in place by means of a set screw 72.
  • Needle 71- is slidable in the fuel nozzle opening 73, formed in a sleeve 74.
  • Sleeve 74 is retained in a guide tube or sleeve 75, in turn secured to a screw 76.
  • the free opening of nozzle 73 is determined by the depth of penetration of needle 71, and thus changes the fuel flow through the nozzle.
  • the carburetor has a float 77 to control the amount of fuel flow to the carburetor.
  • a soft iron core 97 is located within sleeve 68, and thus secured to the slider 22.
  • Sleeve 68 extends at least partially within the interior of a winding 78, which acts on the soft iron core 97, so that core 97 in effect will be an armature for winding 78, to attract, or repel the armature 97.
  • Coil 78 is secured to the housing of the carburetor.
  • the coil 78 can be so wound that it has two windings with resultant magnetic forces which, if there is zero control current, the magnetic forces will be in balance, to cancel each other. It is also possible to form the coil with a single winding, as explained in connection with FIG. 3, ,in which an average current flows which, depending on error signals, increases or decreases from a median value as commanded by the oxygen sensor in the exhaust system.
  • Chamber 25 has the pressure (or rather, vacuum) present in the mixing chamber of the carburetor applied thereto, duct or bore 24 within the slider 22 forming a direct connection to chamber 25.
  • Chamber 28 has a reference pressure, usually ambient air pressure applied thereto, the position of the slider being determined by the differential pressure in chambers 25 and 28. Shifting of the slider can thus be obtained by changing the pressure'in either one of the chambers 25 or 28. This can be done simply by controlling pressure equalization between the two chambers 25, 28.
  • the valve has a valve body 84 with a slidable piston 85 which is formed with an armature 86 extending into the interior of a helical compression spring 87.
  • Spring 87 bears on one side to the facing surface 88 of piston 85 and on the other to the interior of the valve housing 89.
  • the upper part of the valve body 84 supports a coil 90 which, upon excitation, attracts or repels the armature and thus changes the position of the control piston 85.
  • Control piston 85 is formed as a double-cone, arranged such that the smaller cross sectional surfaces of the cones are facing each other.
  • the narrowest portion of the double-cone 85 has a cross bore 91 therein which extends or connects to a longitudinal bore 92, connecting with the interior 93 of the valve body 84 and, in turn, to the connector 83 which leads to the second pressure chamber 28 over connector 29.
  • a cross bore 94 further extends to the space formed by the constriction of the piston 85, at the junction of the tip part of thecones, to vent which additional bore duct 95 is connected to the connector 82 which leads to chamber 25.
  • a lean mixture means that the air number is 1.
  • the oxygen sensor 16 (FIG. 1) will sense an excess of oxygen, and a control current will be supplied from amplifier 19 to coil 90.
  • the amplitude of the control current will depend on the controller 18, and amplifier l9, and, in dependence on the amplitude of the control current, armature 86 and with it control piston will be pulled upwardly, more or less, against the force of spring 87.
  • Upward motion of piston 85 provides a connection between the first carburetor chamber 25 and the second chamber 28 (longitudinal bore 92, cross bore 91, cross bore 95).
  • the cross bore 94 which is connected to ambient outside pressure is gradually closed off.
  • the pressure differential between the first chamber 25 and the second chamber 28 will become less and less until the two chambers 25, 28 will have equal pressure arising therein.
  • slider 22 will be moved downwardly, causing an increase of fuel component of the fuel-air mixture (a richer mixture). If the current through coil 90 drops, the effect will reverse, and the piston will move downwardly.
  • the system is preferably so set that an average excitation current will flow through winding 90 when there is no control signal from sensor 16 (indicative of air number A l
  • the control piston 85, as well as the air slider 22 will slightly oscillate or vibrate about an average value at which A is approximately equal to unity.
  • the contruction illustration in FIGS. 7 and 8 has the particular advantage that a carburetor of the type of F IG. 7, that is, a standard carburetor can be used and the air slider thereof can be additionally controlled as a function of the composition of exhaust gases, that is, the mass-ratio or mass relationship of the air component and fuel component of the mixture applied to the engine can be influenced without changes of the con struction of the carburetor beyond tapping the vacuum chamber, and, the air reference chamber thereof, and connecting the taps to a control valve as shown in FIG. 8 and described in connection therewith.
  • the fuel supply means includes an air pressure responsive piston (22) movably located in the path of the air stream supplied to the engine upon engine operation, the needle (33, 71) being slidably located in the piston (22) and movable under control of said control signal.
  • Apparatus according to claim 1 further comprising an electrical network connected to receive the control signal from said sensing means and comprising a control circuit having non-linear amplification (l8) and a control amplifier (19), the controllable means being positioned by said amplifier.
  • control circuit is an integrating circuit.
  • the'electrically controllable fuel nozzle includes a solenoid coil system (43), and an armature (36) therefor, the armature being connected to the needle (33, 71 movement of the armature with respect to the coil changing the position of the needle with respect to the nozzle opening (34, 73). 4
  • the solenoid coil system includes a pair of excitation windings (43), connected to provide mutually opposing magnetic forces acting on the permanent magnet upon excitation of the respective windings.
  • dashpot means 40, 41, 42
  • dashpot means 40, 41, 42
  • the armature (32) is a soft iron core
  • the solenoid coil system comprises an excitation winding (57) and means (19) are provided to supply a holding current to the excitation winding to maintain the soft iron core armature (32) in a predetermined rest position.
  • Apparatus according to claim 9 further comprising spring means (53, 54) bearing on opposite sides of the armature, the spring means supporting the armature floatingly between the slider and the housing of the carburetor.
  • Apparatus according to claim 13 including movable means located adjacent the gap between the needle (33, 71) and the nozzle opening (34, 73) to change the relative side of the opening of the gap between the needle and the nozzle;
  • the carburetor includes means forming a fuel nozzle opening (34, 73) and a needle (33, 71) movable within the fuel nozzle; and
  • the electrically controllable fuel nozzle includes a lamella locatedin the gap between the fuel nozzle opening (34, 73) and the needle (33, 71) to change the relative opening of the gap between the nozzle and the needle, the position of the lamella being controlled under command of said control signal.
  • Apparatus according to claim 1 comprising a sleeve (62) having an end opening forming said fuel nozzle opening (34);
  • the sleeve (62) and a guide tube (65) being relatively movable to effect alignment, or misalignment of the cross bote and of the duct (66);
  • the electrically controllable means comprises means controlling the pressure in the mixing chamber (21) of the carburetor (11) said means being connected to and controlled by said electrical control signal provided by said sensing means.
  • Apparatus according to claim wherein the sleeve and guide tube are relatively rotatable, and said motion controlling means effect relative rotation of said sleeve and said duct to effect relative alignment, or misalignment of the cross bore and one end of said duct (65 and thus the flow of the fuel component from the carburetor to the mixing chamber.
  • said pressure control means comprises electrically positionable means controlling the position of the pressure responsive piston (22) in the carburetor in dependence of the output signal from said sensing means.
  • said pressure control means comprises an armature (97) and an electromagnet, the armature being secured to the air slider (22) and the electromagnet being secured to the carburetor housing, relative excitation of the coil of the magnet shifting the position of the slider within the carburetor.
  • Apparatus according to claim 19 wherein a pair of pressure chambers (25, 28) are provided locating the piston (22) in the carburetor and adjusting the relative position, with respect to the carburetor housing of said slider in dependence on vacuum in the intake to the engine;
  • said pressure control means comprises electrically controllable valve means controlling the pressure in at least one of said chambers in dependence on the electrical control signals provided by said sensing means.
  • Apparatus according to claim 20 wherein one of said pressure chambers has ambient air pressure applied thereto, and the other of said pressure chambers has pressure within the mixing chamber of the carburetor applied thereto;
  • valve means are connected to controllable under command of said electrical signal provided by said sensing means (16), selectively equalize the pressures within said chambers (25, 28).
  • valve means comprises a control piston and means controlling the position of said piston within the valve means, connected to and controlled by said control signal from said sensing means (16);

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Control Of The Air-Fuel Ratio Of Carburetors (AREA)
  • Electrical Control Of Air Or Fuel Supplied To Internal-Combustion Engine (AREA)
  • Output Control And Ontrol Of Special Type Engine (AREA)
  • Magnetically Actuated Valves (AREA)
US00322568A 1972-04-22 1973-01-10 Apparatus to control the air-fuel mixture supplied to internal combustion engines Expired - Lifetime US3855974A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE2219768A DE2219768A1 (de) 1972-04-22 1972-04-22 Einrichtung zur regelung des massenverhaeltnisses des kraftstoff-luft-gemisches einer brennkraftmaschine

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3855974A true US3855974A (en) 1974-12-24

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ID=5842913

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US00322568A Expired - Lifetime US3855974A (en) 1972-04-22 1973-01-10 Apparatus to control the air-fuel mixture supplied to internal combustion engines

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US3855974A (cs)
JP (1) JPS5531305B2 (cs)
DE (1) DE2219768A1 (cs)
FR (1) FR2174501A5 (cs)
GB (1) GB1429351A (cs)
IT (1) IT984081B (cs)

Cited By (22)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3921612A (en) * 1973-09-19 1975-11-25 Nissan Motor Apparatus for and method of controlling air-fuel mixture in a carburetor of an automotive internal combustion engine
US3981284A (en) * 1973-11-17 1976-09-21 Volkswagenwerk Aktiengesellschaft Carburetor
US4079713A (en) * 1975-06-18 1978-03-21 Laprade Bernard Refinements to constant depression carburettors
US4108122A (en) * 1975-04-30 1978-08-22 The Bendix Corporation Air/fuel ratio for an internal combustion engine controlled by gas sensor in intake manifold
US4153022A (en) * 1976-05-08 1979-05-08 Nissan Motor Company, Limited Electronic closed loop air-fuel ratio control system
US4171690A (en) * 1976-03-08 1979-10-23 Nissan Motor Company, Limited Emission control system for internal combustion engines utilizing balance differential amplifier stage
US4175103A (en) * 1978-04-17 1979-11-20 General Motors Corporation Carburetor
US4178332A (en) * 1978-01-11 1979-12-11 General Motors Corporation Carburetor and method of calibration
US4208358A (en) * 1977-05-27 1980-06-17 General Motors Corporation Carburetor and method of calibration
US4217314A (en) * 1978-06-26 1980-08-12 General Motors Corporation Carburetor and method of operation
US4272460A (en) * 1979-03-07 1981-06-09 Toyota Jidosha Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Variable venturi type carburetor
US4290399A (en) * 1979-06-12 1981-09-22 Aisan Industry Co., Ltd. Floatless variable venturi type carburetor
US4300490A (en) * 1973-06-04 1981-11-17 Nippon Soken, Inc. Air-fuel mixture ratio correcting system for carburetor
US4318869A (en) * 1981-02-17 1982-03-09 General Motors Corporation Carburetor
US4323521A (en) * 1980-12-18 1982-04-06 Henri Morgenroth Constant depression carburetor
US4333435A (en) * 1978-04-24 1982-06-08 Ntn Toyo Bearing Company, Limited Fuel injection device
US4341723A (en) * 1980-08-26 1982-07-27 Hidenori Hirosawa Variable venturi carburetor
US4372276A (en) * 1979-06-19 1983-02-08 Saab-Scania Aktiebolag Arrangement for switching a carburetor in internal combustion engines
US4377143A (en) * 1980-11-20 1983-03-22 Ford Motor Company Lean air-fuel control using stoichiometric air-fuel sensors
US5065611A (en) * 1989-08-15 1991-11-19 The Foxboro Company System for calibrating the span of pressure measuring instruments
ES2098174A1 (es) * 1993-02-09 1997-04-16 Velasco Clemente Jesus Sanchez Carburador de inyeccion adicional variable de aire y combustible, controlado mediante eje de oscilacion central emulsor fijado a placa con movimiento axial por palanca directa.
US6311959B1 (en) * 1999-04-22 2001-11-06 Applied Materials, Inc. Method and apparatus for generating controlled mixture of organic vapor and inert gas

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5012438A (cs) * 1973-06-04 1975-02-08
DE2831605C2 (de) * 1978-07-19 1982-03-11 Pierburg Gmbh & Co Kg, 4040 Neuss Vergaser für Brennkraftmaschinen
FR2492001B2 (fr) * 1979-12-06 1987-01-23 Pierburg Gmbh & Co Kg Dispositif de formation du melange pour moteurs a combustion interne
JPS56118947U (cs) * 1981-01-21 1981-09-10

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3086353A (en) * 1960-03-03 1963-04-23 Thompson Ramo Wooldridge Inc Afterburner systems
US3548792A (en) * 1969-02-11 1970-12-22 Judson G Palmer Control apparatus for internal-combustion engines
US3738341A (en) * 1969-03-22 1973-06-12 Philips Corp Device for controlling the air-fuel ratio {80 {11 in a combustion engine
US3759232A (en) * 1972-01-29 1973-09-18 Bosch Gmbh Robert Method and apparatus to remove polluting components from the exhaust gases of internal combustion engines

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3086353A (en) * 1960-03-03 1963-04-23 Thompson Ramo Wooldridge Inc Afterburner systems
US3548792A (en) * 1969-02-11 1970-12-22 Judson G Palmer Control apparatus for internal-combustion engines
US3738341A (en) * 1969-03-22 1973-06-12 Philips Corp Device for controlling the air-fuel ratio {80 {11 in a combustion engine
US3759232A (en) * 1972-01-29 1973-09-18 Bosch Gmbh Robert Method and apparatus to remove polluting components from the exhaust gases of internal combustion engines

Cited By (22)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4300490A (en) * 1973-06-04 1981-11-17 Nippon Soken, Inc. Air-fuel mixture ratio correcting system for carburetor
US3921612A (en) * 1973-09-19 1975-11-25 Nissan Motor Apparatus for and method of controlling air-fuel mixture in a carburetor of an automotive internal combustion engine
US3981284A (en) * 1973-11-17 1976-09-21 Volkswagenwerk Aktiengesellschaft Carburetor
US4108122A (en) * 1975-04-30 1978-08-22 The Bendix Corporation Air/fuel ratio for an internal combustion engine controlled by gas sensor in intake manifold
US4079713A (en) * 1975-06-18 1978-03-21 Laprade Bernard Refinements to constant depression carburettors
US4171690A (en) * 1976-03-08 1979-10-23 Nissan Motor Company, Limited Emission control system for internal combustion engines utilizing balance differential amplifier stage
US4153022A (en) * 1976-05-08 1979-05-08 Nissan Motor Company, Limited Electronic closed loop air-fuel ratio control system
US4208358A (en) * 1977-05-27 1980-06-17 General Motors Corporation Carburetor and method of calibration
US4178332A (en) * 1978-01-11 1979-12-11 General Motors Corporation Carburetor and method of calibration
US4175103A (en) * 1978-04-17 1979-11-20 General Motors Corporation Carburetor
US4333435A (en) * 1978-04-24 1982-06-08 Ntn Toyo Bearing Company, Limited Fuel injection device
US4217314A (en) * 1978-06-26 1980-08-12 General Motors Corporation Carburetor and method of operation
US4272460A (en) * 1979-03-07 1981-06-09 Toyota Jidosha Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Variable venturi type carburetor
US4290399A (en) * 1979-06-12 1981-09-22 Aisan Industry Co., Ltd. Floatless variable venturi type carburetor
US4372276A (en) * 1979-06-19 1983-02-08 Saab-Scania Aktiebolag Arrangement for switching a carburetor in internal combustion engines
US4341723A (en) * 1980-08-26 1982-07-27 Hidenori Hirosawa Variable venturi carburetor
US4377143A (en) * 1980-11-20 1983-03-22 Ford Motor Company Lean air-fuel control using stoichiometric air-fuel sensors
US4323521A (en) * 1980-12-18 1982-04-06 Henri Morgenroth Constant depression carburetor
US4318869A (en) * 1981-02-17 1982-03-09 General Motors Corporation Carburetor
US5065611A (en) * 1989-08-15 1991-11-19 The Foxboro Company System for calibrating the span of pressure measuring instruments
ES2098174A1 (es) * 1993-02-09 1997-04-16 Velasco Clemente Jesus Sanchez Carburador de inyeccion adicional variable de aire y combustible, controlado mediante eje de oscilacion central emulsor fijado a placa con movimiento axial por palanca directa.
US6311959B1 (en) * 1999-04-22 2001-11-06 Applied Materials, Inc. Method and apparatus for generating controlled mixture of organic vapor and inert gas

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS4947717A (cs) 1974-05-09
DE2219768A1 (de) 1973-10-31
JPS5531305B2 (cs) 1980-08-16
GB1429351A (en) 1976-03-24
FR2174501A5 (cs) 1973-10-12
IT984081B (it) 1974-11-20

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