US3854327A - Method and apparatus for determining the cross section of material using a sound field - Google Patents

Method and apparatus for determining the cross section of material using a sound field Download PDF

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Publication number
US3854327A
US3854327A US00339883A US33988373A US3854327A US 3854327 A US3854327 A US 3854327A US 00339883 A US00339883 A US 00339883A US 33988373 A US33988373 A US 33988373A US 3854327 A US3854327 A US 3854327A
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United States
Prior art keywords
sound
frequencies
frequency
standing waves
generator
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Expired - Lifetime
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US00339883A
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English (en)
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E Felix
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Zellweger Uster AG
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Zellweger Uster AG
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B17/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of infrasonic, sonic or ultrasonic vibrations
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65H—HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL, e.g. SHEETS, WEBS, CABLES
    • B65H63/00—Warning or safety devices, e.g. automatic fault detectors, stop-motions ; Quality control of the package
    • B65H63/06—Warning or safety devices, e.g. automatic fault detectors, stop-motions ; Quality control of the package responsive to presence of irregularities in running material, e.g. for severing the material at irregularities ; Control of the correct working of the yarn cleaner
    • B65H63/062—Electronic slub detector
    • B65H63/067—Electronic slub detector using fluid sensing means, e.g. acoustic
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01H—SPINNING OR TWISTING
    • D01H13/00—Other common constructional features, details or accessories
    • D01H13/14—Warning or safety devices, e.g. automatic fault detectors, stop motions ; Monitoring the entanglement of slivers in drafting arrangements
    • D01H13/22—Warning or safety devices, e.g. automatic fault detectors, stop motions ; Monitoring the entanglement of slivers in drafting arrangements responsive to presence of irregularities in running material
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01H—SPINNING OR TWISTING
    • D01H5/00—Drafting machines or arrangements ; Threading of roving into drafting machine
    • D01H5/18—Drafting machines or arrangements without fallers or like pinned bars
    • D01H5/32—Regulating or varying draft
    • D01H5/38—Regulating or varying draft in response to irregularities in material ; Measuring irregularities
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65H—HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL, e.g. SHEETS, WEBS, CABLES
    • B65H2701/00—Handled material; Storage means
    • B65H2701/30—Handled filamentary material
    • B65H2701/31—Textiles threads or artificial strands of filaments

Definitions

  • SHEET 2 BF 2 METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR DETERMINING THE CROSS SECTION OF MATERIAL USING A SOUND FIELD r This invention relates to a method of and an apparatus for at least approximately determining the cross section of filamentary or wire form material, more'especially of products of the textile industry and wire manufacturing industry.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a further development of the measuring arrangement shown in FIGS. 1 and 2; i
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of an arrangement for filtering out different frequencies at the transmitting end
  • FIG. 7. is a schematic diagram of an arrangement for filtering out different frequencies at the receiving end
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of the basic measuring arrangement of FIG. IV with modified working condi tions.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of a preferred embodimentfor the sound generator and sound pickup.
  • These standing waves are produced by a generator l4 through loudspeakers or similar electro-acoustic transducers 10, and their intensity is measured by microphones or other electroacoustic transducers 11.
  • the interval 20 between the surfaces 2 and 3 is .selected in such a way that, at a predetermined frequency f a standing fundamental wave 4 occurs with a pressure minimum atthe surfaces 2, and 3 and a pressure maximum'at half the distance 20.
  • the pressure minirna have to meet at the surfaces 2 and 3 and a pressure maximum occurs in the middle plane between the surfaces.
  • the transit time is increased, i.e., the time for sound to travel the distance 20 is increased and the voltage measurable at the microphone, vl1 or its phase position undergoes a change.
  • a standing wave is produced with a frequency f5 equal to atleast twice the frequency f
  • a wave 5 is formed with an oscillation node midwaybetween the surfaces2 and 3.
  • An object 1 introduced at the point of this oscillation node then shortens the transit time of the sound, so that, in this case, the change in the signal measured by the microphone 11 runs in the corresponding direction.
  • an indicating and/or recording instrument 16 is able directly to indicate and/or record the quantity i of the test material 1 in the sound field.
  • FIG. I is a schematic diagram of a first basic measuring arrangement
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of another basic measuring arrangement
  • FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating in principle an acoustic feedback oscillator
  • FIG. 4 is aschematic diagram of another acoustic feedback oscillator for various frequencies
  • the 'test material 1 increases the transit time whereas, at a higher frequency f for example, the transit time is shortened.
  • the transit time is shortened.
  • each one of these frequencies it is possible to obtain a signal corresponding tothe cross section of the test-material and to determine the cross section from this signal.
  • the transit times of both frequencies f, and f change in the same way.
  • the distance -20 between the sound generator 10 and the pickup 11 is reduced, the transit times. are also changed in the same way.
  • the material 1 does not necessarily have to pass exactly midway between the surfaces 2 and 3.
  • the stationary wave and its oscillation nodes i.e., through using correspondingly high frequencies in relation to the fundamental wave 4, it is possible to use other material positions.
  • FIG. 2 shows hows a measuring system in which the second harmonic 6 and the fourth harmonic 7 are present between the surfaces 2 and 3, while the test material 1 is positioned at one quarter-of the distance 20 from the surface 2. In this example similar conditions would also obtain if the test material 1 were to be positioned at three quarters of the distance 20.
  • FIG. 3 shows a basic circuit arrangement suitable for this purpose.
  • a signal U obtained in the sound pickup 11 passes back to the sound generator 10 through an amplifier 30.
  • the frequency adjusted as the oscillator frequency will be that frequency for which the phase relationship required for maintaining the oscillations is given in the sound pickup 11. If no phase shift (or a phase shift through 360) occurs in the amplifier '30, a stationary wave whose wavelength corresponds to twice the distance 20 between the surfaces 2 and 3 is formed in the sound field 20. If by contrast the amplifier is designed in such a way that a phase shift of the signal U through l80 takes place in it, the frequency of a wavelength formed will exactly correspond to the distance 20.
  • the corresponding apparatus is particularly simple because the feedback from the sound pickup 11 to the sound generator 10 can be carried out simply by sign change at both frequencies.
  • FIG. 4 shows a combination of a sound generator 10 and a sound pickup 11 with two parallel amplifiers 30 and 31, of which the amplifier 30 produces no phase shift while the amplifier 31 works-with a phase shift of 180.
  • One or the other of the amplifiers can be placedin the feedback path, for example, intermittently, by a switch 32.
  • FIG. 5 shows such an arrangement with two sound pickups 11 and 13, two sound 'generators 10 and 12 also being provided for reasons of symmetry.
  • the frequency f can be directly delivered to the generators as an approximately even-numbered multiple of the fundamental frequency, while the frequency f, can be delivered as an odd-numbered multi ple of the fundamental frequency to the one generator in phase and to the other generator shifted in phase by This arrangement is shown by way of example in FIG. 6.
  • the.frequency f can be used as a zero-point value.
  • the frequency f is four times the frequency f (curve 8).
  • FIG. 9 shows an embodiment in which the arrangement is such that,-for at least one harmonic, it represents a resonator in the form of an open pipe.
  • a method of at least approximately determining the cross section of filamentary or wire form material comprising the steps of generating standing waves with at least two different frequencies within a resonator tuned such that at least one pressure maximum of thefirst standingwave and at least one pressure minimum of another standing wave'substantiallycoincide at a point in the resonator, guiding the material to be tested through said point and.
  • detecting variations in said standing waves produced by the presence of said mateof detecting variations in the standingwaves includesfrequency is an odd-numbered multiple of this fundamental frequency, the said other frequency being delivered to one generator in phase and to the other generator in opposite phase.
  • a method as claimed in claim 1 wherein said step of detecting variations in the standing waves includes forming the sum and the difference from signals obtained by means of sound pickups from the standing waves, the sum and difference signals thus obtained 16.
  • a method. as claimed. in claim 5 whereinsaid feed ing back of the detected standing waves is performed so as to not produce any additional phase shift between the input to the resonator and the output thereof.
  • An apparatus as claimed in claim 18 wherein an amplifier which does not produce any phase shift is arranged in one feedback path, while an amplifier which does produce a phase shift is arranged in a second feedback path.
  • An apparatus as claimed in claim 15 comprising means for obtaining the sum and difference of the signals obtained from two sound pickups, the sums and differences thus formed being coupled back to at least one sound generator.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Quality & Reliability (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
  • Length Measuring Devices Characterised By Use Of Acoustic Means (AREA)
  • Measurement Of Mechanical Vibrations Or Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
US00339883A 1972-03-15 1973-03-09 Method and apparatus for determining the cross section of material using a sound field Expired - Lifetime US3854327A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH382872A CH543075A (de) 1972-03-15 1972-03-15 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur mindestens näherungsweisen Bestimmung der Querschnittsgrösse von faden- oder drahtförmigem Material, insbesondere von Erzeugnissen der Textilindustrie und der Drahtfabrikation

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3854327A true US3854327A (en) 1974-12-17

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US00339883A Expired - Lifetime US3854327A (en) 1972-03-15 1973-03-09 Method and apparatus for determining the cross section of material using a sound field

Country Status (16)

Country Link
US (1) US3854327A (nl)
JP (1) JPS556164B2 (nl)
AT (1) AT373389B (nl)
AU (1) AU470699B2 (nl)
BE (1) BE796800A (nl)
CA (1) CA999671A (nl)
CH (1) CH543075A (nl)
CS (1) CS223954B2 (nl)
DE (1) DE2214193C2 (nl)
FR (1) FR2175817B1 (nl)
GB (1) GB1396242A (nl)
HK (1) HK3780A (nl)
HU (1) HU169424B (nl)
IT (1) IT982507B (nl)
MY (1) MY7900002A (nl)
NL (1) NL172593C (nl)

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3948350A (en) * 1974-12-20 1976-04-06 Honeywell Inc. Acoustic resonant cavity
US4109233A (en) * 1974-12-20 1978-08-22 Honeywell Inc. Proximity sensor
US4332016A (en) * 1979-01-26 1982-05-25 A/S Tomra Systems Method, apparatus and transducer for measurement of dimensions
DE3237357A1 (de) * 1982-01-18 1983-07-28 Zellweger Uster AG, 8610 Uster Verfahren und vorrichtung zur messung charakteristischer merkmale von fasermaterial, sowie anwendung des verfahrens
US4716764A (en) * 1984-10-26 1988-01-05 Zellweger Uster., Ltd. Method and device for determining the cross-section of elongated objects using a sound field
US5184512A (en) * 1989-01-16 1993-02-09 Hrdlicka Armin W Measuring the length of a column of fluid in a tube
US5226326A (en) * 1991-05-31 1993-07-13 Environmental Stress Screening Corp. Vibration chamber
CN102995193A (zh) * 2012-11-13 2013-03-27 天津工业大学 一种细纱断头检测方法及应用该方法的细纱断头检测装置

Families Citing this family (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5187585A (ja) * 1975-01-30 1976-07-31 Ig Gijutsu Kenkyusho Kk Nannenseisenisekisotai oyobi sonoseizohoho
JPS58161776U (ja) * 1982-04-23 1983-10-27 戸田　熊記 防水サドルカバ−
US4877488A (en) * 1986-10-30 1989-10-31 Exxon Research And Engineering Company Passive acoustic power spectra to monitor and control processing
US4766647A (en) * 1987-04-10 1988-08-30 Spinlab Partners, Ltd. Apparatus and method for measuring a property of a continuous strand of fibrous materials
DK163451C (da) * 1987-08-05 1992-07-20 Eskofot As Fremgangsmaade til detektion af isaer tynde folier
DD294678A5 (de) * 1990-05-29 1991-10-10 ����������@����������@����������@����������k���Kk�� Anordnung zur beruehrungslosen einzelueberwachung eines fadenfoermigen materials
WO1992001520A1 (en) * 1990-07-25 1992-02-06 The Technology Partnership Limited Ultrasonic electro-acoustic transducers
JP2563059Y2 (ja) * 1991-07-19 1998-02-18 日立プラント建設株式会社 水処理設備のポンプ井攪拌装置

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2538444A (en) * 1949-02-03 1951-01-16 Raymond M Wilmotte Inc Sonic system for measuring filaments
GB710124A (en) * 1950-09-22 1954-06-09 British Thomson Houston Co Ltd Improvements in and relating to methods of measuring thickness or density of thin sheets
US3470734A (en) * 1965-09-03 1969-10-07 Skandinaviska Processinstr Apparatus for measuring the surface weight of a material
US3570624A (en) * 1966-06-27 1971-03-16 Lummus Co Web tracking and control
US3750461A (en) * 1971-06-16 1973-08-07 Zellweger Uster Ag Method of and an apparatus for determining the cross-section of products of the textile industry, especially that of yarns, rovings and slivers

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2538444A (en) * 1949-02-03 1951-01-16 Raymond M Wilmotte Inc Sonic system for measuring filaments
GB710124A (en) * 1950-09-22 1954-06-09 British Thomson Houston Co Ltd Improvements in and relating to methods of measuring thickness or density of thin sheets
US3470734A (en) * 1965-09-03 1969-10-07 Skandinaviska Processinstr Apparatus for measuring the surface weight of a material
US3570624A (en) * 1966-06-27 1971-03-16 Lummus Co Web tracking and control
US3750461A (en) * 1971-06-16 1973-08-07 Zellweger Uster Ag Method of and an apparatus for determining the cross-section of products of the textile industry, especially that of yarns, rovings and slivers

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3948350A (en) * 1974-12-20 1976-04-06 Honeywell Inc. Acoustic resonant cavity
US4109233A (en) * 1974-12-20 1978-08-22 Honeywell Inc. Proximity sensor
US4120389A (en) * 1974-12-20 1978-10-17 Honeywell Inc. Proximity sensor
US4332016A (en) * 1979-01-26 1982-05-25 A/S Tomra Systems Method, apparatus and transducer for measurement of dimensions
DE3237357A1 (de) * 1982-01-18 1983-07-28 Zellweger Uster AG, 8610 Uster Verfahren und vorrichtung zur messung charakteristischer merkmale von fasermaterial, sowie anwendung des verfahrens
US4716764A (en) * 1984-10-26 1988-01-05 Zellweger Uster., Ltd. Method and device for determining the cross-section of elongated objects using a sound field
US5184512A (en) * 1989-01-16 1993-02-09 Hrdlicka Armin W Measuring the length of a column of fluid in a tube
US5226326A (en) * 1991-05-31 1993-07-13 Environmental Stress Screening Corp. Vibration chamber
CN102995193A (zh) * 2012-11-13 2013-03-27 天津工业大学 一种细纱断头检测方法及应用该方法的细纱断头检测装置
CN102995193B (zh) * 2012-11-13 2016-01-13 天津工业大学 一种细纱断头检测方法及应用该方法的细纱断头检测装置

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
MY7900002A (en) 1979-12-31
FR2175817A1 (nl) 1973-10-26
GB1396242A (en) 1975-06-04
CH543075A (de) 1973-10-15
HK3780A (en) 1980-02-08
NL172593C (nl) 1983-09-16
NL172593B (nl) 1983-04-18
HU169424B (nl) 1976-11-28
CS223954B2 (en) 1983-11-25
AU5176873A (en) 1974-08-08
JPS494556A (nl) 1974-01-16
AT373389B (de) 1984-01-10
ATA55773A (de) 1983-05-15
CA999671A (en) 1976-11-09
IT982507B (it) 1974-10-21
BE796800A (fr) 1973-07-02
JPS556164B2 (nl) 1980-02-14
NL7302960A (nl) 1973-09-18
DE2214193B1 (de) 1973-05-10
AU470699B2 (en) 1976-03-25
FR2175817B1 (nl) 1977-09-02
DE2214193C2 (de) 1973-11-22

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