US3849841A - Seam type zipper with adjustable bottom stop - Google Patents

Seam type zipper with adjustable bottom stop Download PDF

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Publication number
US3849841A
US3849841A US00320111A US32011173A US3849841A US 3849841 A US3849841 A US 3849841A US 00320111 A US00320111 A US 00320111A US 32011173 A US32011173 A US 32011173A US 3849841 A US3849841 A US 3849841A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
thread
fastening elements
bottom stop
stop
guide surfaces
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US00320111A
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English (en)
Inventor
A Borzner
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Primerica Inc
Original Assignee
American Can Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by American Can Co filed Critical American Can Co
Priority to US00320111A priority Critical patent/US3849841A/en
Priority to AU59955/73A priority patent/AU5995573A/en
Priority to CA180,915A priority patent/CA980542A/en
Priority to GB4652273A priority patent/GB1426886A/en
Priority to JP48136236A priority patent/JPS49102448A/ja
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3849841A publication Critical patent/US3849841A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A44—HABERDASHERY; JEWELLERY
    • A44B—BUTTONS, PINS, BUCKLES, SLIDE FASTENERS, OR THE LIKE
    • A44B19/00—Slide fasteners
    • A44B19/24—Details
    • A44B19/36—Means for permanently uniting the stringers at the end; Means for stopping movement of slider at the end
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T24/00—Buckles, buttons, clasps, etc.
    • Y10T24/25—Zipper or required component thereof
    • Y10T24/2596—Zipper or required component thereof including means attaching interlocking surfaces together

Definitions

  • An invisible or seam type zipper includes two tapes with a chain of fastening elements attached to each of the tapes.
  • a slider is provided to open and close the fastening elements and a fixed bottom stop is rigidly attached to the chains for securing the terminal portions of one end of the chains of fastening elements in a closed position.
  • the seam type zipper has an adjustable bottom stop which can be installed on the chains of. fastening elements at any selected location above the fixed stop in a simple and effective manner by the use of a needle and thread.
  • FIG 9 PATENT rmvzslsm I saw an
  • the function of the seam type zipper foot is to guide the zipper chains and the zipper tapes past the sewing needle in order to make the stitching line as close as possible to the chains of the fastening elements to form a tight seam so that only a closed seam can be seen when the garment is viewed from the right side.
  • bottom stops have been heretofore proposed for use as a second bottom stop for a seam type zipper installed with a special zipper foot or for use as a bottom stop for a shortened zipper.
  • Previous attempts to solve this problem include whip stitching of the fastening elements at the appropriate location to form a stop of thread extending perpendicular to the path of travel of the slider. This method has proved unsatisfactory because repeated contact by the metal slider with the whip stitching at the end of the opening movement of the zipper slider tends to break the threads of the whip stitching.
  • a seam type zipper including a pair of tapes for attaching the zipper to a garment and a pair of chains of fas tening elements attached to the tapes.
  • the seam type zipper has a conventional fixed bottom stop securing the terminal portions of one end of the chains of the fastening elements in an engaged position.
  • a slider is engageable with the chains for engaging and disengaging the fastening elements and is movable longitudinally from the fixed bottom stop toward the free ends of the chains for engaging the fastening elements and for disengaging fastening elements when moved longitudinally in the opposite direction.
  • the seam type zipper of the present invention additionally has an adjustable bottom stop engageable with the chains of fastening elements at any selected point spaced from the fixed bottom stop and which may be conveniently sewn in place by needle and thread.
  • the adjustable bottom stop has a top web and a pair of side flanges extending from the web for engagement with the chains of the fastening elements and thread guide surfaces forming a transversely extending thread receptacle for receiving and protecting thread attaching the adjustable bottom stop on the fastening elements at any selected point.
  • the thread receptacle extends in a direction generally transverse to the longitudinally extending fastening elements and to the direction of the movement of the slider.
  • the thread guide surfaces forming the transversely aligned thread receptacles may be formed in the web or the flanges of the adjustable bottom stop.
  • the adjustable bottom stop may be constructed with thread guide surfaces in the web forming an upper transversely extending thread receptacle and with additional aligned thread guide surfaces in the flanges forming a lower transversely extending thread receptacle, the upper and lower thread receptacles being aligned to receive loops of thread attaching the adjustable bottom stop on the fastening elements.
  • the adjustable bottom stop is generally C-shaped and is slideably mounted on the fastening elements.
  • This adjustable stop has a pair of spaced generally parallel transversely extending top webs with oppositely facing thread guide surfaces with a transversely extending channel aperture therebetween for forming an upper thread receptacle.
  • the webs have their end portions bent obliquely to the plane of the webs with the flanges extending downwardly and inwardly therefrom.
  • the top portions of the flanges between the bent end portions of the webs provide thread guide surfaces aligned with the thread guide surfaces of the top webs.
  • the flanges have transversely aligned thread guide surfaces formed at their free ends which are in turn aligned with the thread guide surfaces of the top webs whereby the top web thread guide surfaces and the flange thread guide surfaces form upper and lower thread receptacles, respectively, for receiving loops of thread attaching the adjustable bottom stop to the fastening elements.
  • FIG. I is an enlarged perspective view of a portion of the seam type zipper of the present invention illustrating the convenient installation of the adjustable bottom stop by needle and thread.
  • FIG. 2 is a plan view of the seam type zipper of the present invention illustrating the beginning of the first step in the process of installing the zipper on a garment.
  • FIG. 3 is an enlarged elevation view of the adjustable bottom stop of FIGS. 1 and 2.
  • FIG. 4 is an enlarged perspective view of another embodiment of the adjustable bottom stop for the seam type zipper of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is an enlarged elevation view of an additional embodiment of the adjustable bottom stop for the scam type zipper of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a plan view of the seam type zipper of the present invention illustrating the installation steps of aligning one of the tapes of the zipper with a second garment panel.
  • FIG. 8 is a plan view illustrating the sewing of the second tape of the seam type zipper to a second garment panel. 1
  • FIG. 9 is a plan view illustrating the stitching lines sewn in the garment to install the tapes of the seam type zipper and to close the garment seam.
  • FIGS. 10 and 11 are partial plan views of the seam type zipper of this invention illustrating the positioning and stitching in place of the adjustable bottom stop.
  • the invisible or seam type zipper of the present invention includes a pair of tapes l2 and 14 for installing the zipper 10 on a garment in the manner described hereinafter.
  • Upwardly turned edge beads or welts l6 and 18 are formed on opposing inner edge portions of each of the tapes 12 and 14.
  • Chains of fastening elements 20 and 22 are attached to the welts l6 and 18 and may be conventional chains of metal zipper teeth or the plastic coil or filament type.
  • the zipper 10 has a slider 24 which disengages and engages the fastening elements 20 and 22 for opening and closing the zipper 10 in the usual manner.
  • a conventional bottom stop 26 is provided at the lower end of the zipper 10 to prevent the slider 24 from being accidentally disengaged from the fastening elements 20 and 22 prior to installation.
  • the stop 26 is rigidly attached in a fixed position at the extreme lower ends of the chains of fastening elements 20 and 22 and may be in the form of a metal clip; or in the case of a plastic coil zipper, the stop 26 may be formed by welding the coils together by the application of heat and pressure. While the fixed bottom stop 26 would function as the actual bottom stop for conventional zippers, when a seam type zipper is installed in a garment by a sewing machine with a special presser foot, the conventional rigidly attached bottom stop 26 at the ends of the chains of fastening elements 20 and 22 cannot function as the actual bottom stop.
  • the stop 28 having a generally C-shaped configuration with a pair of top web portions 30 and 32 and opposing side flanges 34 and 36 extending downwardly therefrom.
  • the top portions of the webs 30 and 32 are generally flat in the area extending over the fastening elements and 22.
  • the webs 30 and 32 are bent at an angle greater than 90 so that they turn downwardly and are inclined inwardly.
  • the flanges 34 and 36 extend from the ends of the bent end portions of the webs 30 and 32 so that they are inclined inwardly toward each other thereby giving the stop 28 its generally C-shaped configuration, which allows the stop 28 to be slideably retained on the fastening elements 20 and 22 and welts 16 and 18.
  • the adjustable bottom stop 28 is formed with transverse thread receptacles or channels to retain and to protect from contact with the slider 24 the stitching used to secure the stop 28 to the zipper 10 at the selected location after the zipper 10 has been installed on a garment.
  • the web portions 30 and 32 are spaced in parallel relationship to provide oppositely facing thread guide surfaces 30a and 32a which cooperate with thread guide surfaces 340 and 360 of the adjacent upper portion of the flanges 34 andand 42 therebetween providing a lower transverse thread receptacle to receive and hold the stitching as it passes under the fastening elements 20 and 22 as illustrated in FIG. 1.
  • the aligned upper and lower transverse thread receptacles provided by the adjustable bottom stop 28 cooperate to retain and protect the loops of thread used to secure the stop in place.
  • FIG. 4 Another embodiment of the second adjustably positionable stop 28 is illustrated in FIG. 4 and has a construction similar to the embodiment illustrated in FIGS. 1 through 3 with the same parts indicated by the same reference numerals.
  • the embodiment of FIG. 4 differs in that side flanges 34 and 36 are not inclined in the manner of the ends of the webs 30 and 32 of the previously described adjustable bottom stop as best seen in FIG. 3, but extend perpendicularly to. the webs as the web ends arebent at approximately a 90 angle to the webs.
  • the stop 28 does not slide on the fastening elements 20 and 22 but instead is manually placed over the fastening elements 20 and 22 at the time it is desired to sew the stop in place.
  • This embodiment has the advantage of allowing the slider 24 to be moved down against the conventional bottom stop 26 during installation of the zipper so that subsequently the stop 28 can be sewn in at a slightly lower position.
  • the stop 28 has a similar construction to the stop of FIG. 4, with the parts having the same reference numerals.
  • the stop of FIG. 5 has finger portions 44 and 46 extending inwardly from the leg portions 34a, 34b and 36a and 36b in order to grip the underside of the welts l6 and 18 to secure the stop on the fastening elements 20 and 22 in sliding relationship.
  • This type of generally C- shaped slideable bottom stop is useful on zippers where the configuration of the fastening elements 20 and 22 and the welts 16 and 18 are such that the type of C- shaped slideable stop of FIGS. 1 through 3 would not slide as readily.
  • FIG. 6 Another embodiment of the adjustable bottom stop is illustrated in FIG. 6, wherein the second bottom stop has a solid top web portion 48 with side flanges 50 and 52 extending generally perpendicularly downwardly therefrom.
  • the adjustable stop of FIG. 6 must be manually placed on the zipper. Adjacent to the lower free ends of the flanges 50 and 52, opposed aligned thread guide surfaces 54 and 56 in the form of apertures provide a transversely extending thread receptacle to receive the stitching securing this stop in place.
  • the stop of FIG. 6 is installed in a manner similar to that illustrated in FIG. 1.
  • the zipper 10 of the present invention is installed adjacent to the seam edge of the front face of garment fabric'panels 60 and 62.
  • the panels 60 and 62 are the so-called right side of the garment, that is, they are the sides of the garment facing outwardly when the garment is completed.
  • the seam type zipper is sewn into the garment in a well known manner by the following steps.
  • the slider 24 is moved to open the zipper, the tapes l2 and 14 are separated and the opened zipper is placed face down on the right side of the first panel 60 of the fabric.
  • one tape 12 of the zipper is placed on the top of the right side of the fabric panel 60 with the zipper fastening elements positioned inwardly from the seam line of the panel 60.
  • the slider 24 and the sliding stop 28 are moved to the extreme bottom position and a special seam type zipper foot 64 attached to the presser.
  • bar of a sewing machine is then moved so that its center indicator aperture 66 is aligned with the needle of the sewing machine.
  • the zipper foot' of the sewing machine is then lowered on the tape 12 which has been alligned 4 inch inward from the edge of the fabric panel 60, and stitching line 68 is made down the tape 12 until the zipper foot 64 contacts the slider 24.
  • the zipper is closed by moving the slider 24 upwardly and the un stitched second tape 14 is pinned to the right side of the other fabric panel 62.
  • fastening elements 22 of the tape 14 are located away from the seam line of the fabric panel 62.
  • the zipper 10 is opened and the zipper foot 64 is lowered so that its left channel (when viewed from the front) straddles the chain of fastening elements 22.
  • Stitching line 70 is then made down the second tape until the zipper foot 64 again contacts the slider 24.
  • the zipper foot 64 is slid to the left (as viewed from the front of the machine) so that the needle passes through a notch in the right side of the zipper foot.
  • the zipper 10 is then closed and the right sides of the fabric are placed together in face to face relationship.
  • the seams of the fabric panels 60 and 62 are aligned and the sewing machine needle is inserted approximately inch above and 1/16 inch to the left of the end of the stitching lines 68 and 70.
  • the zipper foot is again lowered and stitching line 72 is made to the end of the garment seam as illustratedjn FIG. 9.
  • the fourth step producing stitching line 72 closes the seam below the end of the zipper but above the conventional zipper stop, that is below the seam where the zipper will open.
  • the junction 74 of the lower ends of the stitching lines 68 and 70 and the upper end of the stitching line 72 define the lowest point that the slider 24 can be moved in the opening direction.
  • the junction 74 is spaced away from he conventional fixed bottom stop 26 which therefore cannot function to take the strain of stopping the slider 24 when it is moved to the open position.
  • the stitching line 72 must function to stop the opening movement of the slider 24.
  • the zipper 10 of the present invention advantageously provides the sliding stop 28 which may be conveniently sewn into place just above the junction 74 in the manner illustrated in FIGS. 1, l and 11. Accordingly, a home seamstress can secure the stop 28 in place with a needle 76 and thread 78. Thus the seamstress does not have to use mechanical tools not usually in the sewing box of the home seamstress to install the stop 28.
  • the stop 28 is installed, as illustrated in FIG. 1, by inserting the needle 76 through the tapes l2 and 14 under the welts l6 and 18 and wrapping the thread around the stop 28 so that the thread 78 is securely retained in the upper transverse thread receptacle between the webs 30 and 32 and by the lower transverse thread receptacle formed by the thread guides 40 and and 42.
  • the adjustable stop 28 may be made of metal or of a relatively stiff plastic material that will not be damaged by repeated contact with the slider 24. Thus the thread 78 is protected from contact with the slider 24 by the advantageous configuration of the thread receptacles formed in the stop 28.
  • adjustable stops illustrated in FIGS. 4, and 6 provide similar advantages as they can all be conveniently sewn ,in place by needle and thread in the same manner. This same method of installation of the adjustable bottom stop 28 can be used to install a bottom stop on a zipper that has been shortened to customize the zipper length to fit a particular garment.
  • a seam type zipper including a pair of elongated tapes for attaching said zipper to a garment; a pair of elongated chains of engageable fastening elements attached to said tapes; fixed bottom stop means engaged with said chains of fastening elements, said fixed bottom stop means being attached in a permanent position and securing the terminal portions at one end of said chains of fastening elements in an engaged position; slider means engageable with said chains of fastening elements and movable longitudinally thereon, said slider means being movable longitudinally toward the free ends of said chains for engaging said fastening elements and being movable longitudinally in the opposite direction for disengaging said fastening elements; a selectively locatable bottom stop engageable with said chains elements at a selected point between the ends of said pair of elongated chains and spaced from said fixed bottom stop to provide a bottom stop for said slider means, said selectively locatable bottom stop having a top web and a pair of spaced side flanges extending from said web for engagement with said chains of fastening elements; said
  • I and said bent end portions have said flanges extending downwardly and inwardly therefrom, and wherein the top portions of said flanges between said bent end portions have thread guide surfaces aligned with said thread guide surfaces of said top webs.
  • a seam type zipper including a pair of elongated tapes for attaching said zipper to a garment; a pair of elongated chains of engageable fastening elements attached to said tapes; fixed bottom stop means engaged with said chains of fastening elements, said fixed bottom stop means being attached in a permanent position and securing the terminal portions at-one end of said chains of fastening elements in an engaged position; slider means engageable with said chains of fastening elements and movable longitudinally thereon, said slider means being movable longitudinally toward the free ends of said chains for engaging said fastening elements and being movable longitudinally in the opposite direction for disengaging said fastening elements; a selectively locatable bottom stop engageable with said claims of fastening elements at a selected point between the ends of said pair of elongated chains and spaced from said fixed bottom stop to provide a bottom stop forsaid slider means, said selectively locatable bottom stop being generally C-shaped and slideably mounted on said fastening elements, said selectively locatable bottom stop having a top
  • a seam type zipper including a pair of elongated tapes for attaching saidzipper to garment; a pair of elongated chains of engageable fastening elements atments and being movable longitudinally in the opposite direction for disengaging said fastening elements; a selectively locatable bottom stop engageable with said chains elements at a selected point between the ends of said pair of elongated chains and spaced from said fixed bottom, stop to provide a bottom stop for said slider means, said selectively locatable bottom stop having a top web and a pair of spaced side flanges extending from said web for engagement with said chains of fastening elements; said selectivelylocatable bottom stop having preformed thread guide surfaces forming a transversely extending thread receptacle for receiving thread attaching said selectively locatable bottom stop on said fastening elements at said selected point, said thread receptacle extending in a direction generally transverse to said longitudinally extending fastening elements and to the direction of movement of said slider means, and loops of thread disposed in
  • said selectively locatable bottom stop is generally C-shaped for slideable movement on said fastening elements, prior to attachment by said thread loops to said fastening elements at the desired location, said selectively locatable bottom stop including a plurality of spaced gen erally parallel transversely extending top webs having oppositely facing thread guide surfaces forming said transversely extending thread receptacle receiving said thread loops.

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  • Slide Fasteners (AREA)
  • Sewing Machines And Sewing (AREA)
US00320111A 1973-01-02 1973-01-02 Seam type zipper with adjustable bottom stop Expired - Lifetime US3849841A (en)

Priority Applications (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US00320111A US3849841A (en) 1973-01-02 1973-01-02 Seam type zipper with adjustable bottom stop
AU59955/73A AU5995573A (en) 1973-01-02 1973-09-03 Seam type zipper
CA180,915A CA980542A (en) 1973-01-02 1973-09-13 Seam type zipper with adjustable bottom stop
GB4652273A GB1426886A (en) 1973-01-02 1973-10-05 Sliding clasp fastener with selectively locatable bottom stop
JP48136236A JPS49102448A (enrdf_load_html_response) 1973-01-02 1973-12-07

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US00320111A US3849841A (en) 1973-01-02 1973-01-02 Seam type zipper with adjustable bottom stop

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US3849841A true US3849841A (en) 1974-11-26

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US00320111A Expired - Lifetime US3849841A (en) 1973-01-02 1973-01-02 Seam type zipper with adjustable bottom stop

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US (1) US3849841A (enrdf_load_html_response)
JP (1) JPS49102448A (enrdf_load_html_response)
AU (1) AU5995573A (enrdf_load_html_response)
CA (1) CA980542A (enrdf_load_html_response)
GB (1) GB1426886A (enrdf_load_html_response)

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4035876A (en) * 1974-12-21 1977-07-19 Yoshida Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Dual fastener slider
US4099301A (en) * 1975-11-22 1978-07-11 Yoshida Kogyo K.K. Slide fastener combination
FR2410451A1 (fr) * 1977-12-05 1979-06-29 Yoshida Kogyo Kk Butee d'arret d'extremite pour fermetures invisibles
US5819474A (en) * 1994-09-20 1998-10-13 Strom; Willard H. Temporary shelter and method of making same
US6112383A (en) * 1998-09-01 2000-09-05 Salam; Abdul Bag tag and zipper lock and method of making
US20180235324A1 (en) * 2015-08-18 2018-08-23 Ykk Corporation Slide Fastener Reinforcement Strap
EP3578074A4 (en) * 2017-02-02 2020-11-04 YKK Corporation PRODUCT EQUIPPED WITH A ZIPPER CLOSURE, UNIT OF ELEMENTS AND MANUFACTURING PROCESS OF A PRODUCT EQUIPPED WITH A ZIPPER CLOSURE

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP4541350B2 (ja) * 2006-12-28 2010-09-08 松本ナ−ス産業株式会社 スライドファスナー

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2261534A (en) * 1940-09-16 1941-11-04 Universal Slide Fastener Co In Top stop for slide fasteners
US2501169A (en) * 1944-12-07 1950-03-21 Talon Inc Top stop for slide fasteners
US2618828A (en) * 1948-05-28 1952-11-25 Conmar Prod Corp Slide fastener with releasing end stop
US3555627A (en) * 1968-10-17 1971-01-19 Robert B Howell Installation of seam type zippers

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2261534A (en) * 1940-09-16 1941-11-04 Universal Slide Fastener Co In Top stop for slide fasteners
US2501169A (en) * 1944-12-07 1950-03-21 Talon Inc Top stop for slide fasteners
US2618828A (en) * 1948-05-28 1952-11-25 Conmar Prod Corp Slide fastener with releasing end stop
US3555627A (en) * 1968-10-17 1971-01-19 Robert B Howell Installation of seam type zippers

Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4035876A (en) * 1974-12-21 1977-07-19 Yoshida Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Dual fastener slider
US4099301A (en) * 1975-11-22 1978-07-11 Yoshida Kogyo K.K. Slide fastener combination
FR2410451A1 (fr) * 1977-12-05 1979-06-29 Yoshida Kogyo Kk Butee d'arret d'extremite pour fermetures invisibles
US5819474A (en) * 1994-09-20 1998-10-13 Strom; Willard H. Temporary shelter and method of making same
US6112383A (en) * 1998-09-01 2000-09-05 Salam; Abdul Bag tag and zipper lock and method of making
US20180235324A1 (en) * 2015-08-18 2018-08-23 Ykk Corporation Slide Fastener Reinforcement Strap
US10602812B2 (en) * 2015-08-18 2020-03-31 Ykk Corporation Slide fastener reinforcement strap
EP3578074A4 (en) * 2017-02-02 2020-11-04 YKK Corporation PRODUCT EQUIPPED WITH A ZIPPER CLOSURE, UNIT OF ELEMENTS AND MANUFACTURING PROCESS OF A PRODUCT EQUIPPED WITH A ZIPPER CLOSURE
US11083255B2 (en) 2017-02-02 2021-08-10 Ykk Corporation Slide fastener-attached product
US11089846B2 (en) 2017-02-02 2021-08-17 Ykk Corporation Slide fastener-attached product, element member and manufacturing method of slide fastener-attached product
US11206901B2 (en) 2017-02-02 2021-12-28 Ykk Corporation Slide fastener-attached product, element member and manufacturing method of slide fastener-attached product
US11406165B2 (en) 2017-02-02 2022-08-09 Ykk Corporation Slide fastener-attached product

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Publication number Publication date
AU5995573A (en) 1975-03-06
CA980542A (en) 1975-12-30
JPS49102448A (enrdf_load_html_response) 1974-09-27
GB1426886A (en) 1976-03-03

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