US3849821A - Submerged tunnel bridge - Google Patents

Submerged tunnel bridge Download PDF

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Publication number
US3849821A
US3849821A US00240722A US24072272A US3849821A US 3849821 A US3849821 A US 3849821A US 00240722 A US00240722 A US 00240722A US 24072272 A US24072272 A US 24072272A US 3849821 A US3849821 A US 3849821A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
anchoring
tunnel bridge
pontoons
buoyancy
sections
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US00240722A
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English (en)
Inventor
A Arild
J Creed
O Folkestad
A Selberg
N Tangsrud
E Odegard
A Brandtzaeg
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NORCONSULT
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NORCONSULT
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Publication of US3849821A publication Critical patent/US3849821A/en
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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D29/00—Independent underground or underwater structures; Retaining walls
    • E02D29/063—Tunnels submerged into, or built in, open water
    • E02D29/067—Floating tunnels; Submerged bridge-like tunnels, i.e. tunnels supported by piers or the like above the water-bed
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01D—CONSTRUCTION OF BRIDGES, ELEVATED ROADWAYS OR VIADUCTS; ASSEMBLY OF BRIDGES
    • E01D15/00—Movable or portable bridges; Floating bridges
    • E01D15/14—Floating bridges, e.g. pontoon bridges

Definitions

  • a submerged tunnel bridge with positive buoyancy is anchored to the sea bottom.
  • the bridge comprises spaced anchoring pontoons anchored to the sea bottom and operative to provide sufficient buoyancy for the submerged tunnel bridge, and bridge sections in the shape of tube-shaped tunnel sections mounted between the anchoring pontoons, the tunnel sections having such weight. and buoyancy that net vertical force on the tunnel bridge sections with varying internal and external loads will vary in a range around zero.
  • submerged tunnel bridge The chief advantages of a submerged tunnel bridge are partly that it can be positioned at a depth such that it cannot hinder navigation and partly that under certain conditions, it can be cheaper than either bridges or tunnels on or beneath the sea bottom.
  • the entrance design comprises dividing a duallane roadway into two separate lanes which are anchored to a rigid abutment, thus giving the necessary transverse stability.
  • transverse stability is attained by inclined restraining anchorings evenly distributed along the submerged part of the tunnel bridge.
  • a further feature of the invention is that the submerged anchoring pontoons have provisions for adjustment and tensioning of the anchor cables, which are anchor chain or wire rope.
  • the anchoring pontoons are fixed both vertically and laterally and thereby form stable points for erecting the tunnel bridge by joining together tunnel sections.
  • the fixing of the anchoring pontoons to the tunnel sections maybe carried out prior to or subsequent to the submersion of the bridge.
  • the anchoring pontoons have adequate space for other equipment such as pumps, emergency equipment, etc.
  • the tube sections of the bridge are thus designed and built such that the weight of the sections substantially corresponds to their buoyancy in submerged position, such that their submerged weights will be approximately equal to zero, preferably with a small residual buoyancy.
  • the buoyancy of the anchoring pontoon shall be sufficiently large to sustain the main weight of the external and internal loads on the tunnel section.
  • External loads shall be understood to include forces due to water currents, varying salinity, growth on the outside of the tunnel sections, etc.
  • Internal loads shall be understood as the loads due to the traffic, that is, the weight of the vehicles, and the movement of the vehicles through the bridge.
  • one anchoring pontoon at each end of the tunnel section will be sufficient.
  • Bridge erection is not restricted to its being divided into equal length spans. Within reasonable limits, the pontoons and their anchorings may be positioned at the most suitable locations along the sea bed.
  • FIG. 1 comprises a lateral view of a completed submerged bridge in accordance with the invention, the bridge crossing a fjord or thelike.
  • FIG. 2 comprises a plan view of the bridge shown in FIG. 1 (water not shown).
  • FIG. 3 comprises a schematic cross-sectional view in the transverse plane IIIIII of FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 4 comprises a cross-section through the bridge system in the planes II--II of FIG. 2, the left part showing a central cross-section through the anchoring pontoon in order further to illustratethe design of the same.
  • Number 2 designates the sea bed across a channel, fjord or the like, having a water surface-7; 4 and '6 designate anchor cables anchored to the sea bottom at 8 and 10, and to the anchoring pontoons 12 at a typical incline angle of 60 as shown in FIG. 3.
  • a large number of cables are used to ensure dependable and stable anchoring of each pontoon, the separate cables in each anchor group being parallel with a mutual spacing such as shown in FIG. 3.
  • Each anchoring pontoon in the embodiment shown is cylindrically shaped and has curved end heads 14.
  • the illustrated bridge comprises two anchoring pontoons 12,12, between which extends one rigid tube section 16, having a circular cross-section as shown in FIG. 4.
  • the tube sections are preferably cast in reinforced, pre-stressed concrete and are provided with a trafficable floor 18 and a ceiling 17 with space for ventilation channels.
  • Each end of tube section 16 is attached to its respective anchoring pontoon in a suitable fashion.
  • anchoring cables 4, 6 are led into the internal space of the anchoring pontoon via guides 20 in the bottom part of the pontoon.
  • Each of the cables are fastened to an anchor 23 via adjustmentand tensioning device 24.
  • the anchoring pontoon 12 is, as shown, provided with a level floor 26 for installations such as pumps and other auxiliary equipment (not shown).
  • At least one buoyant anchoring pontoon positioned at a predetermined position below said surface of said body of water
  • tube-shaped tunnel bridge sections positioned at said predetermined position and connected between adjacent of said anchoring pontoons and to said opposite land connections; anchoring means connected to said anchoring pontoons and to the bottom of said body of water for submerging and maintaining said anchoring pontoons and said tunnel bridge sections at said predetermined position below said surface of said body of water; the net buoyancy of said tunnel bridge sections at said predetermined position being approximately zero; and i the buoyancy of said anchoring pontoons at said predetermined position being sufficient to sustain the weight of internal and external loads imparted to said tunnel bridge sections.
  • each of said anchoring pontoons is in the form of a cylinder, the longitudinal axis of which is transverse to the longitudinal axes of the adjacent of said tunnel bridge sections; and wherein said adjacent tunnel bridge sections are connected to opposite sides of said cylinder.
  • each of said anchoring pontoons has a buoyancy space partially defined by an upper wall and a lower wall; and said anchoring means comprise cables extending through said lower wall of each of said anchoring pontoons and fixed to said upper wall thereof.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Paleontology (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Bridges Or Land Bridges (AREA)
  • Details Of Garments (AREA)
  • Underground Structures, Protecting, Testing And Restoring Foundations (AREA)
US00240722A 1971-04-02 1972-04-03 Submerged tunnel bridge Expired - Lifetime US3849821A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NO1261/71A NO125286B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1971-04-02 1971-04-02

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3849821A true US3849821A (en) 1974-11-26

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US00240722A Expired - Lifetime US3849821A (en) 1971-04-02 1972-04-03 Submerged tunnel bridge

Country Status (5)

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US (1) US3849821A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
JP (1) JPS557520B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1392463A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
IT (1) IT952529B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
NO (1) NO125286B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2424365A1 (fr) * 1978-04-27 1979-11-23 Sfp Structures Procede et dispositif de lancement d'un tunnel immerge
WO1990006401A1 (en) * 1987-06-05 1990-06-14 Odd Bernhard Torkildsen Enclosed prestressed concrete suspension bridge and method for constructing said bridge
US5899635A (en) * 1997-05-09 1999-05-04 Kuja; Michael W. Transportation underwater tunnel system
WO2009039605A1 (en) * 2007-09-25 2009-04-02 Edward Marshall Bauder Underwater suspended tunnel
CN101566065B (zh) * 2009-06-02 2011-11-16 中铁第四勘察设计院集团有限公司 一种公路和城市隧道的平面线形布置方式
WO2013191558A1 (en) * 2012-05-26 2013-12-27 Reinertsen As Structure to anchor floating installations, and device of a floating bridge
CN108661081A (zh) * 2018-05-02 2018-10-16 浙江大学 一种反张式锚索体系支撑悬浮隧道结构
US10563372B1 (en) * 2018-12-14 2020-02-18 Xiayi Huang Sea-cross high-speed tunnel structure suspended in water, construction method and control method thereof
CN112064678A (zh) * 2020-09-30 2020-12-11 广西大学 一种抑制动力响应的悬浮隧道体系

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
NO881538L (no) * 1988-04-08 1989-10-09 Moss Rosenberg Verft As Flytende roerbro.

Citations (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US11467A (en) * 1854-08-08 Tubular brzdge
US131322A (en) * 1872-09-17 Improvement in subaqueous tunnels
US262524A (en) * 1882-08-08 John t
US447735A (en) * 1891-03-03 moesee
US1852338A (en) * 1927-09-17 1932-04-05 Cleve F Shaffer Bridge construction
US2085156A (en) * 1933-04-22 1937-06-29 Stirling B Hill Floating bridge
US2117008A (en) * 1938-01-05 1938-05-10 Donald W Oswalt Support for dredging conduits
US2401453A (en) * 1943-06-24 1946-06-04 Louis N Bell Pontoon
US2457426A (en) * 1945-11-05 1948-12-28 Merl R Wolfard Device for arresting undulations in bridging structures
US2939291A (en) * 1955-06-06 1960-06-07 California Research Corp Anchoring system for floating drill structure
US3012533A (en) * 1959-12-04 1961-12-12 Tellefsen Olaf Lightweight concrete mooring float assembly
US3386117A (en) * 1964-12-10 1968-06-04 Svenska Metallverken Ab System for connecting buoyant bodies together
US3467013A (en) * 1965-05-14 1969-09-16 Jack S Conner Submarine fluid transmission system and conduit therefor
US3688327A (en) * 1970-07-27 1972-09-05 Rolf F Marshall Cellular building structure
US3689953A (en) * 1971-03-19 1972-09-12 Costas E Markakis Stabilized floating structure

Patent Citations (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US11467A (en) * 1854-08-08 Tubular brzdge
US131322A (en) * 1872-09-17 Improvement in subaqueous tunnels
US262524A (en) * 1882-08-08 John t
US447735A (en) * 1891-03-03 moesee
US1852338A (en) * 1927-09-17 1932-04-05 Cleve F Shaffer Bridge construction
US2085156A (en) * 1933-04-22 1937-06-29 Stirling B Hill Floating bridge
US2117008A (en) * 1938-01-05 1938-05-10 Donald W Oswalt Support for dredging conduits
US2401453A (en) * 1943-06-24 1946-06-04 Louis N Bell Pontoon
US2457426A (en) * 1945-11-05 1948-12-28 Merl R Wolfard Device for arresting undulations in bridging structures
US2939291A (en) * 1955-06-06 1960-06-07 California Research Corp Anchoring system for floating drill structure
US3012533A (en) * 1959-12-04 1961-12-12 Tellefsen Olaf Lightweight concrete mooring float assembly
US3386117A (en) * 1964-12-10 1968-06-04 Svenska Metallverken Ab System for connecting buoyant bodies together
US3467013A (en) * 1965-05-14 1969-09-16 Jack S Conner Submarine fluid transmission system and conduit therefor
US3688327A (en) * 1970-07-27 1972-09-05 Rolf F Marshall Cellular building structure
US3689953A (en) * 1971-03-19 1972-09-12 Costas E Markakis Stabilized floating structure

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
Oceanology International 72, March, 1972; pgs. 186 190. *

Cited By (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2424365A1 (fr) * 1978-04-27 1979-11-23 Sfp Structures Procede et dispositif de lancement d'un tunnel immerge
WO1990006401A1 (en) * 1987-06-05 1990-06-14 Odd Bernhard Torkildsen Enclosed prestressed concrete suspension bridge and method for constructing said bridge
US5899635A (en) * 1997-05-09 1999-05-04 Kuja; Michael W. Transportation underwater tunnel system
US6450734B1 (en) 1997-05-09 2002-09-17 Michael W. Kuja Transportation underwater tunnel system
WO2009039605A1 (en) * 2007-09-25 2009-04-02 Edward Marshall Bauder Underwater suspended tunnel
US20100092243A1 (en) * 2007-09-25 2010-04-15 Edward Marshall Bauder Underwater suspended tunnel
EP2212479A4 (en) * 2007-09-25 2010-09-15 Edward Marshall Bauder SUSTAINED UNDERWATER TUNNEL
US7942607B2 (en) 2007-09-25 2011-05-17 Edward Marshall Bauder Underwater tunnel
CN101566065B (zh) * 2009-06-02 2011-11-16 中铁第四勘察设计院集团有限公司 一种公路和城市隧道的平面线形布置方式
WO2013191558A1 (en) * 2012-05-26 2013-12-27 Reinertsen As Structure to anchor floating installations, and device of a floating bridge
NO337262B1 (no) * 2012-05-26 2016-02-29 Reinertsen As Konstruksjon for forankring av flytende installasjoner, samt anordning ved flytebro med forankring.
CN108661081A (zh) * 2018-05-02 2018-10-16 浙江大学 一种反张式锚索体系支撑悬浮隧道结构
CN108661081B (zh) * 2018-05-02 2019-08-02 浙江大学 一种反张式锚索体系支撑悬浮隧道结构
US10563372B1 (en) * 2018-12-14 2020-02-18 Xiayi Huang Sea-cross high-speed tunnel structure suspended in water, construction method and control method thereof
CN112064678A (zh) * 2020-09-30 2020-12-11 广西大学 一种抑制动力响应的悬浮隧道体系

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB1392463A (en) 1975-04-30
NO125286B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1972-08-14
JPS557520B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1980-02-26
IT952529B (it) 1973-07-30

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