US3848655A - Method of making a steel ingot - Google Patents

Method of making a steel ingot Download PDF

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Publication number
US3848655A
US3848655A US00316874A US31687472A US3848655A US 3848655 A US3848655 A US 3848655A US 00316874 A US00316874 A US 00316874A US 31687472 A US31687472 A US 31687472A US 3848655 A US3848655 A US 3848655A
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United States
Prior art keywords
mold
percent
molten steel
steel
weight
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Expired - Lifetime
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US00316874A
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English (en)
Inventor
M Kobayashi
Y Sato
S Matsuyama
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Aikoh Co Ltd
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Aikoh Co Ltd
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D7/00—Casting ingots, e.g. from ferrous metals
    • B22D7/06—Ingot moulds or their manufacture
    • B22D7/10—Hot tops therefor

Definitions

  • the exothermic antipiping agent added to the top surface of molten steel within the mold immediately after the pouring of the molten steel is a granular mixture and contains finely divided powders of a low specific gravity
  • the fine powders scatter during the addition and during exothermic reaction following addition.
  • the ingot making operation is hampered.
  • the dust exerts an adverse effect on plant personnel, and is undesirable from the view point of environmental pollution.
  • the scattering of the fine powder also results in a decrease of the effective ingredients of the antipiping agent.
  • a non-uniform heat retaining layer results from the addition of the antipiping agent, that is, the low specific gravity substance gathers in the upper layer and a high specific gravity substance gathers in the lower layer.
  • the granular substance is added according to this method, the top surface ofthe molten steel is not uniformly covered, i.e., the layer of the granular substance added is usually thick at the central part of the top surface of the molten steel and is thinner at the peripheral portions near the wall of the mold. It is therefore necessary to follow granular substance addition with a separate spreading operation to cover the top surface of the molten steel uniformly with the granular substance.
  • the present invention provides a method of making a steel ingot which comprises pouring mol' ten steel into a steel ingot making mold including a molded material for maintaining the side portions of the molten steel in a hot condition at a hot top of the mold, said molded material being disposed either at the upper end of said mold or the inner surface of the top portion of said mold, covering the top surface of the molten steel at the hot top, and thus keeping it warm,
  • a plate-like molded material having a bulk specific gravity of 0.2 to 0.7 and a thickness of at least 100 mm and consisting of to 88 percent by weight of a refractory material, 5 to percent by weight of a fibrous substance and 2 to 20 percent by weight of a binder, and casting a steel ingot having a weight of at least 3 tons and a carbon content of not more than 0.7 percent with the amount of the molten steel at the hot top being at least 10 percent.
  • the bulk specific gravity of the plate-like molded material which covers the top surface of the molten steel at the hot top and thus keeps it warm is 0.2 to 0.7 because if it is less than 0.2, pores in the molded material are large and communicate with the outer atmosphere, resulting in a reduced heat-retention effect and a re claimed strength of the molded material.
  • the molded material if it exceeds 0.7, the molded material has poor heat-retention properties, and cannot be used for ingot making in accordance with this invention.
  • the reason for the thickness of the molded material being at least 10 mm is that with thicknesses below l0 mm, the heatretention effect of the material is poor.
  • the refractory material is used in a proportion of 30 to 88% by weight of the plate-like molded material because if the proportion is less than 30 percent by weight, the refractory property and strength of the molded material are reduced, and amounts in excess of 88 percent by weight are undesirable because of the necessity of incorporating the fibrous substance and the binder, etc., in order to maintain the strength of the molded material and improve its heat-retention properties.
  • the fibrous substance contained in the plate-like molded material is a material which reinforces the molded material so as to avoid breakage by due to handling that may occur during the movement of the molded material or its installation in the mold, and which makes the molded material into a porous stance oflow bulk specific gravity and thus improves its heat-retention properties.
  • the fibrous substance that can be used are pulp, sawdust of wood, beaten materials of waste paper, etc., cotton, other cel lulosic fibrous substances, asbestos, slug wool, rock wool, glass wool, steel wool, regenerated cellulose fibers, and other artificial fibers.
  • the proportion of the fibrous substance is 5 to 45 percent by weight of the plate-like molded material. If it is less than 5 percent by weight, the fibrous substance does not reinforce the molded material and reduces its heat-retention properties, while on the other hand, it is not necessary to' use it in an amount exceeding 45 percent by weight to achieve the desired effects.
  • binder used in the plate-like molded material examples include resin binders such as phenolformaldehyde resins, urea-formaldehyde resins, furan resins or epoxy resins, water glass, cement, clay, dextrin, and starch.
  • resin binders such as phenolformaldehyde resins, urea-formaldehyde resins, furan resins or epoxy resins, water glass, cement, clay, dextrin, and starch.
  • the reason for the proportion of the binder being limited to 2-20 percent by weight of the plate-like molded material is that if it is less than 2 percent by weight, the binder has a poor effect in bonding the individual components together and the molded material is susceptible to disintegration, making it difficult to handle. On the other hand, it is not necessary to use it in an amount exceeding 20 percent by weight to achieve the desired effects.
  • the plate-like molded material for use in the method of making steel ingot according to this invention may also comprise an exothermic substance such as metallic aluminum or aluminum alloys, a carbonized substance such as coke breeze, charcoal powder, carbonized plant stalks or carbonized seed shells, or a carbonaceous substance such as chemically treated expanding graphite.
  • an exothermic substance such as metallic aluminum or aluminum alloys, a carbonized substance such as coke breeze, charcoal powder, carbonized plant stalks or carbonized seed shells, or a carbonaceous substance such as chemically treated expanding graphite.
  • the amount of molten steel at the hot top is at least 10 percent by weight of the steel ingot.
  • the present invention is limited to the production of a steel ingot having a weight of at least 3 tons. This is because with a small-sized ingot weighing less than 3 tons, solidification is rapid, and a sound steel ingot cannot be obtained.
  • the carbon content of the steel ingot is limited to not more than 0.7 percent because if it exceeds 0.7 percent, shrinkage pipes tend to occur.
  • the molded material located on the upper end, or the inside surface of the top portion, of the mold to maintain the side portion of the molten steel at the hot top in a warm condition is a heat-insulating warmth retaining molded article, or a multi-layered molded article comprising an exothermic layer in contact with molten steel and a heat-insulating layer outside this layer, etc.
  • FIG. 1 is a vertical sectional view showing a steel ingot being made in accordance with this invention by a top casting method
  • FIG. 2 is a vertical sectional view showing a steel ingot being made in accordance with this invention by the bottom casting method.
  • FIG. 1 is a vertical sectional view showing steel ingot in accordance with this invention being made by the top casting method.
  • Molten steel is poured by the top casting method into a steel ingot making mold (l) including at its top inside portion a molded material (3) for maintaining the side portion of the molten steel at a hot top (6) in a warm condition.
  • the top surface of the molten steel at the hot top (6) is covered, and thus kept warm, with a molded material (4) having the com position and properties heretofore specified.
  • Dotted line (7) shows the boundary between the hot top (6) and a main part (5) of the steel ingot.
  • Reference numeral (2) designates a moulding board.
  • the molded material (4) for covering the top surface of the molten steel be disposed in place before the pouring of the molten steel into the mold (l).
  • Dotted line (7) shows the boundary between the hot top (6) and the main part (5) of the steel ingot.
  • a pouring pipe was provided at the center of a moulding board, and six molds for 5 ton steel ingot were arranged redially therearound.
  • a molded material for maintaining the side portion of molten steel at the hot top of the mold in a warm condition was mounted to the top inner side surface of each mold so as to adjust the amount of the molten steel at the hot top to l 1 percent.
  • Molten steel having a carbon content of 0.2 percent was poured into each mold by the bottom cast ing method, and six steel ingots were cast in one casting operation. Of these ingots, three were made in accordance with the method of this invention.
  • a molded material (thickness 40 mm) having the composition and properties shown below was suspended at the top inner portion of the mold before the pouring of molten steel, and the top surface of molten steel was covered, and thus kept warm, by the plate-like molded material.
  • composition and properties of the molded material for covering the top surface of molten steel to keep it warm which was used in this example, were as follows:
  • the method of steel ingot making in accordance with this invention contributes to improving undesirable working conditions and environmental sanitation conditions encountered with conventional ingot making methods.
  • a method of making a steel ingot which comprises pouring at least 3 tons of molten steel into a steel ingot forming mold, said mold being provided with an insulating material for maintaining the side portion of the molten steel in a hot condition at the upper portion of the mold, with said molten steel having a carbon content of not more than 0.7 percent, with the amount of molten steel at the hot upper portion of the mold being at least percent by weight of the steel ingot; covering the top surface of the molten steel, and thus keeping it warm, with a plate-like molded material having a bulk specific gravity of 0.2 to 0.7 and a thickness of at least 10 mm which comprises 30 to 88 percent by weight of a refractory material, 5 to 45 percent by weight of a fibrous substance and 2 to 20 percent by weight of ya binder; and casting a steel. ingot in said mold.
  • said refractory material is selected from the group consisting of chrysolite, quartz, sand, silicates, magnesium, alumina, mullite, Alundum, slug, aluminum slug, diatomaceous earth, quartzite, paigeite, obsidian, perlite, magnesite, limestone, dolomite, fly ash, bauxite and mixtures thereof.
  • said fibrous substance is selected from the group materials consisting of pulp, wood sawdust, waste paper, cotton, cellulosic fibers, asbestos, slug wood, rock wool, glass wool, steel wool, regenerated cellulose fibers, artificial fibers and mixtures thereof.
  • said binder is a ma terial selected from the group consisting of phenolformaldehyde resins, urea-formaldehyde resins, furan resins, epoxy resins, water glass, cement, clay, dextrin, starch and mixtures thereof.
  • said exothermic substance is selected from the group consisting of aluminum, alloys of aluminum and mixtures thereof.
  • said carbonaceous susbstance is selected from the group Consisting of coke breeze, charcoal powder, carbonized plant stalks, carbonized seed shells, expanded graphite and mixtures thereof.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Mold Materials And Core Materials (AREA)
  • Casting Support Devices, Ladles, And Melt Control Thereby (AREA)
US00316874A 1971-12-27 1972-12-20 Method of making a steel ingot Expired - Lifetime US3848655A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP46105469A JPS4870628A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1971-12-27 1971-12-27

Publications (1)

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US3848655A true US3848655A (en) 1974-11-19

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ID=14408429

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US00316874A Expired - Lifetime US3848655A (en) 1971-12-27 1972-12-20 Method of making a steel ingot

Country Status (8)

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US (1) US3848655A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
JP (1) JPS4870628A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
AU (1) AU468176B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
BR (1) BR7209132D0 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE2263679A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR2166029B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1421147A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
SE (1) SE7217023L (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3953219A (en) * 1971-07-10 1976-04-27 Aikoh Co., Ltd. Powdery composition for heat retention of feeder head
US3975200A (en) * 1974-01-23 1976-08-17 Aikoh Co., Ltd. Moulding for the heat retention of feeder head in casting molten metals
US4025047A (en) * 1974-04-11 1977-05-24 Aikoh Co., Ltd. Moulding for the heat retention of feeder head in casting molten metals
US4040469A (en) * 1975-07-10 1977-08-09 Foseco International Limited Casting of molten metals
US4046187A (en) * 1974-06-24 1977-09-06 Aikoh Co., Ltd. Process of manufacturing killed steel ingots of superior quality
US5299724A (en) * 1990-07-13 1994-04-05 Alcan International Limited Apparatus and process for casting metal matrix composite materials
US6110996A (en) * 1997-10-20 2000-08-29 Ginsberg; Murray Building composition and method for making the same
CN108031806A (zh) * 2017-10-17 2018-05-15 襄阳远锐资源工程技术有限公司 一种铅锭浇铸装置及浇铸方法

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1961529A (en) * 1932-01-13 1934-06-05 Rowe Andrew Reed Casting ingots
US2165945A (en) * 1936-10-28 1939-07-11 Harbison Walker Refractories Casting metals
US2272018A (en) * 1939-06-30 1942-02-03 Standard Lime And Stone Compan Hot top and element for producing the same
US2362097A (en) * 1943-09-28 1944-11-07 Harbison Walker Refractories Ingot casting
US3262165A (en) * 1962-12-17 1966-07-26 Sandvikens Jernverks Ab Heat-insulating compositions and their use
US3297296A (en) * 1962-10-29 1967-01-10 Sandvikens Jernverks Ab Hot top composition for casting molds
US3300322A (en) * 1962-10-27 1967-01-24 Sandvikens Jernverks Ab Hot top
US3612155A (en) * 1970-07-03 1971-10-12 Aikoh Co Antipiping compound and process for the heat retaining of hot top surface

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1961529A (en) * 1932-01-13 1934-06-05 Rowe Andrew Reed Casting ingots
US2165945A (en) * 1936-10-28 1939-07-11 Harbison Walker Refractories Casting metals
US2272018A (en) * 1939-06-30 1942-02-03 Standard Lime And Stone Compan Hot top and element for producing the same
US2362097A (en) * 1943-09-28 1944-11-07 Harbison Walker Refractories Ingot casting
US3300322A (en) * 1962-10-27 1967-01-24 Sandvikens Jernverks Ab Hot top
US3297296A (en) * 1962-10-29 1967-01-10 Sandvikens Jernverks Ab Hot top composition for casting molds
US3262165A (en) * 1962-12-17 1966-07-26 Sandvikens Jernverks Ab Heat-insulating compositions and their use
US3612155A (en) * 1970-07-03 1971-10-12 Aikoh Co Antipiping compound and process for the heat retaining of hot top surface

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3953219A (en) * 1971-07-10 1976-04-27 Aikoh Co., Ltd. Powdery composition for heat retention of feeder head
US3975200A (en) * 1974-01-23 1976-08-17 Aikoh Co., Ltd. Moulding for the heat retention of feeder head in casting molten metals
US4025047A (en) * 1974-04-11 1977-05-24 Aikoh Co., Ltd. Moulding for the heat retention of feeder head in casting molten metals
US4046187A (en) * 1974-06-24 1977-09-06 Aikoh Co., Ltd. Process of manufacturing killed steel ingots of superior quality
US4040469A (en) * 1975-07-10 1977-08-09 Foseco International Limited Casting of molten metals
US5299724A (en) * 1990-07-13 1994-04-05 Alcan International Limited Apparatus and process for casting metal matrix composite materials
US6015528A (en) * 1990-07-13 2000-01-18 Alcan International Limited Apparatus and process for casting metal matrix composite materials
US6110996A (en) * 1997-10-20 2000-08-29 Ginsberg; Murray Building composition and method for making the same
CN108031806A (zh) * 2017-10-17 2018-05-15 襄阳远锐资源工程技术有限公司 一种铅锭浇铸装置及浇铸方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB1421147A (en) 1976-01-14
JPS4870628A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1973-09-25
AU468176B2 (en) 1974-06-20
FR2166029B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1975-01-03
BR7209132D0 (pt) 1973-09-18
AU5014772A (en) 1974-06-20
FR2166029A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1973-08-10
SE7217023L (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1973-06-28
DE2263679A1 (de) 1973-07-12

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