US3558591A - Heat insulators for use in the casting of molten metal - Google Patents

Heat insulators for use in the casting of molten metal Download PDF

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Publication number
US3558591A
US3558591A US839041A US3558591DA US3558591A US 3558591 A US3558591 A US 3558591A US 839041 A US839041 A US 839041A US 3558591D A US3558591D A US 3558591DA US 3558591 A US3558591 A US 3558591A
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fibrous material
weight
casting
refractory
compositions
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US839041A
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Michael Robert Yendrek
Robert Richard Dzurilla
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Foseco International Ltd
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Foseco International Ltd
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D7/00—Casting ingots, e.g. from ferrous metals
    • B22D7/06—Ingot moulds or their manufacture
    • B22D7/10—Hot tops therefor
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S525/00—Synthetic resins or natural rubbers -- part of the class 520 series
    • Y10S525/935—Matrix admixed with synthetic fiber

Definitions

  • compositions of matter suitable for use in the production of hot top linings and the like comprise 15 to 50% by weight of fibrous material, 40 to 80% of refractory filler and 0.5 to 10% of a binder material.
  • the fibrous material is wholly inorganic fibrous material or contains up to 40% of its weight of organic fibrous material, and the refractory filler consists in whole or in part of diatomaceous earth, bubble alumina, hollow silica microspheres, calcined rice husks or pozzolana (bubbled aluminosilicate).
  • This invention relates to the art of casting molten metal and more particularly to heat insulators for use in the production of metal castings in foundry practice in which connection it will be more specifically described. How ever the heat-insulators may be used in connection with the production of steel ingots.
  • the head metal i.e. the metal in the feeder heads, risers and like parts of the mould
  • the head metal does not solidify too quickly since if it does the feed and molten metal, to compensate for the contraction of the main body of the cast metal on cooling and solidification, will be hampered and the resulting casting may contain imperfections such as fissures and cavities.
  • a composition which acts as a barrier to the loss of heat from the head metal e.g. a heat insulating composition or a composition which contains ingredients which react exothermically when fired by the heat of the molten metal thereby positively to supply heat to the head metal.
  • compositions which comprise a grannular or powdered refractory heat insulating material, organic fibrous material and a binder material.
  • organic fibrous materials Whilst various organic fibrous materials have been employed it has been found very convenient, on basis of economy, to use either an intrinsically cheap organic fibrous material such as paper pulp or a waste synthetic fibrous material. It has also been proposed to include in such compositions a small proportion of refractory fibrous material, e.g. asbestos, slag wool or mineral wool.
  • compositions in question must, in order to be most effective, be of substantially homogeneous character and the procedure which has commonly been adopted, therefore, is to make an aqueous slurry containing the granular or powdered refractory, the organic fibrous material, refractory fibrous material if required, end binder, and then by expressing the liquid from the slurry to make suitable shapes, e.g. sleeves of the solid ingredients which, when dried and preferably stoved, are rigid structures, the binder serving to bind together the other ingredients.
  • suitable shapes e.g. sleeves of the solid ingredients which, when dried and preferably stoved, are rigid structures, the binder serving to bind together the other ingredients.
  • the slurry may be brought against a wire mesh and the liquid expressed through the mesh so that a body of the solid ingredients which do not pass the mesh is built up on the mesh surface.
  • the binder may be any material known per se for use in the production of shaped bodies of refractory material for the purpose indicated herein, e.g. an inorganic binder such as sodium silicate or an organic binder such as a natural gum, e.g. dextrin, or a cereal flour, e.g. wheat flour, or a synthetic resinous material, preferably a thermosetting resin such as a urea-formaldehyde, phenol formaldehyde or furane resin.
  • an inorganic binder such as sodium silicate
  • an organic binder such as a natural gum, e.g. dextrin
  • a cereal flour e.g. wheat flour
  • a synthetic resinous material preferably a thermosetting resin such as a urea-formaldehyde, phenol formaldehyde or furane resin.
  • compositions formulated as described above are in widespread use and have many advantages, they do not always have a sufiiciently high degree of refractoriness for use when handling high melting metals. Moreover their heat insulating characteristics are .not always as good as is desired.
  • compositions of matter suitable for use in the production of linings as aforesaid which comprise 15 to 50% by weight of fibrous material, 40 to of refractory filler and 0.5 to 10% of a binder material, the said fibrous material being wholly inorganic fibrous material or containing up to 40% of its weight of organic fibrous material and the said refractory filler consisting in whole or in part of lightweight filler selected from diatomaceous earth, bubble alumina, hollow silica microspheres, calcined rice husks and pozzolana (bubbled aluminosilicate).
  • the content of fibrous material is 20 to 30% by weight of the composition.
  • the invention further provides a method for the production of shaped elements suitable for use as aforesaid which comprises forming an aqueous slurry of the ingredients of a composition as just defined, and expressing the liquid therefrom to deposit a body of the solid ingredients in the required shape.
  • the invention further provides a method for lining a feeder head, riser or the like of a metal casting mould which comprises forming a said lining of one or more shaped elements formed of a composition as hereinbefore set forth, and preferably one made by the method hereinbefore set forth.
  • compositions of this invention which are refractory enough to be used with molten steel, which are economic to manufacture (due to their light weight and the fact that a substantial proportion of the relatively expensive organic fibre materials may be replaced by the relatively inexpensive organic fibrous materials), and which has a high heat insulating capacity.
  • the refractory filler consists of one or more of the lightweight fillers noted above, alone or in association with other granular or powdered non carbonaceous refrac tory fillers, for example, silica flour, olivine, chamotte, alumina, or any refractory silicate.
  • the grain size of the refractory filler may vary widely but a material which will pass a 325 E88 mesh has been found particularly satisfactory.
  • the fibrous material included in the compositions of the present invention consists, to the extent of at least 60% of its weight, of inorganic fibres such as calcium silicate, aluminum silicate or (more preferably) aluminosilicate fibres, asbestos, slag wool, rock wool, mineral wool or metal fibres.
  • inorganic fibres such as calcium silicate, aluminum silicate or (more preferably) aluminosilicate fibres, asbestos, slag wool, rock wool, mineral wool or metal fibres.
  • Organic fibrous material when present may be, for example, wood pulp (paper pulp) or wood flour but larger fibered material may be employed if desired, e.g. cotton waste, rag stock or waste synthetic staple fibre, for example of nylon, polyester or acrylonitrile fibre. It will be appreciated that the longer-fibred materials tend to be more effective in increasing the strength of the final composition.
  • the binder material may be any of those shown per se for use in the production of shaped elements for the purposes indicated, e.g. sodium silicate, gums, cereal flours, or thermosetting resin. It is preferred to employ thermosetting resins and generally a combination of phenolformaldehyde and urea-formaldehyde resins has been found most suitable.
  • shaped elements made of the compositions of this invention may be given a surface coating of a compact ceramic refractory material, e.g. deposited from a dressing comprising zircon flour, to increase the resistance of the elements to metal penetration.
  • a compact ceramic refractory material e.g. deposited from a dressing comprising zircon flour
  • EXAMPLE 1 An aqueous slurry is formed of 90 parts by Weight and parts by weight of a composition consisting of:
  • Example 1 Percent by weight Diatomaceous earth (-325 BSS mesh) 50 Paper fibre 10 Mineral wool- 30 Phenol-formaldehyde resin 8 Urea-formaldehyde resin 2 Example 1 was repeated except that in place of the diatomaceous earth, the same weight of calcined rice husks was used. Permeability of the slab was very high, transverse strength 75 p.s.i. and density 0.37 gm./cc.
  • Feeder head performance was similar to that of the material of Example -1.
  • Feeder head performance was similar to that of the material of Example 1.
  • compositions may also be used for lining the head of an ingot mould or for lining a head box fitted to such mould.
  • a heat-insulating composition of matter suitable for use in the production of hot top linings and the like which consists essentially of 15 to 50% by Weight of an inorganic fibrous material selected from the group consisting of calcium silicate, aluminium silicate, aluminosilicate, asbestos, slag wool, rock wool, mineral wool and metal fibers, with the proviso that an organic fibrous material selected from the group consisting of wood pulp, wood flour, cotton Waste, rag stock, and waste synthetic staple fiber may be substituted for up to 40% of the inorganic fibrous material, 40 to of a light weight refractory filler selected from the group consisting of diatomaceous earth, bubble alumina, hollow silica microspheres, calcined rice husks and pozzolana and 0.5 to 10% by weight of a binder material selected from the group consisting of sodium silicate, natural gums, cereal flour and thermosetting resins.
  • an inorganic fibrous material selected from the group consisting of calcium silicate, aluminium silicate, alumi
  • part of the refractory filler consists of a particulate refractory filler selected from the group consisting of silica flour, olivine, chamotte, alumina and refractory silicates.
  • a composition according to claim 1 wherein the binding agent is a mixture of phenoland urea-formaldehyde resins.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Mold Materials And Core Materials (AREA)
  • Ceramic Products (AREA)

Abstract

COMPOSITIONS OF MATTER SUITABLE FOR USE IN THE PRODUCTION OF HOT TOP LININGS AND THE LIKE COMPRISE 15 TO 50% BY WEIGHT OF FIBROUS MATERIAL, 40 TO 80% OF REFRACTORY FILLER AND 0.5 TO 10% OF A BINDER MATERIAL. THE FIBROUS MATERIAL IS WHOLLY INORGANIC FIBROUS MATEIAL OR CONTAINS UP TO 40% OF ITS WEIGHT OF ORGANIC FIBROUS MATERIAL, AND THE REFRACTORY FILLER CONSISTS IN WHOLE OR IN PART OR DIATOMACEOUS EARTH, BUBBLE ALUMINA, HOLLOW SILICA MICROSPHERES, CALCINED RICE HUSKS OR POZZOLANA (BUBBLED ALUMINOSILICATE).

Description

United States Patent 3,558,591 HEAT INSULATORS FOR USE IN THE CASTING F MOLTEN METAL Michael Robert Yendrek, Cleveland, and Robert Richard Dzurilla, Seven Hills, Ohio, assignors to Foseco International Limited, Birmingham, England, a British com- P y No Drawing. Filed July 3, 1969, Ser. No. 839,041 Claims priority, application Great Britain, July 4, 1968, 32,019/ 6 8 Int. Cl. B28b 7/36; C08g 37/03, 37/18, 51/04, 51/18 U.S. Cl. 260-173 4 Claims ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE Compositions of matter suitable for use in the production of hot top linings and the like comprise 15 to 50% by weight of fibrous material, 40 to 80% of refractory filler and 0.5 to 10% of a binder material. The fibrous material is wholly inorganic fibrous material or contains up to 40% of its weight of organic fibrous material, and the refractory filler consists in whole or in part of diatomaceous earth, bubble alumina, hollow silica microspheres, calcined rice husks or pozzolana (bubbled aluminosilicate).
This invention relates to the art of casting molten metal and more particularly to heat insulators for use in the production of metal castings in foundry practice in which connection it will be more specifically described. How ever the heat-insulators may be used in connection with the production of steel ingots.
In the casting of molten metal into a mould to form a metal casting it is important to ensure that the head metal, i.e. the metal in the feeder heads, risers and like parts of the mould, does not solidify too quickly since if it does the feed and molten metal, to compensate for the contraction of the main body of the cast metal on cooling and solidification, will be hampered and the resulting casting may contain imperfections such as fissures and cavities. It is accordingly the practice to line the feeder heads, risers and the like of casting moulds with a composition which acts as a barrier to the loss of heat from the head metal, e.g. a heat insulating composition or a composition which contains ingredients which react exothermically when fired by the heat of the molten metal thereby positively to supply heat to the head metal.
In recent years increasing use has been made for the purpose of lining compositions which comprise a grannular or powdered refractory heat insulating material, organic fibrous material and a binder material. Whilst various organic fibrous materials have been employed it has been found very convenient, on basis of economy, to use either an intrinsically cheap organic fibrous material such as paper pulp or a waste synthetic fibrous material. It has also been proposed to include in such compositions a small proportion of refractory fibrous material, e.g. asbestos, slag wool or mineral wool.
The compositions in question must, in order to be most effective, be of substantially homogeneous character and the procedure which has commonly been adopted, therefore, is to make an aqueous slurry containing the granular or powdered refractory, the organic fibrous material, refractory fibrous material if required, end binder, and then by expressing the liquid from the slurry to make suitable shapes, e.g. sleeves of the solid ingredients which, when dried and preferably stoved, are rigid structures, the binder serving to bind together the other ingredients. Thus the slurry may be brought against a wire mesh and the liquid expressed through the mesh so that a body of the solid ingredients which do not pass the mesh is built up on the mesh surface.
3,558,591 Patented Jan. 26, 1971 ice The binder may be any material known per se for use in the production of shaped bodies of refractory material for the purpose indicated herein, e.g. an inorganic binder such as sodium silicate or an organic binder such as a natural gum, e.g. dextrin, or a cereal flour, e.g. wheat flour, or a synthetic resinous material, preferably a thermosetting resin such as a urea-formaldehyde, phenol formaldehyde or furane resin.
Whilst compositions formulated as described above are in widespread use and have many advantages, they do not always have a sufiiciently high degree of refractoriness for use when handling high melting metals. Moreover their heat insulating characteristics are .not always as good as is desired.
It is an object of the present invention to provide new compositions which may be used for lining feeder hands, risers and the like of metal casting moulds and which have improved characteristics.
According to the present invention there are provided compositions of matter, suitable for use in the production of linings as aforesaid which comprise 15 to 50% by weight of fibrous material, 40 to of refractory filler and 0.5 to 10% of a binder material, the said fibrous material being wholly inorganic fibrous material or containing up to 40% of its weight of organic fibrous material and the said refractory filler consisting in whole or in part of lightweight filler selected from diatomaceous earth, bubble alumina, hollow silica microspheres, calcined rice husks and pozzolana (bubbled aluminosilicate).
Preferably according to the invention the content of fibrous material is 20 to 30% by weight of the composition.
The invention further provides a method for the production of shaped elements suitable for use as aforesaid which comprises forming an aqueous slurry of the ingredients of a composition as just defined, and expressing the liquid therefrom to deposit a body of the solid ingredients in the required shape.
The invention further provides a method for lining a feeder head, riser or the like of a metal casting mould which comprises forming a said lining of one or more shaped elements formed of a composition as hereinbefore set forth, and preferably one made by the method hereinbefore set forth.
Within the field of compositions of this invention there may be provided compositions which are refractory enough to be used with molten steel, which are economic to manufacture (due to their light weight and the fact that a substantial proportion of the relatively expensive organic fibre materials may be replaced by the relatively inexpensive organic fibrous materials), and which has a high heat insulating capacity.
Referring now to the individual ingredients of the composition, the refractory filler consists of one or more of the lightweight fillers noted above, alone or in association with other granular or powdered non carbonaceous refrac tory fillers, for example, silica flour, olivine, chamotte, alumina, or any refractory silicate. The grain size of the refractory filler may vary widely but a material which will pass a 325 E88 mesh has been found particularly satisfactory.
The fibrous material included in the compositions of the present invention consists, to the extent of at least 60% of its weight, of inorganic fibres such as calcium silicate, aluminum silicate or (more preferably) aluminosilicate fibres, asbestos, slag wool, rock wool, mineral wool or metal fibres.
Organic fibrous material when present may be, for example, wood pulp (paper pulp) or wood flour but larger fibered material may be employed if desired, e.g. cotton waste, rag stock or waste synthetic staple fibre, for example of nylon, polyester or acrylonitrile fibre. It will be appreciated that the longer-fibred materials tend to be more effective in increasing the strength of the final composition.
The binder material may be any of those shown per se for use in the production of shaped elements for the purposes indicated, e.g. sodium silicate, gums, cereal flours, or thermosetting resin. It is preferred to employ thermosetting resins and generally a combination of phenolformaldehyde and urea-formaldehyde resins has been found most suitable.
If desired, shaped elements made of the compositions of this invention may be given a surface coating of a compact ceramic refractory material, e.g. deposited from a dressing comprising zircon flour, to increase the resistance of the elements to metal penetration.
The following examples will serve to illustrate the invention:
EXAMPLE 1 An aqueous slurry is formed of 90 parts by Weight and parts by weight of a composition consisting of:
Percent by weight Diatomaceous earth (-325 BSS mesh) 50 Paper fibre 10 Mineral wool- 30 Phenol-formaldehyde resin 8 Urea-formaldehyde resin 2 Example 1 was repeated except that in place of the diatomaceous earth, the same weight of calcined rice husks was used. Permeability of the slab was very high, transverse strength 75 p.s.i. and density 0.37 gm./cc.
Feeder head performance was similar to that of the material of Example -1.
EXAMPLE 3 Example 1 was repeated except that in place of the diatomaceous earth, the same weight of calcined rice zolana was used. Permeability of the slab was very high, transverse strength 70 p.s.i. and density 0.35 gm./cc.
Feeder head performance was similar to that of the material of Example 1.
Whilst the invention has been described with particular reference to use with metal casting moulds it is to be understood that the compositions may also be used for lining the head of an ingot mould or for lining a head box fitted to such mould.
It is observed that the presence in riser sleeves and like shapes of carbon or carbonaceous filler (e.g. coke dust), is not desirable when casting steel; the presence of carbon tends to affect the final composition and properties of the cast metal.
We claim as our invention:
1. A heat-insulating composition of matter suitable for use in the production of hot top linings and the like which consists essentially of 15 to 50% by Weight of an inorganic fibrous material selected from the group consisting of calcium silicate, aluminium silicate, aluminosilicate, asbestos, slag wool, rock wool, mineral wool and metal fibers, with the proviso that an organic fibrous material selected from the group consisting of wood pulp, wood flour, cotton Waste, rag stock, and waste synthetic staple fiber may be substituted for up to 40% of the inorganic fibrous material, 40 to of a light weight refractory filler selected from the group consisting of diatomaceous earth, bubble alumina, hollow silica microspheres, calcined rice husks and pozzolana and 0.5 to 10% by weight of a binder material selected from the group consisting of sodium silicate, natural gums, cereal flour and thermosetting resins.
2. A composition according to claim 1 wherein the fibrous material constitutes 2030% by weight of the composition.
3. A composition according to claim 1 wherein part of the refractory filler consists of a particulate refractory filler selected from the group consisting of silica flour, olivine, chamotte, alumina and refractory silicates.
4. A composition according to claim 1 wherein the binding agent is a mixture of phenoland urea-formaldehyde resins.
References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,798,818 7/1957 Pletsch et al. 106-382 3,123,878 3/1964- Davidson 106-3822 3,230,056 1/1966 Arant et al 10638.22 3,300,322 1/1967 De Geer 10638.35
WILLIAM H. SHORT, Primary Examiner E. WOODBERRY, Assistant Examiner US. Cl. X.R.
US839041A 1968-07-04 1969-07-03 Heat insulators for use in the casting of molten metal Expired - Lifetime US3558591A (en)

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Cited By (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3878142A (en) * 1971-12-03 1975-04-15 Tidd Chemisch Tech Produkte G Compositions for lining casting moulds and related articles and method of making such articles
US3958998A (en) * 1972-06-07 1976-05-25 Foseco Trading A.G. Hot top lining slabs and sleeves
US4012262A (en) * 1974-02-08 1977-03-15 Denis Arthur John Patterson Manufacture of thermally-insulating, refractory articles
US4111706A (en) * 1976-05-24 1978-09-05 Bate Micheal Donald Sealing and filling material for metallurgical applications
US4242241A (en) * 1977-10-31 1980-12-30 The Celotex Corporation Method for making a slurry containing particulate matter and fibers for a preformed insulation product
US4273806A (en) * 1978-04-03 1981-06-16 Stechler Bernard G Method of forming electrical insulation by extruding polymeric compositions containing hollow microspheres
US4546128A (en) * 1983-05-13 1985-10-08 Kabushiki Kaisha Mikuni Seisakusho Composite material compositions using waste synthetic fiber
US4689358A (en) * 1985-08-06 1987-08-25 The Brooklyn Union Gas Company Insulating polymer concrete
US4873209A (en) * 1987-06-26 1989-10-10 Alcan International Limited Insulating lightweight refractory materials
US4989664A (en) * 1988-07-07 1991-02-05 United Technologies Corporation Core molding composition
WO1996030316A1 (en) * 1995-03-30 1996-10-03 Minerals Technologies Inc. Light weight sprayable tundish lining composition
EP0934785A1 (en) * 1993-04-22 1999-08-11 Foseco International Limited Bonded refractory heat-insulating compositions containing hollow alumina-silica microspheres for use in metal casting moulds
GB2347143A (en) * 1999-02-24 2000-08-30 Brightcross Manufacturing Limi Refractory composition
EP1392461A1 (en) * 2001-06-07 2004-03-03 Ondeo Nalco Company Method of forming investment casting shells
WO2008110378A1 (en) * 2007-03-15 2008-09-18 AS Lüngen GmbH Composition for the production of feeders
DE102008047601B3 (en) * 2008-09-18 2010-04-15 Dwl-Wolf Gmbh Hood for insulating heads of steel ingots cast in molds comprises a material mixture consisting of paper, temperature-resistant filler, blown perlite, mineral wool or fiber components, kieselguhr and binder
US11150022B2 (en) * 2016-06-30 2021-10-19 Refratechnik Holding Gmbh Use of a heat insulating molded body for isolation of molten metal against the atmosphere or against a metallurgical vessel

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
NL176654C (en) * 1974-09-27 1989-03-16 Stork Amsterdam Apparatus for transforming a number of randomly supplied containers into a single row.
US4683937A (en) * 1977-03-04 1987-08-04 United States Steel Corporation Ingot mold and method of producing same
DE3418736A1 (en) * 1984-05-19 1985-11-21 Holstein Und Kappert Gmbh, 4600 Dortmund Bottle feeding and distributing table
GB2199822B (en) * 1987-01-17 1990-10-10 Rolls Royce Plc Ceramic core material and method of enhancing its leaching rate.
JP5441402B2 (en) 2008-01-22 2014-03-12 花王株式会社 Casting manufacturing structure, casting manufacturing structure composition, casting manufacturing structure manufacturing method, and casting manufacturing method

Cited By (20)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3878142A (en) * 1971-12-03 1975-04-15 Tidd Chemisch Tech Produkte G Compositions for lining casting moulds and related articles and method of making such articles
US3958998A (en) * 1972-06-07 1976-05-25 Foseco Trading A.G. Hot top lining slabs and sleeves
US4012262A (en) * 1974-02-08 1977-03-15 Denis Arthur John Patterson Manufacture of thermally-insulating, refractory articles
US4111706A (en) * 1976-05-24 1978-09-05 Bate Micheal Donald Sealing and filling material for metallurgical applications
US4242241A (en) * 1977-10-31 1980-12-30 The Celotex Corporation Method for making a slurry containing particulate matter and fibers for a preformed insulation product
US4325849A (en) * 1977-10-31 1982-04-20 The Celotex Corporation Method for making a slurry containing particulate matter and fibers for a preformed insulation product
US4273806A (en) * 1978-04-03 1981-06-16 Stechler Bernard G Method of forming electrical insulation by extruding polymeric compositions containing hollow microspheres
US4546128A (en) * 1983-05-13 1985-10-08 Kabushiki Kaisha Mikuni Seisakusho Composite material compositions using waste synthetic fiber
USRE32692E (en) * 1983-05-13 1988-06-07 Kabushiki Kaisha Mikuni Seisakusho Composite material compositions using waste synthetic fiber
US4689358A (en) * 1985-08-06 1987-08-25 The Brooklyn Union Gas Company Insulating polymer concrete
US4873209A (en) * 1987-06-26 1989-10-10 Alcan International Limited Insulating lightweight refractory materials
US4989664A (en) * 1988-07-07 1991-02-05 United Technologies Corporation Core molding composition
EP0934785A1 (en) * 1993-04-22 1999-08-11 Foseco International Limited Bonded refractory heat-insulating compositions containing hollow alumina-silica microspheres for use in metal casting moulds
WO1996030316A1 (en) * 1995-03-30 1996-10-03 Minerals Technologies Inc. Light weight sprayable tundish lining composition
GB2347143A (en) * 1999-02-24 2000-08-30 Brightcross Manufacturing Limi Refractory composition
EP1392461A1 (en) * 2001-06-07 2004-03-03 Ondeo Nalco Company Method of forming investment casting shells
EP1392461A4 (en) * 2001-06-07 2004-07-07 Ondeo Nalco Co Method of forming investment casting shells
WO2008110378A1 (en) * 2007-03-15 2008-09-18 AS Lüngen GmbH Composition for the production of feeders
DE102008047601B3 (en) * 2008-09-18 2010-04-15 Dwl-Wolf Gmbh Hood for insulating heads of steel ingots cast in molds comprises a material mixture consisting of paper, temperature-resistant filler, blown perlite, mineral wool or fiber components, kieselguhr and binder
US11150022B2 (en) * 2016-06-30 2021-10-19 Refratechnik Holding Gmbh Use of a heat insulating molded body for isolation of molten metal against the atmosphere or against a metallurgical vessel

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GB1281684A (en) 1972-07-12
DE1934078A1 (en) 1970-01-15
FR2012309A1 (en) 1970-03-20
JPS5020545B1 (en) 1975-07-16

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